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The people of Estonia, who until their independence had been systematically deprived of all forms of information, have shown a ready acceptance of the use of information technology in all areas of life. This environment and an excellent IT infrastructure have since the beginning of the new century provided favourable conditions for developing various individual projects in telemedicine. At the core of current telemedical applications in Estonia is the BITNET Project (in neurology, general medicine), built up with Swedish cooperation, and three German-Estonian projects (in telecardiology and telepathology). These projects are accompanied by studies of their cost-effectiveness. They constitute the basis for the plan that routine telemedical services be taken over by the Estonian health insurance. Differing from the situation in the Scandinavian countries, which have had an effective national telemedical service for over ten years, the special feature of telematrics in Estonia is its international networking with foreign centres of excellence. This has its origin in the aim of Estonian health policy to ensure medical services within its own country in all branches of medicine.