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This study was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two growing seasons (2022 and 2023). Four Egyptian cotton varieties were used as lines with four genotypes as testers, using line x tester analysis. Results indicated that the genotypes, parents, crosses, parents vs. crosses, lines, testers and line x tester were significant for all studied traits except uniformity index for lines. Most crosses exhibited significantly mid-parent heterosis for most studied traits, while, the crosses Giza95 x Australy13, Giza92 x Australy13, Giza93 x PimaS6 and Giza97 x Australy13 were significant useful heterosis (better-parent) for most yield traits and fiber properties. The line Giza95 was significant and positive desirable GCA effects for most yield traits except for boll weight, while the lines Giza92 and Giza93 were significant desirable GCA effects for most fiber properties studied. As well as, the tester Australy13 was significant and positive desirable GCA effects for most yield traits studied. The crosses Giza92 x Australy13 and Giza95x TNB1 were significant and positive desirable SCA effects for most yield studied traits. However proportion contribution of lines was higher than of lines x testers interaction and testers for most studied traits. The non-additive genetic variance was larger than additive genetic variance for most studied traits, except for seed cotton yield/plant and lint cotton yield/plant. Heritability narrow sense (h2 b%) estimate was obtained for lint cotton yield/plant which recorded 61.67%, while for lint percentage was recorded moderate values 7.35%. Broad sense heritability estimates (h2 n%) were ranged from 60.85% to 91.25% for uniformity index and micronaire reading, respectively. Generally, Giza95 and Australy13 could be used for improving high yielding cotton varieties in plant breeding programs, while Giza92 and Giza93 considered as beneficial parents for breeding programs to produce new varieties characterized with best the fiber quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Twenty elite yellow maize inbred lines were crossed as female parents with three different testers as male parents, i.e. Gem. Pop. (Broad genetic base), Single cross 101(Narrow genetic base) and Inbred line 100 (Narrow genetic base) at the Experiment Research Station of Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt during 2014 growing summer season. The resulting 60 crosses with three commercial check hybrids i.e. SC 155, SC Pioneer 3080 and TWC 352 were evaluated in a yield trial in two sowing dates during 2015 growing summer season. The results showed that, sowing dates, crosses, lines, testers and line x testers mean squares were significant for all traits. The seven parental inbred lines (L-4, L-5, L-10, L-12, L-13, L-14 and L-19) possessed high GCA effects for grain yield and six lines (L-1, L-7, L-10, L-13, L-16 and L-18) possessed high GCA effects for earliness. These lines can be utilized as promising inbred lines in a hybridization program to develop high yielding and early maturity maize hybrids. The seven crosses (T-1 x L-7, T-1 x L-13, T-1 x L-17, T-2 x L-4, T-2 x L-5, T-2 x L-10 and T-2 x L-12) which had out-yielded significantly the best check SC. 3080 could be utilized for future breeding work as well as for direct release after confirming the stability of their performances observed in the current study. Hence, the information from this study may possibly be useful for researchers who would like to develop high yielding hybrids of maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To generate high-yielding cultivars with favorable fiber quality traits, cotton breeders can use information about combining ability and gene activity within a population to locate elite parents and potential F1 crosses. To this end, in the current study, twelve cotton parents (eight genotypes as female parents and four testers) and their F1 crosses obtained utilizing the linex tester mating design were evaluated for their general and specialized combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) of yield traits. The findings showed that for all the investigated variables, variances owing to genotypes, parents, crosses, and parent vs cross showed extremely significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences. Additionally, throughout the course of two growing seasons, the mean squares for genotypes (parents and crosses) showed strong significance for all the variables under study. The greatest and most desired means for all the examined qualities were in the parent G.94, Pima S6, and tester G.86. The best crossings for the qualities examined were G.86 (G.89 × G.86), G.93 × Suvin, and G.86 × Suvin. The parents' Suvin, G89x G86 and TNB were shown to have the most desired general combining ability effects for seed cotton yield/plant, lint yield/plant, boll weight, number of bolls/plants, and lint index, while Suvin, G.96 and pima S6 were preferred for favored lint percentage. For seed cotton yield, lint percentage, boll weight, and number of bolls per plant per year, the cross-G.86 x (G.89 × G.86) displayed highly significant specific combining ability impacts. The crosses G.86 × Suvin, Kar x TNB, G.93 × Suvin, and G.93 × TNB for all the studied traits for each year and their combined were found to have highly significant positive heterotic effects relative to better parent, and they could be used in future cotton breeding programs for improving the studied traits., (© 2022. The Author(s).)