Search

Résumé: L'étude de biosurveillance INDEX avait pour objectifs de comparer l'imprégnation en polluants atmosphériques industriels des habitants de Fos-sur-Mer avec celle des habitants d'une zone témoin (Saint-Martin-de-Crau/Mouriès), et d'étudier les déterminants de cette imprégnation. Un questionnaire a été rempli par 138 personnes (80 en zone exposée et 58 en zone témoin), chez lesquelles des prélèvements de sang et d'urine ont été effectués afin de doser divers types de polluants (métaux, polychlorobiphényle [PCB], dioxines et furanes [PCDD/F], benzène et hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques [HAP]). La majeure partie de la variation des imprégnations était expliquée par des facteurs individuels physiologiques, alimentaires, de loisir, ou encore le fait d'être un ancien fumeur. Après ajustement sur les précédents facteurs, il a toutefois été mis en évidence une imprégnation significativement plus importante à certains polluants de la population résidant à proximité des sites industriels, mais également liée à l'utilisation d'un environnement lui-même contaminé par les pollutions de l'air, du milieu marin et des sols de la zone (consommation de produits de mer locaux, pratique du jardinage et autoconsommation de légumes). Le présent article a pour vocation de présenter les résultats liés à la zone d'exposition. Ces résultats permettent de proposer de nouvelles pistes d'interprétation sur le devenir des polluants depuis l'environnement jusqu'à l'humain dans le contexte particulier de la plus grande zone industrielle d'Europe. The INDEX biomonitoring study set out to investigate whether the residents living close to the core of the largest industrial zone of Fos-sur-Mer (Bouches-du-Rhone, France) were more highly exposed to industrial atmospheric pollutants (based on serum/urine biomarker concentrations) than people living further away (Saint-Martin-de-Crau), and to study the determinants of this exposure. A questionnaire was administered to 138 subjects (80 in the exposed area and 58 in the control area) from whom blood and urine samples were collected to measure several pollutants (heavy metals, PCBs, PCDD/Fs, benzene, and PAHs). Much of the exposure variability was attributed to individual physiological factors, diet, housing characteristics, leisure activities and history of smoking. However, after adjustment for these confounders, we found that particular behaviors such as gardening, consumption of home-grown vegetables, and consumption of local seafoods were significantly associated with a higher accumulation of some pollutants among residents of the industrial port zone compared to residents living further away, as a result of their use of an environment that is itself contaminated by industrial activity. This article focuses on zone-specific results. Our findings provide clues to understanding the pathways of the pollutants and their transfer from the environment to the human body in one of the largest industrial zones in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a dendrochemical study in order to evaluate the exposure of territories and populations to different types of pollutants and to characterise the history of pollution in one of the most intensely industrialised areas of Europe: the industrial port zone of Fos, also heavily urbanised. To perform the study, two tree species have been selected, Pinus halepensis and Populus nigra, on a rural plot located roughly 20 km away from the industrial harbour, an urban plot located in the city of Fos-sur-Mer and an industrial plot. Our study indicated that poplar was a more relevant model for the dendrochemical studies, exhibiting a higher bioaccumulation capacity than pine except for Hg, Sb and Mn. Moreover, thanks to this work, we observed significant exposure of the trees in the urban and industrial areas to As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Sb, Zn, Al, Ca, and Mg, highlighting the exposure of the territory and populations living in the vicinity of the industrial harbour. The temporal variability of the concentrations measured in the tree rings corresponds to the increasing industrialisation of the territory as well as to the evolution of the industrial processes. Thus, this project highlighted the exposure of the Gulf of Fos to atmospheric emissions (industrial, road and urban) of the industrial harbour as well as the changes over time. It also pointed out the relevance of using dendrochemistry to measure atmospheric exposure of metals and metalloids and its temporal variability., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)