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This paper examines and compares, in the light of French Discourse Analysis, four life stories - collected through interviews - that were produced by Brazilian migrants that live illegally in France or in England. The main objective is to find out the discursive representations (of themselves, of the others, of the world) constructed by such individuals in their narratives and, at the same time, verify if and how their irregular situation interferes with their routine in the new country. In order to analyze and compare the four stories, some categories that integrate Maingueneau's Global Semantics (2005) were used: themes, vocabulary, enunciative deixis and enunciation mode. If the results reveal differences in the way of telling and evaluating the migratory experience, they also allow us to apprehend similarities, such as the primarily economic motivation to migrate, the difficulties (cultural, linguistic etc.) faced especially when arriving in the destination country and the precarious working conditions to which Brazilian migrants are submitted due to being in an irregular situation. Even though two of the interviewed subjetcts have preferred to be silent on this issue, their opinions can be implicitly identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biometric technologies using digital representations of bodily characteristics to identify individuals have become an institutionalised method of registering and recognising persons, thereby establishing their right to cross borders. Based on situated ethnographic fieldwork among tech-developers, border police, forensics, IT hacktivists and migrants, this special issue illuminates how biometric technologies are put to use and experienced by the diverse social actors who imagine and promote, develop, employ, are subjected to and attempt to circumvent such identification. In this introduction biometric identification (or IDentification) is presented as a relatively new area of investigation that has been subjected to little ethnographic scrutiny. It is argued that, while biometric technologies are promoted as enabling objective and incontestable IDentification of individuals, they are in practice embedded in specific social contexts, fraught with ambiguity and uncertainty, and dependent on substantial human interpretation and social identification. They are therefore of considerable interest and concern to anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From its origin in the nineteenth century, through the entire twentieth, ethnology was present in most continental European countries as the national science of ethnological research on the given population and territory, past and present. Countries that held colonies, however, grounded their anthropological studies entirely differently, namely, in the research of 'primitive societies'. A process of merging Anglo-American anthropology and European ethnology began after the Second World War through theoretical innovations, such as Claude Levi-Strauss' structuralism, which integrated anthropology as a scientific discipline. This was also the beginning of the integration of Europe, that is, the creation of the European Economic Community. Science has traditionally regarded Europe as a 'mental representation' or the product of a complex political-ideological or cultural conceptualization. In anthropology as elsewhere, Europe was chiefly seen either through a regional comparative approach or through various kinds of analysis of interior or transcontinental spheres of political, economic, demographic, and cultural influences. This paper will take a closer look on the recent studies of Europe, and more specifically, of European Union, through the lens of anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, cartographers and cognitive scientists have speculated about the influence of map projections on mental representations of the world. The development of Web 2.0 and web mapping services at the beginning of the 21st century—such as Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, and Baidu Map—led to an enormous spread of cartographic data, which is available to every Internet user. Nevertheless, the cartographic properties of these map services, and, in particular, the selected map projection or the Web Mercator projection, are questionable. The goal of this study is to investigate if the global-scale mental map of young people has been influenced by the increasing availability of web maps and the Web Mercator projection. An application was developed that allowed participants of Belgium and the US to scale the land area of certain countries and continents compared to Europe or the conterminous United States. The results show that the participants' estimation of the actual land area is quite accurate. Moreover, an indication of the existence of a Mercator effect could not be discovered. To conclude, the young people's mental map of the world does not appear to be influenced by a specific map projection but by personal characteristics. These elements are varied and require further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]