Search

A total of 150 raw milk samples were collected from she camels from Aswan, 100 from individual breed in Daraw and 50 from pastoral camels in Shalateen in Egypt. First, clinical examination revealed no cases with clinical mastitis. Second, the collected milk samples were tested by California Mastitis Test and the results revealed that the percent of subclinical mastitis was (39.3%) for total number of milk samples, but the ratio in Daraw (48%) higher than in Shalateen (22%). Third, by conventional culture method, 20% of samples were positive to Staphylococcus spp. Fourth, Staphylococcal isolates were identified by conventional biochemical test, (46.7%) of these isolate showed positive for coagulase test. Fifth, these coagulase positive isolates submitted for molecular identification targeting 16S rRNA gene (Staphylococcus genus specific), nuc gene (S. aureus species specific) and Staphylococcal enterotoxins genes (SEA, SEB and SEC) by multiplex PCR, (92.9%) positive for 16s rRNA and confirmed as Staphylococcus spp., (64.3%) positive for nuc gene and confirmed to be S.aureus and (50%) Staphylococcus isolates were enterotoxinpositive to sea, (35.7%) of them for S.aureus strains and (14.3%) for other coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp. Finally, these isolates were submitted for antibiotic sensitivity testing by using various antibiotics and the proportion of isolates resistance to the antibiotics were penicillin G and chloramphenicol (100%), colistin (93%), tetracycline and lincomycin (78.6%), oxalinic acid (71.4%), amoxicillin (50%), neomycin and cefaclor (42.8%), erythromycin (35.7%), ciprofloxacin (28.6%) and gentamycin (21.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nutritional status and growth of children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is influenced significantly by two factors; food selectivity behaviors due to their consumption of a limited variety of food and the high incidence of gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders., Aim: This study aimed to assess the nutritional adequacy and growth pattern of ASD children aged three to twelve years compared to their healthy developing peers., Methods: A national comparative, facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in eight Egyptian governorates on 285 Egyptian children diagnosed with ASD and 224 children who are their relatives as healthy developing peers. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, including weight, height, head circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and all numbers were plotted on WHO growth charts. Assessment of food preferences, and nutrient intake adequacy of children was done using the Food preference questionnaire, and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) of Egyptian children., Results: Calorie-dense food and sugar intake were higher among ASD children than their healthy developing peers. ASD children omit some important protein sources such as dairy (COR = 5.2, 95% CI:2.7-9.9), meat, and poultry (COR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6-4.7), and a lower intake of fruits and vegetables than their healthy developing peers. For children with ASD in all age groups, a deficiency in the range of 50-60% was detected for vitamins (C, D, B6, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin) and minerals (iron). A deficiency in the range of 60-70% was detected for folate and calcium. A deficiency of vitamin C calcium and iron was also detected for both children with ASD and their healthy developing relatives aged 6 to 12 years. GIT disorders were common among ASD children compared to healthy developing peers (COR = 2.8 to 10.3). Children with ASD had four-fold higher odds of stunting (COR = 4.1, CI: 1.7-10.1), threefold higher odds of being overweight (COR = 3.3, CI: 1.48-7.32), and nearly eleven-fold higher odds of obesity (COR = 11.4, CI: 4.05-32.17) compared to their healthy developing peers., Conclusion: ASD children are prone to overweight and protein malnutrition. Their intake of fruits and vegetables is inadequate and hence their intake of vitamins and minerals is insufficient, contributing to stunting., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is a rising health problem. The incidence of EOCRC has increased over the past 2 decades all over the world. Reports from Egypt since the 1990s have reported a higher incidence among young populations with no identifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess EOCRC in Egypt regarding incidence, characteristics, treatment pattern, and survival compared with average age onset and elderly patients., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, record-based, cohort study combining data from four different cancer centers in Egypt. We grouped patients according to age into three categories: the EOCRC group for patients age ≤45 years and the average age onset and elderly cancer group (for patients age ≥65 years)., Results: The study included 1,310 patients with histopathologically proven colorectal cancer, representing four different geographical areas in Egypt. Patients with EOCRC represented 42.4% of the study population. Female patients were 50.6% among the EOCRC group and 52.5% among the average age group. Rectal tumors were significantly higher in EOCRC (54.7% v 40.6%; P < .001). There was no significant difference between both groups regarding the tumor stage at presentation, obstruction, or presence of metastases at presentation. Patients with EOCRC had a significantly higher rate of peritoneum/adnexa metastases than the average age ones (12.3% in EOCRC v 6.9% in the average age group; P < .001). No statistically significant differences between EOCRC and average age groups in both disease-free survival and overall survival were reported., Conclusion: A comprehensive framework for the study of EOCRC is required in Egypt as well as a genomic analysis to identify possible underlying genetic alterations responsible for the high incidence of EOCRC.

