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To extract vanadium (V) ions from the ferruginous siltstone at Abu Zeneima in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt, a synthesized chelating N-phenyl acetyl-N-naphthyl hydroxyl amine (PANHA), was used. Complete characterization was carried out successfully to elucidate the structure using several techniques such as FT-IR,1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS and TGA analysis performances. Improved experimental measurements, such as pH, shaking time, initial concentration of V(V), PANHA dosage, temp., and stripping agents, have been achieved with the solvent extraction technique. At 25 ℃ and 0.015 mole per liter through 30 minutes, PANHA/CHCl3 has an extreme retention potential of 50 mg per gram at 25 ℃ at pH 1.5 at 1:1 aqueous to organic phase ratio. The linear regression analysis, consisting of a log D track versus pH, shows a straight line with a slope of 0.859, indicates that a mole of H+ was released during the extraction. The stability constant (β), of PANHA-V(V) complex was calculated from the intersection (log β=1.7958), and it was found to equal 63.1. The stoichiometry mechanism among a chelating ligand of PANHA and V(V) indicates a roughly linear correlation with slope of 0.882 which explains that one mole of PANHA chelating ligand can react with one mole of V (V). According to the kinetic and thermodynamic interpretations, the pseudo-second order kinetic model predicted the kinetics of vanadium (V) extraction, the thermodynamic factors ΔS, ΔH, and ΔG were also measured. As the temperature rises, ∆G values rise from -10.45 kJ/mol at 198 K to -2.2 kJ/mol at 353 K. Vanadium may be stripped from the loaded PANHA/CHCl3, by 0.5M NaOH with a 99% efficiency rate. To obtain a vanadium concentrate (NH4VO3, AMV) with a vanadium content of 42.6 percent and pureness of 98 percent, the enhanced variables were finally put to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wadi El Natrun is an elongated narrow depression in the Western Desert of Egypt. The depression characterized by many ancient alkaline salt lakes. These lakes are filled with water in winter and dried up in summer. Recently, some lakes become permanently dried, while others become submerged throughout the year as El Bieda Lake. El Bieda Lake has undergone ecological changes due to the prolonged extraction of minerals and the continual discharging of freshwater. This study investigates the recent biotic and abiotic changes of this lake and discusses its fisheries opportunities. The lake's water is well-oxygenated, rich with different inorganic nutrients, and characterized by a low salinity. Sodium and chloride ion concentrations are lower than the equivalent surface seawater, while magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulfate, and bicarbonate ions are higher. The lake has low plankton species richness with high biomass and high nutritional values. More recently, two cichlid species, Oreochromis aureus and Coptodon zillii, have colonized the lake. Summer characterized by a very low mortality for Oreochromis aureus and a poor representation of Coptodon zillii. However, both species shared the catch the rest of the year. The high biomass and nutritional quality of plankton communities, as well as the dense phytobenthic film, indicate that the lake is currently below its carrying capacity. The well-oxygenated water, high biomass of plankton and phytobenthic diatoms, and the expected changes in salinity suggest that introducing the euryhaline, commercially valuable, and fast-growing Mugil cephalus or Chelon ramada in El Bieda Lake is highly advisable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great overuse of antibiotics in poultry farms for the treatment of infections or as food additives to improve chicken growth is a major human health concern. Macrolide, tetracycline, quinolones, and beta-lactams are some of the most important antibiotics used in chicken farms and may have residues in their meat. Therefore, the current study was applied to investigate the antibiotic residues in a total of 400 samples of raw chicken breast, liver, nugget, burger, and luncheon (80 each) collected from retail markets and grocery stores in Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt. The results revealed that 72.5% of chicken breast samples had antibiotic residues. The screening of the four antibiotics families in chicken liver samples has shown that danofloxacin (quinolones) and streptomycin recorded the highest percentages (72.5% each), while the lowest one was recorded for penicillin (60%). Similarly, the highest levels of antibiotics in breast samples were for tetracycline, sarafloxacin and danfloxacin (63.75% each), while the lowest one was penicillin (53.75%). On the other hand, poultry products (nuggets, burger, and luncheon) were negative for antibiotic residues. The calculated estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for all examined antibiotics showed higher exposure levels than the fixed values of acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) which are a major health problem. Guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobial agents for chicken should be adopted to reduce the prevalence of antibiotics resistance in human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Botany is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A one- year seasonal study was carried out to estimate the algal population and its biochemical contents in Lake Qarun in Egypt. Twelve samples representing Lake Qarun and two drains (El-Bats and El-Wadi) were examined. Bacillariophyta was the most dominant in phytoplankton assemblages. The highest seasonal phytoplankton density was recorded during summer, whereas the lowest was in autumn. The lowest spatial phytoplankton density, chlorophyll (a), and carotenoid concentrations were recorded in drains. ANOVA revealed significant differences between seasons and stations in the density of phytoplankton species, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that water temperature was positively correlated with Ochrophyta, Cyanobacteria, Cryptophyta and some dominant phytoplankton species, meanwhile; water temperature