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Digitalization has brought ease in managing the operations of organizations in the world. However, education and digital literacy become hurdles for involving marginalized people. The participation of women is crucial for the overall development of humankind. "Gender equality and women's empowerment are essential for achieving sustainable development and creating a more just and equitable world"[1]. Indeed, greater women's participation can significantly boost qualitative and quantitative output in all fields. Promoting women's participation in rural areas can significantly impact agricultural economies, including increasing food production and dairy output. However, the participation of women in decision-making, particularly in rural areas, is often limited. This paper focuses on Identifying and analyzing the factors that prevent women from playing a more significant role in rural economies, which is an essential step towards promoting women's economic empowerment and achieving more equitable and sustainable development outcomes in the digital era. The study's finding suggests that education levels, lack of adequate training, and household work are key factors that limit the participation of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The incidence of a pressure ulcer in intensive care units (ICU) is significantly higher than in noncritical care settings. The patients in the ICU are the most vulnerable group to disruption of the skin's integrity. Prior studies in Ethiopia failed to evaluate pressure ulcers in intensive care units and were limited to general wards. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and predictors of pressure ulcers in adult patients admitted to intensive care units in Southern Ethiopia. Methods. A single-arm prospective open cohort of 216 patients was used to determine the presence of a pressure ulcer in the intensive care units from June 2021 to April 2022. A consecutive sampling was used until the sample size was reached. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata 14. A cumulative incidence of a pressure ulcer was computed. The life table was used to estimate the cumulative survival. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify independent predictors of a pressure ulcer. An adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% CI was used to measure the degree of association; a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Twenty-five patients developed a pressure ulcer (PU), making a cumulative incidence of 11.57%. Out of 25 incident cases of pressure ulcers, four-fifths (80%) of the study patients developed PU within 6 days of their admission to the ICUs. The incidence rate was 32.98 PU per 1000 person-days of ICU stay. Pressure ulcers were most commonly found on the sacrum, followed by the shoulder. Among the incident cases, 52% were stage 2 ulcers. The presence of friction or shearing forces, as well as being 40 years of age or older, was independently associated with pressure ulcers. Conclusion. The overall cumulative incidence of the pressure ulcer was lower than that in other studies but occurred at a faster rate. Age (40 years of age or older) and the presence of friction or shearing forces were the main predictors of pressure ulcers in the intensive care units. Therefore, nurses working in ICUs should continually anticipate the risk of a pressure ulcer. Moreover, special attention should be given to patients of advanced ages. Furthermore, monitoring the installation of a mattress, keeping bed linens unwrinkled, and keeping patients in a proper position on a bed to prevent or reduce friction or shearing forces are very crucial in the prevention of pressure ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health disorders have been identified as being one of the public health issues throughout the world. More than 24 million people worldwide suffer from schizophrenia. However, there is little information about the attitude toward people with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed to assess attitudes toward people with Schizophrenia and associated factors among residents of Hossana town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches among 417 households and three FGDs. The interviewer-administered standard tool was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and median are computed. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting community perception and attitude toward people with schizophrenia. Results: Of the study participants, 194 (46.5%) had positive attitudes toward people with schizophrenia. Eccentric behavior and wandering were the most commonly mentioned manifestation. Besides, Substance misuse, loss of loved ones, and conflict with family as the perceived cause, and spiritual or traditional methods as the preferred treatment for people with schizophrenia. Moreover, participants with no family history of schizophrenia were six times [6.3(2.55–15.77)] more likely to develop a negative attitude towards schizophrenia than those with a family history of schizophrenia. Conclusion: In this study, the findings of this study indicate more than half of the participants had a negative attitude toward people with schizophrenia. Eccentric behavior and wandering were the most commonly mentioned manifestation. Substance misuse, loss of loved ones, and conflict with family have been perceived causes of schizophrenia. Spiritual/traditional places were preferred places for the treatment. Having a family history of schizophrenia was the only factor associated with attitude towards schizophrenia. Therefore, due attention should be given to changing negative attitudes towards schizophrenia, reducing potential schizophrenia-predisposing factors, and enhancing community awareness to seek medical help as early as possible when such kinds of events occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common bean is the crop used as food, feed, and to improve soil fertility. However, the production and productivity were affected by poor nutrition and fertilizer management, inappropriate interrow