Background: Globally, the burden of maternal malnutrition remains an enormous public health problem; malnourished pregnant women are at increased risk of having low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Several reports suggest a possible association between malnutrition among lactating mothers and the production of smaller quantities of breast milk. Many women have incorrect nutrition knowledge during pregnancy due to false beliefs derived from popular practices. Our study was conducted to assess nutritional knowledge, myths, and practices among Egyptian women during pregnancy and lactation., Methodology: A pretested 2-page interview questionnaire was used to collect data from the study participants after written informed consent was obtained from them after clarification of the study's aim. Obstetrics and gynecology experts collected the data from pregnant females who agreed to participate in private and university hospital antenatal care clinics in Cairo, Egypt., Results: A total of 468 pregnant females completed the interview questionnaire. The mean knowledge score was 5 ± 3, with a median score of 5 and an IQR of 3-7, and the mean holding myths score was 3 ± 2, with a median score of 2 and an IQR of 2-4. Regarding the correct answers to the knowledge questions, more than 70% of the participants correctly answered that during the first six months of life, breast milk is the only food a baby requires, and less than 20% of them correctly answered that caffeine consumption could provoke premature birth. Regarding the holding myths questions, more than half of the participants held the myth that drinking moghat and helba increases the breast milk supply. We found that the most common source of knowledge during pregnancy and lactation among the participants was family and friends' advice (60%), followed by others (doctors, previous education in school or university) (45%)., Conclusion: Among a sample of Egyptian women, more than half held at least one myth about nutrition and diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding, so health education at antenatal outpatient clinics should be directed toward those myths to correct them. Older women with sufficient family income showed significantly higher knowledge scores than others., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Metastatic tumors account for 80% of all lung tumors in children. Wilms tumour and osteosarcoma are the most tumors of childhood that produce lung metastases. The aim of the current study is to assess the prognostic factors of pulmonary metastatectomy in pediatric solid tumours as age, number, size, site,laterality, resectability of pulmonary nodules, and number of Thoracotomies. Calculate overall survival among patients who underwent pulmonary metastatectomy., Methods: It is a retrospective study including all pediatric patients with metastatic solid tumors to lungs treated at pediatric oncology department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University from 2008 to 2014. Fifty-five patients were included, 43 (78.2℅) patients of them had Osteosarcoma., Results: Thirty (54.5℅)patients were male. The mean age was 15 years ranging from (4.5- 23) years. The site of primary disease was at lower limbs in 43 (78.2%) patients. All patients underwent complete surgical resection of the primary disease with negative margin, 22(51.1%) of the osteosarcoma patients did amputation with tumor necrosis less than 90%. All patients received chemotherapy and only 9 received radiation therapy. The patients were classified into four groups according to time of diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis: at time of diagnosis in 13 (21.8%) patients, within treatment in 16 (30.9%) patients, within first year follow up in 18 (32.7%) patients and detected late in 8 (14.5%) patients. Bilateral lung metastasis diagnosed by CT chest were detected in 42 (76.4%) patients. Size of metastatic nodules was ranging from (0.5 to 10 cm) with mean 3.4 cm. Number of metastatic nodules was ranging from (1 to 28) median 4.Metastatic complications were detected in 19 patients. 5-year OS was 74.8% in the study group, and 68% in osteosarcoma patients. Effect of prognostic factors as sex, time of respectability, laterality, tumor necrosis of the 1ry disease, Timing of lung metastasis, size and site of the primary, Surgical approach of metastatectomy, postoperative complications on overall survival of the studied patients was done with significant P-value of tumor necrosis of the 1ry disease and Timing of lung metastasis 0.017, 0.001 respectively., Conclusion: Resection of pulmonary metastases of pediatric solid tumours is a safe and effective treatment that offers better survival., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this study, the ELISA procedure was used to detect antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBRV) viruses. The BVDV serological survey in Aswan province in southern Egypt was carried out on 184 unvaccinated cattle and camels. The overall seroprevalence was 18.48% (34/184), but in cattle was 34.78% (32/92) and 2.18% (2/92) in camels. The serological survey was conducted on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) antibodies was conducted on 460 unvaccinated cattle from three different provinces (Qena, Luxor, and Aswan). The overall seroprevalence was 60.00% (276/460). The infection rate in Aswan was higher (83.70%) than Qena and Luxor, 53.63% and 45.65%, respectively. Epidemiological status was established to clarify the influence of location in Qena, Luxor and Aswan for bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the effect of management systems in infection rate for cattle. The high predominance of antibodies in cattle may be the principal factor to limit the cattle industry in Egypt. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence rate of Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea in cattle and camel in southern Egypt.