was negatively correlated with Bacillariophyta, some dominant phytoplankton species, Chl (a), carotenoid, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid. Hence, water temperature and nutrients (NO3 and PO4), drained into the lake, play a major role in the trophic state changes of Lake Qarun, and its effect on the phytoplankton community and other environmental conditions was detected during the seasons of the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research & Development / Maǧallaẗ Al-Fayūm lil Buḥūṯ wa Al-Tanmiyyaẗ Al-Zirāʿiyyaẗ is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The transition to college life is a highly demanding period for all students, especially when enrolling into an academically-challenging field as that of medicine. First-generation medical students represent an overlooked demographic and are thought to be more vulnerable to the stressors of college. This study's aim is to explore the differences between first and continuing-generation medical students in Egypt regarding their academic performance, extracurricular training opportunities and future expectations., Methods: Two identical 24-item online questionnaires, in English and Arabic were distributed with five main themes: general demographics, academic performance, extracurricular training opportunities (outpatient clinics, hospitals and operating rooms), future expectations and if participants have relatives in the medical field., Results: Responses from 1652 eligible respondents from all 36 medical universities in Egypt were received. Continuing-generation medical students achieved a higher cumulative grade, with 46.1% getting an "Excellent" grade compared to only 38.4% in the first-generation. The gap between the two groups was best noted in Year 1 (p-value < 0.001), as continuing-generation medical students were almost twice more likely to score an "Excellent" grade [Odds Ratio = 1.85 (1.48-2.31)]. First-generation group had less training opportunities in clinics (p < 0.001) and operating rooms (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) across all three clinical settings in regard to how the training opportunity was acquired. The majority of continuing-generation medical students credited their family members for it. Amongst those who wish to travel, the majority of the first-generation medical students plan to pursue their career in the United States; whereas, most of continuing-generation medical students aimed for the Middle East and Western Europe., Conclusion: First-generation medical students had lower grades at first mainly due to their lack of awareness of proper resources that were provided by the families of continuing-generation medical students. However, the challenges posed to first-generation medical students prompted the development of higher resilience, enabling them to catch up and even surpass their continuing-generation counterparts. Continuing-generation medical students obtained further extracurricular training (outpatient clinics and operating rooms), accessed mainly through their family members and connections; whereas, first-generation medical students received most of their training by searching for it themselves., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In the present study, the biochemical composition of some Echinodermata (Holothuroidea, Echinoidea) from the Red Sea, Egypt was investigated. The results showed that the highest percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was in Holothuria nobilis and the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria scabra. The highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was recorded in Pearsonothuria graeffei while the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was recorded in Holothuria nobilis and the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. The highest percentage of omega-3 fatty acids was recorded in Stichopus hermanni however, the lowest percentage was recorded in Diadema setosum. The highest percentage of omega-6 fatty acids was recorded in Bohadschia vitiensis where, the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. In addition, nonessential amino acid (NEAA) glycine were the highest in all species and serine was the lowest while Essential amino acid (EAA) arginine was the highest and cysteine was the lowest. All of the NEAA recorded highest concentrations in S. hermanni except proline. The recorded essential amino acids were histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and leucine. The latter was high in Pearsonothuria graeffei. Tyrosine, valine, threonine, and arginine were high in Stichopus hermanni. The present study proved that sea cucumbers has great nutritional value.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and resistance profile of bacterial pathogens present in the middle ear of children with otitis media with effusion, and to report beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant bacteria for the first time in Lebanese children., Method: We included 62 patients younger than 12 year (107 ears), who underwent myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement for persistent otitis media with effusion. Bacteria were identified by Gram staining and biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivities tested by the disc diffusion method and via minimum inhibitory concentration (E-test)., Results: The commonest pathogen was Haemophilus influenzae (62 per cent), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (26 per cent). The H influenzae resistance profile was highest for amoxicillin (81.0 per cent) and lowest for cefotaxime (19.0 per cent). There was a high risk of developing H influenzae antibiotic resistance among children with a history of smoking exposure (p = 0.001), recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (p = 0.001) or previous antibiotic treatment (p = 0.005). Fifty-two per cent of H influenzae colonies were found to be beta-lactamase-negative and ampicillin-resistant., Conclusion: In these children with persistent otitis media with effusion, H influenzae was the most prevalent bacteria. It showed a high incidence of resistance to the antibiotics most commonly prescribed to treat acute otitis media.

