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Representing the modern physicians of the 19th century, Besim Ömer, although known as an obstetrician, was a specialist pediatrician, midwife trainer who taught the public about medical and sanitary conditions, a teacher who gave lessons to nurses and vaccinators. Besim Ömer, who first went to Europe during the reign of Abdülhamid II (1876-1909), then represented the Ottoman Empire many times here, tried to bring most of the experience he had gained to his country. He immortalized the experiences he lived, the advice of the physicians he worked with and took lessons, with his works written in a plain language so that the Ottoman people could benefit. In the study, the works of Physician Besim Ömer about maternal and child health in the late 19th century and the first medical yearbook, Nevsâl-i Âfiyet in four volumes, were used. In these works, Besim Omer gave the stages of nutrition and growth of a healthy individual in the aspects he learned and experienced in Europe. In this respect, many subjects are similar to those of today. For example, the emphasis and effort placed on feeding a newborn with milk and breast milk if possible in the first 6 months leads in this regard. Efforts to encourage breastfeeding, giving rewards if necessary, and the importance given to regular and healthy nutrition until the age of 2 and beyond were undoubtedly necessary for a healthier Ottoman generation, as it is today. Drawing attention to the child deaths in Europe caused by malnutrition on this issue, Ömer stated that women should be given training on the subject so that the said cases would not increase in the Ottoman Empire. Because just like in Europe, population growth and policy are important issues in the Ottoman Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]