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Digital pathology – the digitalisation of clinical histopathology services through the scanning and storage of pathology slides – has opened up new possibilities for health care in recent years, particularly in the opportunities it brings for artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven research. Recognising, however, that there is little scholarly debate on the ethics of digital pathology when used for AI research, this paper summarises what it sees as four key ethical issues to consider when deploying AI infrastructures in pathology, namely, privacy, choice, equity, and trust. The themes are inspired from the authors' experience grappling with the challenge of deploying an ethical digital pathology infrastructure to support AI research as part of the National Pathology Imaging Cooperative (NPIC), a collaborative of universities, hospital trusts, and industry partners largely located across the North of England. Though focusing on the UK case, internationally, few pathology departments have gone fully digital, and so the themes developed here offer a heuristic for ethical reflection for other departments currently making a similar transition or planning to do so in the future. We conclude by promoting the need for robust public governance mechanisms in AI‐driven digital pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article furthers understanding of how commercial imperatives are reshaping dominant conceptions of planning practice in England, and by extension the production of the built environment more widely. We make an original contribution by tracing the emergence of the logic of commercialisation in England, demonstrating how the impacts of austerity and 'market-led viability planning' have entrenched the 'delivery state', a powerful disciplinary matrix representing late-neoliberal governance. Through in-depth, ethnographic study of a local planning authority, we argue that commercialisation within the delivery state creates a distinct 'economy of attention', reshaping planners' agency and professional identities, and the substance and scope of their work. The conclusion draws out wider implications of commercialisation for planning in and beyond the delivery state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we explore the recent enactment of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) in the field of fertility care. We aim to contribute to the medical sociology literature through an analysis of how evidence is produced, interpreted and institutionalised in a relatively new medical field such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF), characterised by high uncertainty due to limited knowledge and high levels of commercialisation. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research conducted in England, this article explores the challenges IVF professionals encounter in producing credible data on the effectiveness of additional treatments, offering novel insights on the tensions between commercialisation and standardisation in the enactment of EBM. Extant medical sociology and Science and Technology Studies literature has shown the hidden professional work required to enact randomised control trials in practice. Our analysis shows that this hidden work is not enough when there is a broader lack of standardisation in both clinical and research practices, as producing 'good quality' evidence requires high levels of standardisation of knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of estate archives in the UK are held in private hands, owned by the family that created them, and preserved at their expense. They are often stored in a historic property attached to the landed estate. These archives document the history of the family and estate that they belong to; modern records often continue to be transferred to the archives, documenting the current activities of the estate and associated businesses. This article discusses the ways in which an estate archive can contribute towards the financial success of a modern landed estate, through business support (in the form of records management), or by generating income through commercial activities in the archives itself. Hatfield House is used as a case study to illustrate how an archival collection (the Cecil Papers) can be used to provide an income to help to offset the costs of managing and preserving these important historic collections. The article argues that an archive in a historic house must engage with the commercial nature of the organisation within which it sits to remain viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: This paper investigates transitions in the social organisation of medicine found in the extended opportunities for private corporations to own, manage and deliver public healthcare services in the English National Health Service. It follows recent calls to explain the reconstruction of medical work without reducing analysis to either the structures of organisational control or the strategic resistance of doctors. Accordingly, the paper considers how doctors interact, mediate and co-create new organisational environments. Central to our analysis are the variable sources of power that influence whether doctors acquiesce, resist or re-create change. Drawing on ethnographic research carried out between 2006 and 2010 in two Independent Sector Treatment Centres – private providers of public healthcare - the paper shows how doctors'' responses to bureaucratic and commercial structures reflect their own structured forms of power, which have variable value within this new commercial environment. These include clinical experience and specialist knowledge, but also social and economic influence. Building on established sociological debates, these divergent sources of power explain how for some doctors the expansion of private healthcare might involve more extreme forms of McDonaldization, while for others it might involve opportunities for Commercial Re-stratification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Beginning with Henry III, pavage grants were presented by the Crown to the burgesses, bailiffs, and mayors of English towns, allowing those officials to assess tolls on imports and exports. The funds from the tolls were used for paving and repairing streets. The records of pavage grants are found primarily in the Calendar of Patent Rolls. The local and national concern regarding urban street paving reflects the demands of an increasingly commercial economy that required better roads to lower transport costs and enable faster delivery to market. Further, the increase in the number of grants between the mid-thirteenth century and the mid-fifteenth reflects the rising investment in public works by the Crown and local officials. Use of the grants to improve roads promoted greater commercialisation throughout England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]