Recent statistics from Egypt indicate that elderly persons comprise 5.8% of the general population. Elderly patients remain a high-risk group in all burn units. This prospective study investigated geriatric burn patients (defined as 60 years and older) who were present at our center between May 1995 and October 2001. Of the 4220 patients who were present during this period, 97 (2.3%) were elderly, and 63 (7.1%) of the 880 total admitted were geriatrics. Of the 97 elderly burn patients who were present during the study period, 31 died (mortality rate 31.9%). Other epidemiological data, including duration of hospitalization, seasonal and day/hour variation in burn incidence and burn causes and accident site are presented. Ideas for management and prevention are also presented.

Background and Methods: We describe the epidemiology, cancer prevention strategies, and educational messages to be learned from four characteristic cancers in Egypt: urinary bladder, liver, lung, and early-onset colorectal cancers., Results: For bladder cancer, effective and convenient treatment of schistosomiasis, using social marketing and mass media in public and medical education has contributed dramatically to primary prevention of bladder cancer in Egypt. For liver cancer, educating hospital administrators to remove structural barriers to good practice may help the control of hepatitis transmission and related liver cancer. For lung cancer, the 50-year American experience for controlling tobacco smoking, beginning with physicians, could be very effective in Egypt and other countries with increasing smoking rates in the young so as to avert the expected epidemics of lung cancer. For colorectal cancer, more attention to physician and public education about the importance of interviewing colorectal cancer patients about a family history of cancer and the screening of at-risk families could be very effective in early detection of colorectal cancer., Conclusion: Countries with similar cancer epidemiology experience should make use of successful cancer prevention and education strategies that could be translated from the Egyptian experience.

In ancient Egypt, at least one woman carried the title of physician. University education for women started in 1930. Today, women are practicing in all disciplines and are effective in health care. Egyptian medical women represent 35% to 45% of the staff of faculties of medicine and about one-third of all medical graduates. They have contributed to the improvement of health, particularly in maternal and child health, and are role models for young girls in rural areas.

A study was carried out to identify the microbial contaminants of weaning foods in an Egyptian village and the sources of contamination. All 300 households containing infants (< 24 months) were visited. Information regarding food preparation and household sanitation was gathered. Samples of weaning foods (270) were collected and analysed for the presence of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Shigella and parasites. The first two pathogens were detected in 43.7 per cent and 21.4 per cent of samples respectively. The others were not detected in any sample. The risk of contamination by E. coli and B. cereus was significantly associated with the presence of dung and/or refuse in the house, lack of indoor latrine, non-use of latrine by children, weaning foods not freshly prepared, uncovered storage of foods, and the presence of a case of diarrhoea in the house.

The effect of the National Control of Diarrheal Diseases Project, started in 1983, on infant and childhood mortality in Egypt was assessed by means of national civil registration data, nationwide cluster sample surveys of households, and local area studies. Packets of oral rehydration salts are now widely accessible; oral rehydration therapy is used correctly in most episodes of diarrhoea; most mothers continue to feed infants and children during the child's illness; and most physicians prescribe oral rehydration therapy. These changes in the management of acute diarrhoea are associated with a sharp decrease in mortality from diarrhoea, while death from other causes remains nearly constant.