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The article presents an overview of the commercial policy and commodities in Europe. It offers information on the exports and imports of several products and commodities of the region. It presents the free trade and industrial progress of several countries in Europe. Moreover, it features the free trading of commercial and manufacturing industries in the region.

Chapter XIV of the book "Marston: Or, the Memoirs of a Statesman," by George Croly is presented. It states about Europe as a continent with powerful defense forces citing the powerful army of Valenciennes, France. It explores the significance of diplomacy, and relates it to behavior of soldiers from various European countries. Moreover, it mentions about the importance of nobility.

The article focuses on Servia, an isolated province of the Ottoman empire and is considered as the youngest member of the European family. It mentions that the Servian territory extends a hundred from east to west with a peasantry drawing a high prize in the chance of existence. The national character of Servia is compared to that of the Scotch Highlander that shows little ability for trade and slow in agricultural pursuits.

The article focuses on the crusades conducted in the early centuries of mankind. The author mentions that the crusades form the true heroic era of Europe, citing the fourth crusade under Enrico Dandolo, establishing the Christian community in Constantinople. The author also states that the crusades decided the fate of Palestine as well as the Christian community.

The article offers information on the rind of oranges. It explores the origin countries of orange and its export in Europe. It notes the uses of the fruit's rind such as an additive of various beverages and an ingredient for making candies. Meanwhile, the growing and harvesting season of oranges are mentioned.

The article offers the author's insights on the European race. The author says that the European race had been called to nation-making, given its experience of past generations and fruitful history. The author also argues that the European race as laborer is worthy to work for itself. The author also explores the Social Compact theory relative to nation-building.

The article offers the author's insights on domestic service, particularly in European countries including England, Germany, and Ireland, as of 1864. It states that the chief evils that should be considered on the part of households include wastefulness, ignorance, and pertness. It says that all housekeepers should have observed the existence of intercommunication among servant classes, especially among the Irish.

The article reports on the progress of the electric telegraph in the world. It reports on the rapid extension of the electric telegraph from Europe to Africa and Asia. It However states the extension of the electric telegraph is destined to show greater advancement in the future. It reports on the project carried out by the Western Union Extension Telegraph Co., which embraces the construction of a line of telegraph.

The article presents information on socio-political conditions of several countries across the world. The African American success in assuming a prominent position in the political arena seems to be in the inverse ratio of the earnestness with which it is sought to suppress him and put him out of sight. Everybody is heartily tired of discussing his condition and his rights, and yet little else is talked about, and none talk about him so much as those who are most convinced of his insignificance. The news from Europe is unimportant, unless people except the doubt which rest upon Napoleon's course in regard to Mexico.

This article focuses on the democratic nationality. In Europe the idea of national polity is most nearly approached in the British Constitution; where, though the forms of royalty are still maintained, Parliament is omnipotent; and the voice of the. Commons, swollen by the voice of popular assemblies outside of Parliament, makes the nation felt as a power, though the people are still limited in suffrage, and though land, office, and social consideration are largely monopolized by the nobility. In Germany the full realization of nationality is still hindered by vicious and cumbersome political divisions, making the states a pasture ground for petty princes; while France vibrates from the extreme of popular sovereignty to that of imperial absolutism. Nevertheless the tendency of the modern period of society with which we stand connected is toward nationalization, and against either a feudal federation or a despotic centralization.

The article presents information about some recent books, literary materials and their publication. It says that no late American book has been received with such frank cordiality by English reviewers as D.W. Mitchel's "Wet Days at Edgewood With Old Farmers, Old Gardeners, and Old Pastorals" reprinted in London by Low & Co. The book tells the tale of agricultural enterprise from the earliest date in the history of rural economy. An example of French conjectural etymology occurs in the statistical work, "Annuaire des Sociétés Savantes de la France et de I'Etranger" that intended to contain lists of the members of all the learned societies of Europe.

