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In 2009 we evaluated the publication of research presented at annual scientific meetings of the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (BAOMS) 2002-2006, inclusive. Since then, the format of these meetings has changed, there has been a rapid increase in the number of online-only journals, and restraints on time during training and consultant practice have continued. We have therefore investigated the pattern of publication after presentation at these meetings between 2010 and 2014. All abstracts accepted for oral presentations or posters were included, and publication had to follow no more than four years later. We searched PubMed for papers in peer-reviewed journals and compared the data with those from 2002-2006. A total of 975 abstracts were accepted (2010-2014) of which 221 (23%) went on to be published. The median (IQR) delay to publication was 13 (4-25) months. Most were clinical papers from groups based in the UK (p<0.001) and most were published in BJOMS (p<0.001). The rate of publication has not changed significantly between the two periods (23% compared with 24%), and patterns in the type of papers, delays, journals, and research groups, were similar. Despite consistent rates of publication within the specialty, OMFS produces fewer publications after presentation than other surgical specialties. Further research is required to evaluate this more fully., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use national statistics on abortions carried out in England and Wales to more precisely estimate the proportion of young women aged <20 years obtaining an abortion who have had one or more previous pregnancies., Methods: Secondary analysis of abortion data from the Office of National Statistic and the Department of Health by parity for women aged <20 years, ordinarily residing in England and Wales, from 1992 to 2013., Results: Over the past 20 years, the proportion of teenagers in England and Wales having an abortion as a result of a subsequent pregnancy increased by 33% (from .172 in 1992 to .229 in 2013). Most of this increase occurred before 2004, and the proportion now appears to have stabilized. In 2013, 22.9% of the young women aged <20 years who underwent an abortion had had at least one previous pregnancy (either a birth or an abortion). Only a minority (<5% of young women who obtained an abortion) had had more than one previous pregnancy., Conclusions: The findings show that nearly one in four teenagers presenting for an abortion have already been in contact with health services for a previous birth or abortion. Greater policy emphasis must be placed on the accurate identification of the proportion of teenage pregnancies that occur as a result of a subsequent pregnancy and developing more effective "secondary prevention" interventions to help the first-time pregnant and parenting teenagers manage their future reproductive lives and prevent further unplanned pregnancies., (Copyright © 2015 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: It is difficult to fully ascertain the number of teenagers in the United Kingdom who have more than one pregnancy before the age of 20 years. The national abortion figures represent one of the few ways one can investigate on a national scale whether there is an increase in the number of young women presenting with a repeat pregnancy., Study Design: Datasheets regarding legally induced abortions carried out in England and Wales from 1991 to 2007 were downloaded from the Office of National Statistics and Department of Health websites. Age-specific data were extracted., Results: Among young women less than 20 years old who present for abortion in England and Wales, those with recorded previous pregnancies have steadily risen from 1991 to 2007 both in absolute number and in proportion. The increase in the proportion of abortions that are subsequent to a previous birth was by 42% (from 0.080 to 0.115), and the increase in the proportion of abortions subsequent to a previous abortion was by 68% (from 0.081 to 0.134)., Conclusions: These data provide evidence that repeat teenage pregnancies are on the increase. Urgent attention is required to improve contraceptive advice and services targeted specifically at teenagers who have previously conceived.

Objective: To determine the risk of cancer in cohorts of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, other alcoholic liver diseases, other and unspecified cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis compared with the risk in a control cohort., Methods: Analysis of statistical database of linked hospital and mortality data in an area in southern England., Results: Compared with the control cohort, rate ratios were elevated for cancer overall and were particularly high for liver cancer in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (rate ratio for cancer overall 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0 and 27.8, 17.7-41.7 for liver cancer); with other and unspecified cirrhosis (3.1, 2.7-3.6 and 35.1, 25.4-47.6); with other alcoholic liver diseases (2.3, 2.0-2.7 and 17.7, 11.5-26.0); with primary biliary cirrhosis (1.4, 0.9-2.0 and 19.6, 8.4-39.1) and with viral hepatitis (1.5, 1.2-1.9 and 18.6, 9.8-32.2). Pancreatic cancer risk was significantly and substantially elevated in all cohorts except that with primary biliary cirrhosis. Lung cancer risk was significantly high in all cohorts except those with primary biliary cirrhosis and viral hepatitis. Oral cavity cancers were elevated in alcoholic cirrhosis cohort (8.6; 3.1-18.9) and the other alcoholic liver diseases cohort (10.1; 5.9-16.2), as was colon cancer (2.8; 1.4-5.0 and 2.0; 1.2-3.3, respectively). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was significantly elevated in the group of 'other and unspecified cirrhosis' (11.4; 7.2-17.3)., Conclusion: All seven conditions carry an increased risk of cancer, but each condition has a somewhat different profile of cancer risk associated with it.