spacings, and the poor genetic makeup of the crops in Ethiopia. Hence, a study was conducted in two research stations at Arsi Negele and Melkasa Agricultural Research Center (MARC), during 2019 cropping season. The treatments consisted of three interrow spacings (30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm) and three common bean varieties (Dame, SER-119, and KAT-B9) combined in a factorial arrangement laid out in the field using (randomized complete block design) RCBD with three replications. Data on growth and yield parameters obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. Regarding the interaction effect, leaf area, number of seed pods−1, and grain yield were significantly influenced by the interrow spacings and common bean varieties at both locations. Plant height, number of pods plant−1, total dry biomass, leaf area index, hundred seed weight, and harvest index were significantly influenced by the interrow spacings and common bean varieties at Arsi Negele, whereas they were nonsignificant for MARC. In this study, the highest grain yields (2.23 and 2.17 tons/ha) were obtained from narrow interrow spacings (30 and 40 cm) combined with variety SER-119 at both locations. Hence, the highest net benefits (30848.7 and 29970.4 ETB) were obtained from SER-119 (30 cm × 10 cm, and 40 cm × 10 cm) at Arsi Negele and MARC, respectively. It was recommended that the narrow (30 cm) interrow spacing be used with variety SER-119 for common bean production in the study areas and similar agro-ecologies. On the other hand, the use of wider interrow spacings (40 cm or 50 cm) had a significant importance in improving hundred seed weight, seed quality, and disease incidences of common bean varieties at the given studied sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a review of 26 articles published between 2009 and 2021 to determine human-wildlife conflict based on spatial and temporal patterns, biological components, drivers of conflict, and mitigation methods used. We employed search, synthesis, appraisal, and analysis framework for review and VOSviewer software for network analysis. We included articles that only focused on relations between terrestrial wildlife and humans, while others deal with ecology, distribution, and biology of wildlife because it does not go with HWC. Forty-seven species of terrestrial vertebrates were reported in conflict-related studies, being Bovidae and Cercopithecidae the most frequently studied groups, of which eleven are found in threatened list species. The main drivers reported were land use change, proximity to protected areas, and illegal resource exploitation. In the management case, the use of traditional protection techniques such as fencing, guarding, and physical barriers was reported. About 178 keywords' analysis revealed a focus on "coexistence," "mitigation," and "food security." The literature focused mainly on larger mammals, led by Ethiopian authors, and excluded the social dimensions of HWC. Therefore, identifying conflict-prone species focuses on the social dimensions of coexistence, such as human attitudes towards terrestrial wildlife, and broadening the taxonomic and cultural breadth of HWC is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every community has its own indigenous institutions meant to deal with its social, political, economic and peacemaking endeavors. Focus of this article is Asha indigenous conflict resolution institution of the Me'en community. For the studied community, Asha, signifies a payment for 'blood' and exhibits ritual restitution. Ritual restitution within Asha is administered by ritual chiefs known as Komoruts. Objective of this article is exploring the Asha approach for conflict resolution. To realize this objective, the researcher employed qualitative research design enhanced with twelve key-informant interview and two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Built up on such data, findings of the study revealed four conclusions. First, irrespective of the fact that Asha is an approach owned by Me'en communities, adjoining communities abide by it. Secondly, Asha is the only approach potent to solve conflicts that end up with human demise. Thirdly, notwithstanding the endeavor by local and regional governments to make Asha compatible with notion of human right principles, there is trivial acceptance by the study community members, especially by lowlanders. Fourthly, the research finding unpacked that Asha has weakness when it comes to promoting human right of the teenage girl given for reconciliation. Additionally, Asha also botched to respect due process of law. Generally speaking, the article concluded that Asha is as a doubled edged sword, vivacious and viral. On one side, Asha is the only approach for restoring broken social relationships and reconciling conflict cases that end up with human demise. On the other side, Asha is an approach that contravenes human right of the teenage girl. In glimpse of these, the researcher recommends neither deserting nor romanticizing Ethiopian indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms such as Asha without further research and remedial measures to make them compatible with Universal Human Right principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a continuous problem in the world and has a significant impact on both human and wildlife populations. This study was conducted to investigate the HWC around Belo-Bira Forest, Dawro zone, southwestern Ethiopia. We collected data from October 2019 to March 2020 through semistructured questionnaires, focus group discussion, direct observation, and key informant interviews. Our results show that crop damage and livestock predation were common problems caused by Papio anubis, Cercopithecus aethiops, Crocuta crocuta, Canis aureus, and Potamochoerus larvatus. Human population growth, habitat disturbance, proximity to natural forest, and competition between wildlife and livestock are the identified causes of HWC. Moreover, the study identified guarding and fencing as dominant traditional methods used to reduce HWC in our study area. Therefore, local communities can minimize crop loss by using the most effective method in an area, and crops such as wheat, maize, and teff should not be grown near the forest edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study was designed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH). Method: Hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on healthcare professionals of HFSUH. Based on purposive sampling technique, all eligible healthcare professionals (nurses, physicians and pharmacists) were involved in the study. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. The test of association of selected categorical variables were done using cross tabulation and Pearson Chi-square test. Result: Our study indicated that about 297 participants provided their response to the distributed questionnaires which makes the response rate 91.4%. Of the total healthcare professionals involved in the study, 99 (33.6%) of them were able to understand the difference between adverse drug reaction (ADR) and side effects, of which pharmacists were significantly reported (95.24%, P<0.05). About 175(59.3%) of the respondents engaged in the study were reportedly knew the national ADR reporting system in Ethiopia. On the other hand, 181(61.36%) of the participants were recognized the presence of ADR reporting form while 114 (38.64%) of the respondents had no any information about its presence in the country. Conclusion: The study revealed that a gap in knowledge, awareness and practice of healthcare professionals on ADR reporting. Therefore, specific strategies should be designed in order to improve awareness, knowledge and practice of healthcare professionals to tackle issue related to under-reporting of ADR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is nontherapeutic surgical modification of the female genitalia. It is an ancient tradition in large parts of Africa, including Ethiopia, especially in the eastern part of the country. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, perceptions, perpetuators, reasons for conducting FGM, and factors associated with this practice with regard to women's health. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional house-to-house interviews were conducted during 2008 among 858 females of reproductive age (15-49 years), in Kersa district, East Hararge, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Proportions and Chi-square tests were used to describe the data and logistic regression was used to describe statistical associations. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: FGM was reported to be known by 327 (38.5%) of the interviewees. The majority (n = 249, 76.1%) reported that local healers were the main performers of FGM, and 258 (78.9%) respondents stated that the clitoris was the part removed during circumcision. The main reason for the practice of FGM was reduction of female sexual hyperactivity (reported by 198 women [60.3%]). Circumcision of daughters was reported by 288 (88.1%) respondents, and this showed a statistically significant association with the Christian religion (P = 0.003), illiteracy (P = 0.01), and Amhara ethnicity (P = 0.012). The majority of the respondents (792, 92.3%) were themselves circumcised and 68.8% did not know of any health-related problems associated with FGM. Conclusion: In spite of FGM being a common practice in the study area, only one third of the respondents stated that they knew about it. Local healers were the main performers of FGM. Some of the women knew about the negative reproductive health effects of FGM and some had also experienced these themselves. However, only a few had tried to stop the practice and the majority had taken no steps to do so. This may be attributable to the fear of becoming alienated from the cultural system and fear of isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our precipitation isotope data shows the need for high-frequency spatial sampling. • Daily δ18O precip values decrease by >8‰ synchronously at 3 stations in August 2013. • The northwestern highland stations show similar seasonal trends in δ18O precip. • Seasonality of δ18O precip at Jijiga is less distinct than in northwest highlands. • Storm intensity and convection likely explain seasonal isotope variations. Stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) and deuterium (δ2H) in precipitation are used as tracers of the hydrologic cycle in studies of both past and present climate. In Ethiopia, a drought sensitive region where direct observations of climate are limited, understanding the stable isotopic composition of precipitation can provide an integrated view of the hydroclimate today and help interpret records of climate variability in the past. To date, the isotopic composition of precipitation in Ethiopia is known primarily from monthly precipitation collections from one long-term monitoring station in Addis Ababa. Here we report δ18O and δ2H values of precipitation from a 16-month long sampling campaign at four stations in Ethiopia that represent different climate regimes. Precipitation samples collected at daily, weekly and monthly intervals between August 2012 and November 2013 at these stations exhibit a large range of δ18O (−12.6 to +10.3‰), δ2H (−91.8‰ to +80.8‰), and d-excess values (−9.9‰ to +29.9‰). The four stations have similar amount-weighted mean δ18O values, but exhibit different seasonal patterns in δ18O values as clearly shown in daily and weekly data. The most striking feature of this dataset is the synchronous decrease in δ18O values in daily and weekly precipitation samples from the three stations in the northwestern highlands (Gondar, Debre Markos, Jimma) during the first three weeks of August 2013. This decrease in δ18O values does not correlate strongly to precipitation amount but it is likely due to a combination of increased storm intensity and deep convection at the time of lower δ18O values of precipitation. Our high-resolution dataset provides new insights into the controls on the isotopic composition of rainfall in Ethiopia and how we might use it to understand hydroclimate variability today and in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]