The meeting of the British Association for 1865 was commenced September 6, at Birmingham, and was attended by an unprecedented number of members, including many of the distinguished geographers and travellers of different countries of Europe. The first day was occupied by the ceremonies of opening the Central Free Library of the city, after a breakfast at the Mayor's of above two hundred savans. E. Youmans and party were present from the United States. The president, in his address, spoke of Birmingham as the place where Priestley analyzed the air and Watt obtained the mastery over steam, and of the society as uniting fresh discoveries and new inventions with the solid and venerable truths treasured and taught in academic halls and colleges.

It was well known that the journal "The Nation," was, when started, essentially an experiment. Journals of a similar character had been tried and had succeeded in Europe, but the idea that there was enough interest felt here in literature or in art to support paper mainly devoted to the discussion of literary and art topics, or that there existed what economists call an effective demand for any more careful or more general discussion of political news than writers of the daily press working between dusk and dawn were able to supply, was scouted by many. The journal "The Nation," has now outlived a great deal of misunderstanding. Whether they think it good, bad, or indifferent, most people know what it is aiming at, and are able to state pretty clearly why they like or dislike it.

The terror of coming war; which was hanging over Europe a fortnight ago, has pretty nearly vanished. Apparently neither France nor Prussia, at the bottom of their hearts, have the faintest desire to measure forces with each other or with any body else. The rejoicing solemnities of Easter have been kept with much éclat both by the Russians and Poles resident. The Polish ceremony of the "Bénit," which celebrates Easter Monday, consists in the setting out of a collation, to which all come who please. There must be upon the table a sucking pig, roasted whole, and one or two other traditional delicacies, but the rest of the dishes are optional.

This article compares the quality of journals of Europe and the U.S. So far as a journal is made, good by its editorial writing, European journals are, no doubt, better than American. There is as little doubt, that so far as the goodness of a journal depends on the labors of reporters and collectors of news American papers are superior to those of the older countries. The Times of New York will admit itself behind the Times of London, so far as concerns the production of able article in politics.

The article presents an overview of several literary publications. The literature of the religious press certainly furnishes now and again some things that are amazing. Messrs. Tinsley & Co., of London, have reprinted a series of letters written for the Times by a gentleman who made for that paper a study of the state of religious thought in Germany. Among noteworthy scientific works of recent publication in. Europe, "Travels in the Philippine Islands," by Prof. Semper. The author spent seven years of study and. research among these islands, whose fauna had already been described by Cuming.

This article focuses on various political issues around the world. The question which has been raised in the discussion about the cession of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany, whether, even supposing the inhabitants were not wholly French in feeling, France could defend her unwillingness to surrender them on the ground of prescription, can hardly yet be said to be a practical one, as far as the present war is concerned. The controversy which has been raging for some months between the New York papers about the ownership of the telegrams received from certain correspondents at the scene of hostilities in Europe, is, perhaps, except the great increase in the consumption of lager-beer, the most curious incident of the war on this side of the ocean. It is, of course, very unfortunate that so valuable an officer as secretary Jacob Dolson Cox should resign his place in the cabinet, but it would be still more unfortunate if the public were left in ignorance of, or under any misapprehension about, the cause of his resignation.

The Eastern question has appeared and disappeared on the political horizon like a meteor. It, however, appears to me that humiliating terms like those imposed upon Russia by the Paris, France treaty should not be forced on a great power, and that, if it be done, we cannot expect anything else than that they will be repudiated at the earliest favorable moment. Such a moment had flow come for Russia by the defeat of France. English as well as other papers have asserted that Russia had acted in concert with Prussia.

The article presents information on several socio-political issues. In his method for administering this legislative justice, George Chorpenning had hit on a remedy which served his purposes so well. His first bill, was the infamous Democratic Congress. English and German papers are full of "The Autumn Maneuvers," or, in other words, of the movements of armies engaged in mimic war, for the purpose of exercising the officers in strategy and tactics and the men in marching and encamping and doing outpost duty. The practice was begun by the Prussians some years ago, but has, within the last three, come into general use all over Europe.