Pressure on lung cancer clinics is increasing with the "2-week wait" initiative. This initiative is one of the key targets set out in the National Health Service (NHS) Cancer Plan for the United Kingdom, whereby all patients presenting with symptoms which may be indicative of a cancer diagnosis will be seen by a consultant within 2 weeks of initial presentation at their primary care provider. This has resulted in busy clinics, with the potential for extended clinic waiting times and unmet needs for information and psychosocial support on the part of patients and families. There is increasing interest in the most appropriate mode of follow-up for patients with lung cancer who are under observation, many of whom have completed specific treatments. Such patients may benefit from specialist nurse review for symptom control and psychosocial support. Nurse-led clinics are safe and cost effective in the oncology and research-funded setting. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of nurse-led follow-up in a large general lung cancer clinic seeing approximately 250 new patients annually. Over a 34-week period, there were 487 follow-up attendances and 94 (19.3%) of these were made by 72 patients deemed eligible for nurse-led follow-up. Sixty patients were approached and 54 (90%) agreed to participate in the study. A questionnaire containing vignette scenarios of nurse-led, telephone, GP-led, and standard (hospital, medical) follow-up was completed by 34/54 (63%) of eligible patients, 10/20 (50%) carers, 20/31 (65%) staff, and 11/38 (29%) GPs. Respondents rated acceptability of the scenarios on a range of issues on a scale of 1 to 5. Patients also completed the EORTC QLQ C30 and lung module questionnaire. Subsequent interviews were carried out with samples of these respondent groups.Fatigue, dyspnea, cough, and pain were the most common general symptoms. Both standard and nurse-led follow-up scenarios were highly rated by patients and other respondents and both were highly significantly favored over GP follow-up, which was the least favored in all areas of the questionnaire. Telephone follow-up tended to elicit more polarized reactions, both positive and negative. In interviews, in relation to nurse-led follow-up, the importance of clear protocols, training, and easy access to medical review were highlighted.

The attitudes and concerns of 394 paediatric nurses about the practice of restraining children during clinical procedure were surveyed. The majority believed that restraint rather than pain was the most likely cause of distress. Age of the child, degree of urgency and type of procedure were all relevant to the decision whether to hold the child still. Nurses were unsure about the legal position and the majority reported that they had no formal training in holding techniques. These findings indicate the need for more training and guidelines about when to hold children and for the legal position to be clarified.

South West Thames Regional Health Authority established and commissioned a regional guidelines unit to coordinate the introduction of a set of treatment guidelines on the management of common medical emergencies into all the acute intaking National Health Service (NHS) hospitals throughout the region. All hospitals were offered a set of template guidelines to be used at their discretion for producing their own customised equivalent. They were also offered full typing and production facilities, together with printing costs if publication was achieved by a target deadline (1 August 1993). In 11 of the 14 NHS hospitals guidelines were available to hospital staff by the target deadline, and one set was produced for a non-NHS hospital. In two hospitals the target date was not met, and one other declined to take part. As part of the project the unit assessed the extent to which the published guidelines were adapted to meet the requirements of each individual hospital. The template offered guidelines on 34 topic titles. No hospital used all core titles of the original template; titles were omitted or replaced in some, and added in others. Where the original guideline titles were used, there was almost always some customisation--changes in sentence structure, names or contact numbers, alterations in drugs and doses or the addition or omission of entire sections. By using an established resource, sets of customised, locally determined treatment guidelines were introduced with relative ease into most of the acute hospitals in a UK health region.