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Logistics managers in Europe's leading manufacturing and commercial organisations were surveyed regarding their use of third-party logistics (TPL) services. Their responses provide insights into the depth and scope of logistics outsourcing in Europe. Areas specifically addressed in the European survey include; services being used, related implementation problems, the benefits that have emerged and the impact of third-party services on costs, customer satisfaction and employees. The results indicate that logistics outsourcing, at least for basic services, has become well established in Europe. Emphasis on logistics cost reduction, service improvement and flexibility of response are at the centre of most logistics outsourcing decisions. On the downside there is a mixed response on employee morale associated with outsourcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]