It is perhaps idle to make any conjectures on the results of the interview of the three Emperors in Berlin, Germany; and it is a remarkable fact that so far nothing has transpired of the conversations held. between the three sovereigns and their ministers. The secret has been so well kept that journalists have been thrown back on their imagination and their instinct. For the present day, it may be said that the moral director and ruler of European politics, the arbiter of the European Continent, is Prince Otto von Bismarck. Whatever was done and said at Berlin was said and done under his influence and under his control. The key of the interview of the three Emperors must, therefore, be sought in the character and opinions of Prince Bismarck himself. Bismarck, who knows all the forces of the times, had secured many allies in the press of Vienna, Austria. Some of the leading papers of the Austrian capital are more Prussian than the papers of Berlin. The Jews, who are very numerous in Vienna, and very influential, are all his allies, as Bismarck represents in their eyes the cause of religious freedom.

The article presents information about the trade and finance in the U.S., as of July 21, 1873. The week in Wall Street has been quite active, especially in the Stock Exchange, where the recent change in the management of the Lake Shore road has imparted fresh activity to that stock, and led to enlarged dealings in Central and Hudson. The money market has remained quiet, with the rate three to four per cent. Commercial paper is in good demand and at low rates. Prime names having a short time to run have been negotiated as low as 5 1/2 per cent. Paper having over three months to run passes less freely and at higher rates, according to the standing of the makers, varying from 6 to 7 per cent. The weekly statement of the Clearing-House banks on Saturday was unfavorable, and the loss of $2,384,400 in specie reflects the outflow to Europe.

The article focuses on various literary materials. Some of these are as, "The Works of Sheridan," by James P. Browne, "Pen Pictures of Europe," by Elizabeth Peake; "Our British Portrait Painters," by Edmund Oilier and "Pictures by Clarkson Stanfield," by James Daffarue. A ceremony highly characteristic of New England life took place last week in the pleasant town of Concord. A writer in the Hartford Gourant has recently been examining the Connecticut colonial records covering a period from May, 1726, to May, 1735, and some of the things which struck his attention are interesting and suggestive. The war with France had the usual effect in Prussia of increasing the emigration to foreign countries.

This article focuses on developments in publishing sector. Mr. C.C. Fulton's recent letters from abroad to his' paper, the Baltimore American, are to be collected in book-form under the title "Europe Viewed Through American Spectacles," and published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. The same house announces also "The Border-Land of Science,' by Richard A. Proctor; a "Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, and Schools of Thought," by various writers, edited by John Henry Blunt, already editor of the useful "Dictionary of Doctrinal and Historical Theology;" a "History of French Literature," adapted from the French of Demogeot by Christina Bridge.

The government of France had been very severe towards the foreign press. A Vienna paper, the most important organ of Austrian journalism, the "Neue Freie Presse," was prohibited in France, probably on account of its extraordinary zeal on behalf of activist M. Thiers. An article titled "Retrospective View of the Berlin Interview, by a German Diplomat" focuses on a Prusso-Russian alliance. German diplomat Otto Furst von Bismarck felt that Russia had been injured by Europe, harshly treated and outlawed. However, this alliance is gradually losing its force.

Several letters to the editor are presented about several topics including one on a Castle in Croatia, one about a relic of a cross made from the wood of the ship Constitution, and another on their kitten named Tommy Milo.

The article presents information about new developments related to politics, business and health care in several countries. The Philadelphia Record, a paper having a very large circulation, publishes a new railroad story about Mr. James Blaine, U.S. statesman, which, it says, comes from an officer of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company. The situation of business in the U.S. is more encouraging than it has been at any time during the present year, but this result has been achieved rather by a lessening of the means of production than by increased demand. The latest information received respecting the course of the cholera in Europe indicates that the disease, if not diminishing, is certainly not progressing in a manner to give new grounds for alarm.

The article presents information on various books. "China: A Study of its Civilization and Possibilities," by James Harrison Wilson is a commentary on the progress in China. He believes that China need suffer from no fear of over-population, as the soil is able to support treble the present number of people. "The Chief Periods of European History," by Edward A. Freeman are essays on the problems of European history. "A Contribution to the Bibliography and Literature of Newport," by Charles E. Hammett, reflects the credit on the local press and it is altogether a marked event in the literary history of Newport.

