1. The oldest millet herbal beer in the Europe? The ninth century BCE bronze luxury bucket from Kladina, Czech Republic.
- Author
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Jílek, Jan, Golec, Martin, Bednář, Petr, Chytráček, Miloslav, Vích, David, Zavoral, Tomáš, Mírová, Zuzana, Petr, Libor, Kovárník, Jaromír, Milo, Peter, and Kučera, Lukáš
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BRONZE , *POLLEN , *MILLETS , *GAS analysis , *MASS spectrometry - Abstract
In 2017, a luxury bronze bucket was discovered near Kladina village in the Czech Republic. The bucket is dated to the ninth century BCE, and it is a unique artefact, having no parallel in Europe. Stylistically, it is a "transition type" dated between the Late Bronze Age (11th–10th century BCE) and the Hallstatt Period (eighth–sixth century BCE). Detailed palynological analysis of verdigris and soil infill of the bucket identified a wide range of pollen grains belonging mainly to herbs, with bitter‐sour properties, and cereals. Subsequent chemical analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of soil extracts revealed the presence of the compound miliacin that is a chemical marker of millet. Moreover, a starch analysis reveals the presence of enzymatically modified starch grains. These data, with the help of archaeological knowledge, indicate that the original content may have been millet‐based food/beverage with addition of herbs. We suggest that this luxury vessel, given the contents we have identified, was deposited, in the late spring/summer months of the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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