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Objectives: Menopause contributes to weight gain in women. We explored factors associated with obesity in women with HIV aged 45-60 years., Methods: The present study is an analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire and clinic data from the Positive Transitions Through the Menopause (PRIME) Study. We categorized body mass index (BMI) as normal/underweight (< 25 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m 2 ) and obese (> 30 kg/m 2 ). We used logistic regression to explore demographic, social, lifestyle and clinical factors associated with BMI., Results: We included 396 women in this analysis. Median age was 49 years [interquartile range (IQR): 47-52]. Most (83.6%) were not UK-born; the majority (69.4%) were black African (BA). Median (IQR) BMI was 28.6 (24.6-32.6) kg/m 2 ; and 110 (27.8%), 127 (32.1%) and 159 (40.1%) of the women were normal/underweight, overweight and obese, respectively. Median (IQR) BMI did not differ in pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women (p = 0.90). In univariable analysis, being non-UK-born was associated with BMI > 30 kg/m 2 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-3.53]. Compared with BA women, women of other black ethnicities were more likely to be obese (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.02-5.50) whereas white British women were less likely to be obese (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.68). Current smoking and increasing number of comorbid conditions were associated with increased BMI. We found no association between obesity and socioeconomic status. On multivariable analysis, only ethnicity remained associated with obesity (compared with BA: white British, OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.68; other black, OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.07-5.82)., Conclusions: Nearly two-fifths of women had BMI > 30 kg/m 2 . Obesity was associated with black ethnicities but not with menopausal status. The combination of obesity and HIV may place women at increased risk of co-morbidities, requiring tailored and culturally appropriate interventions., (© 2022 The Authors. HIV Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British HIV Association.)

Objective: We aimed to describe the prevalence of various mental health symptoms according to menopausal status (pre, peri, post) among women living with HIV ages 45-60 in England, and to identify groups of women with similar general and menopause-related mental health symptoms. We then investigated demographic predictors of group-membership and group differences in HIV-related care outcomes (antiretroviral therapy adherence, HIV clinic attendance, CD4-count, and last HIV viral load)., Methods: An analysis of cross-sectional data from the Positive Transitions through Menopause study, an observational study of the health and well-being impacts of menopause on 869 women with HIV aged 45-60 years. Self-reported data on eight mental health indicators were collected from women in pre-, peri- and post-menopausal state using validated measures. Groups (termed "classes") of women with similar mental health symptoms were derived via latent class analysis. Class membership was linked to demographic factors using nominal logistic regression, and to clinical outcomes using Wald tests., Results: We identified five classes: 1) few mental health symptoms (n = 501, 57.8%); 2) high current anxiety/depression (n = 120, 13.8%); 3) history of depression, with elevated current substance use (n = 40, 4.6%); 4) history of depression with current psychological menopause symptoms (n = 81, 9.3%); and 5) high previous and concurrent mental health problems (n = 125, 14.4%). University attendance, ethnicity, and longer time since HIV diagnosis predicted class membership. Antiretroviral therapy adherence was lower in classes 3 (11%), 4 (19%) and 5 (24%) compared to class 1 (4%; all P<0.001). Members of class 5 were more likely to have missed ≥1 HIV clinic appointment in the past year than those in class 1 (34% vs 17%, P = 0.005)., Conclusions: Women with a history of depression, current anxiety/depression, and current menopause-related mental health symptoms were more likely to have poorer clinical outcomes. Although we cannot comment on causality, our findings highlight the importance of assessing and managing menopausal symptoms and mental health to improve well-being and engagement in HIV care., Competing Interests: Funding/support: The PRIME Study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) in the form of a postdoctoral fellowship to ST (PDF-2014-07-071). This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [204841/Z/16/Z]. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Wellcome Trust, Public Health England or the Department of Health and Social Care. Financial disclosures/conflicts of interest: S.T. has previously received a travel bursary funded by Janssen-Cilag through the British HIV Association, and speaker honoraria and funding for preparation of educational materials from Gilead Sciences. C.S. has received funding for participation in Advisory Boards and for preparation of educational materials from Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare and has received previous funding from Janssen-Cilag. R.D. has received funding for participation in Advisory boards from Gilead Sciences and speaker honoraria from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare and Janssen-Cilag. F.B. has received speaker and consultancy fees from Gilead Sciences and received past conference support from Viiv Healthcare. L.S. has received support from ViiV, Gilead, Jansen for speaker honoraria and conference support. The mental health of women ages 45-60 living with HIV in England: a latent class analysis of the PRIME Study. International Workshop on HIV and Women 2021, Oral presentation. April 21., (Copyright © 2022 by The North American Menopause Society.)