This article focuses on several socio-political issues as of 1887. The reception at Montgomery, Alaska, on Thursday was the last formal event of the U.S. President Grover Cleveland's trip, and Mr. and Mrs. Cleveland are now back in the White House, after a three weeks' absence. Problems of international traffic in Europe are becoming almost as important as those of inter-State traffic in America. They present much greater difficulties, owing to the absence of any controlling power to which the different parties can appeal. But in spite of this fundamental, trouble, and in spite of the many hindrances due to difference of language and character, much progress has already been made towards uniformity.

This article reports on political developments in the year 1887. The conduct of the foreign-born Anarchists in declaring war against society, and of the Knights of Labor in trying to set up an organization which was to overshadow both the Federal and State authorities, and substitute a government by strikes and boycotts for that of the Constitution and the laws, has naturally excited a good deal of interest in the possibility of sifting the immigrants from Europe, so as to let in none but such as are likely to prove good citizens. Home-rulers all over the country, in village Liberal associations as well as in higher political circles, are making up their minds to a patient struggle, which may be of some duration.

This article focuses on various political issues in the U.S. and Europe. The renomination of U.S. President Stephen Cleveland by the National Convention of his party has been so much expected, and so little doubtful at any time, that criticism and comment are for the most part-superfluous. The nomination of Allen G. Thurman for vice-president illustrates anew the weakness of electoral system in the U.S., so far as it affects that office. The political aspect of Europe has not been for many years as dark as it is now, and the uncertainty of the future is greater than is ever known. This uncertainty is owing to several causes, but the most important of all is probably the sudden and unexpected development of a crisis in France which is as mysterious in its causes as it is in its character.

Presents letters to the editor. Discussion on callous conscience among people of literary appreciation in Virginia; Opinion of Europeans on the Pan-American Congress held in 1889; Information on how oaths were multiplied in Europe.

This article comments on several topics related to the United States politics and government. The preparations for war have never been greater than they are now all over Europe, even the neutral Powers have been roused from a long inertia, and are transforming their armaments, building fortifications, and reorganizing their armies. Belgium covers the line of the Meuse with forts, and Switzerland is building immense arsenals and new military roads. The difficulty between Portugal and Great Britain which was so summarily terminated, began by the publication, in the Lisbon "Official Gazette," of a royal decree placing under Portuguese administration a vast territory in the interior of Africa, both north and south of the Zambesi to which the Portuguese Government gave the name of Zumbo.

This article reports on developments in the field of politics. The deadlock in the Iowa Legislature, which had lasted nearly six weeks, ended in an arrangement under which the Democrats get the Speakership, and the Republicans the control of the most important committees. It is becoming a very serious question in European politics whether France and England will accede to the German Emperor's suggestion for a joint conference on the labor question. The Emperor wants to lessen the hours of labor and otherwise improve the condition of factory operatives, but the owners tell him that they cannot.

The article presents information about socialistic tendencies emerging in the European countries. Socialism has been chiefly a revolutionary and destructive force, there were, it is true, some schools of socialism which professed that society could be peacefully and systematically reorganized, and bad elaborate plans for the happiness and the salvation of the world. These schools are nearly forgotten; few people care nowadays for the doctrines of Saint-Simon, of Fourier, of Considérant. Revolutionary socialism Is a mysterious force, which endangers the political and social fabric of all countries. It has negative rather than positive doctrines; its army is formed of all those who think that they have been robbed of the natural inheritance of man.

Europe is at peace, but the Eastern Question survives to plague European diplomacy, and ominous mutterings from the Balkan Peninsula reach us in fragmentary cable reports of a plot to overthrow Ferdinand of Bulgaria. Russia, in winning Austria over to her definition of the term " Nihilist," has thus virtually secured a vindication of her course in the Lutzki affair, which during the last few weeks has been so much discussed in the European papers. The fall of the Servian Ministry was brought about by the opposition of the Radicals to the press law which the Minister of the Interior, M. Gyaya, himself a former Radical, urged the Skupshtina to pass.

The article reports on political developments around the world. The London Economist is of the opinion that no large part of the gold exported from the United States to Europe this year will be returned this fall, even though the balance of trade may seem to require it. The reason why it holds this opinion is that it is not needed here. The peaceful ending of the trouble between the Tennessee miners and the State Government is upon the whole creditable to both parties. The Government will enforce the objectionable law, but it is understood that an extra session of the Legislature is to he called at which the repeal of the law will take place, the miners thus obtaining eventually all that they have claimed.

