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Islam, Ethnicity, and Conflict in Ethiopia: The Bale Insurgency, 1963-1970 by Terje Østebø Accordingly, as Østebø notes in this book, insurgencies in southeast Ethiopia were more influenced by "secular Arab nationalism and pan-Arabism" than by Islamic revivalism (245). In this concluding section, Østebø includes a consideration of the "relevance of class in relation to religion and ethnicity", arguing that "interpretations that favor and isolate one of these categories at the expense of the other inevitably bring forth a one-sided and incomplete picture" (259). [Extracted from the article]