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Background and Aim: Global efforts are continuing to develop preparations against cryptosporidiosis. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of biosynthesized Ulva fasciata loading Cinnamomum camphora oil extract on new zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs shorten to ZnNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as alternative treatments for Cryptosporidium parvum experimental infection in rats. Materials and Methods: Oil extract was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, loaded by U. fasciata on ionic-based ZnO and NPs, and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Biosafety and toxicity were investigated by skin tests. A total of 105 C. parvum oocysts/rat were used (n = 81, 2-3 W, 80-120 g, 9 male rats/group). Oocysts shedding was counted for 21 d. Doses of each preparation in addition to reference drug were administered daily for 7 d, starting on post-infection (PI) day (3). Nitazoxanide (100 mg) was used as the reference drug. After 3 weeks, the rats were sacrificed for postmortem examination and histopathological examination. Two blood samples/rat/group were collected on the 21st day. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples were also used for analysis of biochemistry, hematology, immunology, micronucleus prevalence, and chromosomal abnormalities. Results: C. camphora leaves yielded 28.5 ± 0.3 g/kg oil and 20 phycocompounds were identified. Spherical and rodshaped particles were detected at 10.47-30.98 nm and 18.83-38.39 nm, respectively. ZnNPs showed the earliest anticryptosporidiosis effect during 7-17 d PI. Other hematological, biochemical, immunological, histological, and genotoxicity parameters were significantly fruitful; hence, normalized pathological changes induced by infestation were observed in the NPs treatments groups against the infestation-free and Nitazoxanide treated group. Conclusion: C. camphora, U. fasciata, ZnNPs, and AgNPs have refluxed the pathological effects of infection as well as positively improved host physiological condition by its anticryptosporidial immunostimulant regenerative effects with sufficient ecofriendly properties to be proposed as an alternative to traditional drugs, especially in individuals with medical reactions against chemical commercial drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algae are considered as one of the plant growth promoters and have the potential to mitigate stress due to pesticide, salt and climate change. Two field trials of cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke were carried out in spring seasons 2018 and 2019 to select the convenient growing season for possible higher production of inulin content of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in Egypt and assessment of the real impact of bio-application with consortium of Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena oryzae as a promising source of biologically secure and plant growth-promoting agents. Planting dates in, April 2018 and 2019 were found affecting significantly the harvest index and crop components. Results confirmed that seasonal variations had highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects on vegetative parameters, protein content, total carbohydrates, extracted inulin, antioxidant activity, phenolic compound content, and biomass productivity. High air temperature and humidity stress significantly inhibited biomass productivity in May and June during both seasons. The maximum harvest index was (0.541) being higher in April than in May or June. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis showed the accumulation of inulin in Jerusalem artichoke (85%) in dry tubers. Fourier-Transform Infrared analysis showed the functional groups in the structure of extracted sugar from tubers. This is the first report of the consortium of algae as plant growth regulators to adapt J. artichoke crop, also this natural system of algae of the consortium to J. artichoke not only affects their growth, products but also soil management in the various agro-environmental areas of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]