The article focuses on political and economic conditions in the U.S. The continued importation of gold, which already reaches $10,000,000, makes it interesting to inquire how American account is competent with Europe, stands during a series of years. The one issue in the New York campaign which is defined with perfect clearness is that of ballot reform. Both parties have stated their attitude towards that question with a plainness which is not to be mistaken. The new Constitution in Mississippi makes the right to vote depend upon the payment of a poll tax several months before election and ability to read or to understand the Constitution itself. Although the Negroes largely outnumber the whites, so few of them cared enough about the suffrage to pay the poll tax that the operation of this clause alone gives the whites a large majority of the names on the list.

The article presents information on various socio-political developments around the world. U.S. President Benjamin Harrison, has once more earned the hearty commendation of the nation by the excellence of his judicial appointments. The last U.S. Congress required him to man a new court of appellate judges, and the nomination's for six of the places which he sent to the U.S. Senate on Wednesday week fully sustain the reputation which he had previously established for the exercise of uncommon discrimination. In another development, commercial treaties recently negotiated in such a way as to cover a large part of Europe, come as a striking fulfillment of a prediction made more than two years ago by an Italian economist.

This article focuses on the book "Pitt," by Lord Rosebery. Lord Rosebery has perhaps had the benefit of both these sentiments. His work, however, if not masterly, is thoroughly clever. It shows, as might be expected, parliamentary experience and familiarity with political and diplomatic history. Lord Rosebery does not note the European significance of Pitt's figure as one of that group of reformers before the French Revolution upon which history looks back with a wistful eye. Pitt looked forward to a long reign of peace, and to such a reduction of taxation as would have enabled him to abolish customs duties and thereby probably to open an era of free trade to mankind.

The article discusses the book "Memoirs of Talleyrand." The book, which has been expected with a morbid curiosity for half a century, has appeared and truth obliges me to state that modern public has received the book coldly. There are many reasons for it. The reading public has been saturated with politics and the book is chiefly, almost entirely, political. It deals with a Europe, which exists no more, with a political equilibrium, which is come to an end. People expected revelations about dictator Napoleon Bonaparte and his family, about many important personages of the Empire and of the Restoration.

This article presents information on the book "Relation des Missions Scientifiques de MM. H Hyvernat et P Muller-Simonis (1888-1889)," by P. Muller-Simons. The author of this books describes that the English consuls in Armenia M. Simons characterizes as mere valets of the Turkish authorities. They made a flying trip to the ruins of Babylon, and then, in the latter part of January, 1889, took ship for India on their way back to Europe. The scientific Part of the mission seems to have consisted in the attempt to find and copy more of the ancient Vannic cuneiform inscriptions, of which sixty-eight had already been published.

The article discusses the civilization of the city of Leyden in Western Netherlands. Few cities in Europe are more interesting to the historical student than that in which the founders of New England received their political training. Here, during ten years of peace, in the truce between the little fighting republic and giant Spain, dwelt the Pilgrim Fathers. Here they saw, under their own eyes and in actual working, political principles and institutions which they transplanted to virgin shores and a larger field. Here one finds abundant and overwhelming evidence of the existence centuries before their arrival, of things which our local writers of American history imagine wore "invented " in New England.

The article discusses several issues related to finance from different countries of the world. It is conceded by all financiers that the monetary condition in Europe is abnormal; the scramble for gold is acute and universal. Nations with good credit, alike with nations whose currency is on a paper basis, join in the efforts to get gold and to hoard it. London, England is the money clearing-house for the commercial world, and London, watching the battle now going on among Continental nations, has been carefully guarding her metal treasure. All knots come to the comb, and the Giolitti comb has got entangled in a number at the same time. Ever since the forced circulation of paper money, the banks of issue, especially the Tuscan and the Roman, have had their troubles, which have been from time to time staved off. There are two distinct parties in Italy on banking questions, the one advocating a single bank, the other that all banks are allowed to issue notes on their own account and responsibility.