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The globe artichoke cv. 'Balady' is considered one of the most important cultivars in Egypt due to the earliness of its flowering compared with other cultivars, but the size of its head is small. Two field experiments were conducted during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021growing seasons to assess the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (KN) alone or in various combinations on the growth, earliness, productivity, and head quality of globe artichokes. The results showed that plants treated with combination of GA3 (20 ppm) and KN (50 ppm) had superior effects on growth, number of early heads feddan-1, total number of heads feddan-1, fresh weight of head, and head size as measured by length, and diameter of the head. Comparison with the control, the foliar spraying of 20 ppm GA3 + 50 ppm KN raised the percentages of number of early head feddan-1 by 180 %, total number of head feddan-1 by24%, head fresh weight by 8%, head length by 21% and head diameter by 21%, in both seasons. Also, the same treatment recorded the highest values for the leaf minerals and chlorophyll contents as well as head quality traits (minerals, protein, inulin and ascorbic acid content). However, only the content of total phenolic compounds in heads was reduced with all exogenous hormone applications. Therefore, the combined treatment with 20 ppm GA3 and50ppm KN might be considered as an optimal treatment to produce the highest yield with good quality of globe artichoke cv. 'Balady'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microelements and plant growth regulators are essential to sustain the crop production of traditional and organic farming systems. Thus, a 2–year field experiment was conducted the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University at "Demo" district, Fayoum Governorate, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 The study aimed to examine the effects of zinc sulfate, cytokinin rates and yeast extract concentrations and their interactions on yield and yield attributes of wheat plants. Along the two seasons, yeast extract concentrations had statistically significant effect on plant height, spikes number per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and crud protein percentage. Wheat plants treated with 0.50 ml/liter cytokinin rate surpassed to untreated plants on plant height, spikes number per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield in two seasons (2018-2019) and (2019-2020). A significant effect in 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and crud protein percentage were obtained by spraying wheat plants with zinc sulfate concentrations in both seasons. Interaction between zinc sulfate (1 g/liter) x cytokinin rate (0.50 ml/liter) and yeast extract concentration (5 or 10 g/liter) showed that producing the highest values of grain yield (ton/fed) and straw yield (ton/fed). Also, the data reflect appositive result of this chemical substance on maximization wheat productivity under these experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two field experiments were соnduсtеd аt the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University at "Demo" Fayoum Governorate, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2018/2019 and /2019/2020. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of cytokinin, yeast extract, zinc and their interaction on growth of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The experimental layout was a split- split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications where zinc concentrations (control, 1g/liter, 2g/liter) were considered as the main plot, cytokinin rates (control, 0.25ml/liter, 0.50ml/liter )arranged in the sub plot and the sub-sub plot occupied by yeast extract levels treatments(control, 5g/liter, 10g/liter). Data indicated that zinc concentrations had insignificant effect on the characteristics of number of tillers/plant, number of leaves/plant, plant leaf area, and leaf content of chlorophyllat 100 days from sowing (DAS). While the addition of mid-level of zinc zn1 (1g/l) led to a significant increase at 70 and 85 DAS. Increasing the cytokinin concentration led to an increase in plant height at 100 DAS in the second season only. As for the number of tillers/plant in both seasons at 85 DAS, but the number of leaves/plant it did not reach the significant level. Cytokinin concentration had no significant effect on leaf area/plant, flag leaf area and leaf content of chlorophyll. Increasing the concentration of yeast extract which foliar application to wheat plants led to a significant increase in the leaf area/plant and leaf content of chlorophyll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]