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We examined associations between childlessness and voting in Europe. We used cross‐sectional European Social Survey data from 20 countries (n = 37,623). Our results suggest that there is a "childless vote" in Europe. Supporting our pre‐registered hypothesis, childless individuals voted for parties that had visibly positioned themselves at the Green‐Alternative‐Libertarian (GAL) pole of the GAL‐TAN (GAL vs. Traditional‐Authoritarian‐Nationalist) ideological dimension. The pre‐registered explorative analyses of associations between childlessness and economic left–right ideology or other policy positions of the party for which the individual had voted did not yield results. Explorative analyses suggested in the review process showed that self‐rated religiosity was independently associated with childlessness, but ideological left–right self‐placement or self‐ratings of political attitudes were not. Our results suggest a new demographic prognostic of vote choice, thus adding to the literature on demographic processes associated with political dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People align their beliefs and behaviors, including those related to health, increasingly along politically ideological lines. We investigated whether individual political orientation (PO) predicts the use of conventional (CM) and complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) across Europe. We used cross-sectional samples representative of persons aged 15 and over from 19 European countries (ESS 2015; round 7; N = 35,572). We assessed PO based on participants' vote choice in the most recent national election, using expert ratings of party positioning along five political-ideological dimensions: left-right general; left-right economic; Green/alternative/libertarian vs. Traditional/authoritarian/nationalist; anti-elite; and anti-corruption. Use of CM was defined as having consulted a general practitioner or specialist, and use of CAM as having used acupuncture, acupressure, Chinese medicine, homeopathy, herbal treatment, hypnotherapy, or spiritual healing. Participants with an anti-corruption PO were less likely to use CM and more likely to use CAM than other Europeans. Participants with a Green/alternative/libertarian PO were more likely to use CAM than others. Poorer health moderated the association between anti-corruption PO and CM, such that people in poor health tended to use CM regardless of their political leanings, but health status did not moderate the association between PO and CAM use. The results show that political and socio-cultural views are associated with how the European lay public engages with healthcare and complementary/alternative services, but the relevant boundary lines do not lie along the left-right dimension. People who preferred parties favoring expanded freedoms were more likely to use complementary/alternative services, but likely for other reasons than to seek cures for diseases in a traditional biomedical sense. Concerns about corruption among the lay public may be more relevant for conventional healthcare than has been recognized. • Political orientation predicts medical care preference. • Important differences were not found along the political left-right axis. • Voters who favor individual freedoms were more likely to use complementary medicine. • Voters of anti-corruption parties were less likely to use conventional medicine. • Voters of anti-corruption parties were more likely to use complementary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]