Study Objectives: Sleep apnea is a chronic disorder associated with multiple recognized comorbidities. Only a few studies focus on evaluating the cognitive profile in patients diagnosed with sleep apnea. The aim of the study was to assess the cognitive functions in this population using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment., Methods: The study cohort was 1,445 adult patients who were referred for overnight polysomnography, 764 cases and 681 healthy controls. All participants' clinical data and comorbidities were taken, and they all performed overnight polysomnography and Montreal Cognitive Assessment., Results: A significantly higher proportion (57.5%) of sleep apnea groups were males; 15.7% were illiterate compared to the non-sleep apnea group. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent among studied patients with sleep apnea, and the mean total score for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale was significantly lower among those with sleep apnea at P < .001. Those with no sleep apnea showed a significantly higher function in all attributes compared to patients with sleep apnea-namely, language, orientation, abstraction, naming, attention, and recall ( P < .05)., Conclusions: Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate predictors for occurrence of cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score < 26) among the studied sample (n = 1,445). The overall model was significant at P < .001. Variables that showed significance in univariate analysis were entered in the model. Significant predictors for cognitive impairment were being male, older age, diabetic, hypertensive, and with a lower level of education and having sleep apnea., Citation: Mekky JF, Yousof S, Elsayed I, Elsemelawy R, Mahmoud H, Elweshahi H. Assessment of the cognitive functions in adult Egyptian patients with obstructive sleep apnea using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: a retrospective large-scale study. J Clin Sleep Med . 2022;18(3):721-729., (© 2022 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.)

Background: Breast cancer treatment is an established cause of financial toxicity, and associated costs may contribute to higher mortality and morbidity rates. In Egypt, breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are among the highest in the Middle East. Late-stage diagnosis is common, and disease occurs at an earlier age than in Europe and North America. Out-of-pocket payments are the primary means of financing healthcare in Egypt, and socioeconomic factors have been shown to significantly impact access to cancer screening and treatment., Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among breast cancer patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Cairo from 2013 to 2015., Results: One hundred women with breast cancer participated. There was a high need for financial assistance (66.0%) and patients with financial needs had great difficulty affording medications (80.0%). A number of patients had lost their jobs following diagnosis, with 32.7% employed prior to diagnosis and 15.3% afterwards. Nearly one-half of participants were classified as food insecure, and nearly one-third reported difficulty affording transportation costs., Conclusions: This is the first study to describe socioeconomic needs and financial impact among a cohort of Egyptian women undergoing breast cancer treatment. The findings highlight the financial impact of breast cancer treatment on a cohort of Egyptian breast cancer patients and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to help them access and mitigate the costs of treatment. Recommendations include implementing patient financial navigation services and producing printed materials to inform patients of resources to help mitigate the treatment's financial impact.

Background: T1DM is divided into 1A (immune-mediated), 1B (virus-triggered, genetic and idiopathic). Presence of auto-antibodies may be correlated to glycemic control., Aim: Assessment relation between the autoantibodies and the poor glycemic control in T1DM., Methods: 60 patients T1DM 30 males, 30 females, subjected to full history, clinical, anthropometric assessment and laboratory assessment of fasting C-peptide, FBS, 2 h PP glucose, HbA1c, GADA, ICA and IAA level. Classified into two groups; Group I: negative auto-antibodies, Group II: positive auto-antibodies, Group II was further classified into 3 sub-groups, Group II a:1 positive autoantibody, Group II b: 2 positive autoantibodies and Group II c: 3 positive autoantibodies., Results: HbA1c was significantly higher in group II than group I (11.85 ± 1.61% vs. 8.52 ± 0.41%, p = 0.000). HbA1c was highest in group IIc followed by IIb then IIa (12.25 ± 1.48% vs. 11.57 ± 1.59% vs. 10.78 ± 1.73%, p = 0.038). Total insulin units per day was significantly higher in group II than group I (109.83 ± 7.77 U/day vs. 100.83 ± 1.83 U/day, p = 0.007). Duration of diabetes was significantly higher in group I than group II (10.17 ± 1.94 years vs. 8.11 ± 2.20 years, p = 0.033). HbA1c, total insulin units per day and duration of diabetes were independent predictive factors for presence of autoantibodies (p = 0.007, p = 0.033 and p = 0.043 respectively)., Conclusion: Autoantibodies affect the glycemic control presented by high HbA1c; also it causes increase in total insulin units needed by patients; the more autoantibodies, the higher HbA1c, the more insulin units required to control glycemic state., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia with or without mucocutaneous bleeding manifestations. ITP patients have significant defects in immune self-tolerance: autoreactive T-lymphocyte clones are capable of directly damaging platelets and possibly megakaryocytes and are likely to proliferate under the influence of Th lymphocytes. The CB2 receptor is thought to be the principal cannabinoid receptor that mediates immune modulation by endocannabinoid. The later has shown a complex range of immunomodulatory effects, primarily suppressive effects on leukocytes and immune functions, including modulation of Th cell development, chemotaxis and cytokine secretion. In this study, we investigated the association between cannabinoid CB2 receptor gene (CNR2) Q63R polymorphism and the susceptibility to childhood ITP in Egyptian population. CNR2 genotyping in ITP patients revealed that 41% of patients had the QR(AA/GG) heterotype and 49% had the RR(AA/AA) homotype. There was a significantly higher frequency of homomutant genotype (RR) in ITP patients than in controls, which conferred more than two-fold increased risk of ITP among Egyptian children [odds ratio (OR) 2.352, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.313-4.215]. There was a significant statistical difference in the distribution of CNR2 Q63R genotypes between chronic ITP patients group and the control groups. The homomutant genotype carried nearly three-fold increased risk for chronic ITP (OR 2.701, 95% CI 1.462-5.009). In conclusion, CNR2 Q63R polymorphism may represent a novel genetic risk factor in the pathophysiology of chronicity development of ITP in Egyptian children.

Gastric hyperacidity, gastro inflammation and ulcer are very common diseases causing human suffering these days. Gastric irritation mechanism is still very poorly understood as mentioned in many scientific articles. Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn) is considered a medicinal plant with its prospective potent flavonoids. GC-MS spectrum has found three flavone structures (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone derivatives) with rate more than 50% in the ethanolic plant extract. In rat experiment, ethanolic A. maurorum extract (oral daily 100mg/kg body weight) and ranitidine the standard ulcer drug (oral daily 100mg/kg body weight) were treated rats to protect against administration of aspirin ASP (oral 200mg/kg body weight) for two times through the 10 days. Some rats were sacrificed after first and second aspirin administrations and the rest were sacrificed in the end of the experiment. Gastro fluid volume has been decreased in ASP group, and acid output was decreased for plant extract followed by ranitidine. Ranitidine and plant extract protect liver enzymes, oxidation status (MDA and GSH), fucosidase tumor marker and risk lipid ratio. No ulcer patterns have been shown in the histopathological study, but some inflammation in the gastric wall and vascular change dilatation of blood vessels were detected. More studies should be demonstrated potent natural plant extracts and their active components against gastro inflammation and ulcers., (Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Hematopoietic SCT is now an established treatment modality with definitive indications for many hematological disorders. However, this line of treatment requires tremendous resources, and it becomes increasingly difficult for transplanters practicing in the developing world to reconcile the difference between what is possible and what is available. On the basis of 18 years of experience and more than 1300 transplants, this article will focus on special issues, which we think are important for hematopoietic SCT practices in developing countries, taking the program in Egypt as an example that may be applicable to other countries in the developing world. The SCT program in Egypt started in 1989 on a narrow scale. In 1997, the transplant rate increased dramatically with the opening of the SCT unit at the Nasser Institute. Our team is registered in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. The total number of transplants performed till June 2007 is 1362; 80% of the cases are allogeneic and 20% autologous. There are seven other centers in Egypt performing mainly autologous transplants.