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Accurate mapping plays a crucial role in the management of natural hazards, particularly in the monitoring of sand dune movement. In this research, we focused on modeling sand dune encroachment in a specific study area situated between latitudes 25° 26' 30" N and 27° 49' N, and longitudes 27° 28' E and 31° 08' E, located in the central Western Desert of Egypt. To accomplish this, we employed advanced machine learning techniques, such as linear support vector machines (SVM), and integrated machine learning algorithms with spatial data types using GIS and R software. To identify dune accumulations from various multispectral sensors, we proposed a novel index called the Drifting Sand Index (DSI). The effectiveness of the DSI was demonstrated, highlighting its significant potential for mapping and monitoring dunes in the study area. Through the utilization of different data sources and field surveys, we identified approximately 150 sand dune locations in the study area. For the sand dune encroachment modeling, we generated nine variables, including slope, aspect, altitude, lithology, distance to roads, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land use/land cover (LULC), wind speed, and direction and soil properties. The results obtained from the DSI indicated that the movement of dunes in the study area ranged approximately 4.9 m/yr towards the southeast. By employing the SVM model, we were able to produce a comprehensive map illustrating the risks associated with sand dune encroachment. The sand dunes hazard zones were classified into five categories: very low (47.1 km2), low (11285.7 km2), medium (356.8 km2), high (9519.1 km2), and very high-risk (16552.1 km2) zones. The area under curve (AUC) approach has been applied to evaluate, validate, and compare the SVM model performance. The results indicated that AUC values for nine MLTs range from 95.1%. The RMSE value for the applied MLT was determined to be 0.391, indicating a significant agreement between the model and reality..The information derived from this study will contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals and the preservation of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Egypt had seismic activity. These seismic events have affected the stability of minarets, especially historical ones. Weight is one of the minaret's main stability factors. The main objective of the current research is to perform a three-dimensional (3D) assessment of an existing minaret, determine its accurate spatial model, document its current condition, examine its stability in the event of earthquakes, and identify the requisite measures to safeguard the minaret from any potential damage. The masonry to construct the minaret was used by extracting and examining specimens of this substance to determine its physical characteristics. The current work created three-dimensional models of the Abou-Ghanam El-Bialy minaret using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to document its current condition, as well as minaret was subjected to a free vibration analysis using 3D finite element modeling. Finally, the minaret's seismic behavior was assessed utilizing mode forms, base responses, and normal stresses. The surveying method effectively documented the Minarets' existing case. The 3D seismic analysis showed that the minaret responded dynamically to earthquake loading, with mode shapes, base reactions, and normal stresses being crucial characteristics. Based on these data, we may suggest procedures to protect the minaret during seismic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients are more likely than the general population to suffer from thyroid illness. The major goal was to assess the thyroid dysfunctions due to immunological factors in Egyptian SLE children and how they are related to the course and severity of the illness. Methods: Fifty children and adolescents with SLE are included in this cross-sectional observational study. Every patient underwent a thorough physical examination and a comprehensive history taking. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach was used to evaluate the thyroid profile, anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-TG), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. Results: Of the 50 patients, the female: male ratio (F: M = 7:1) was 44 females and 6 males (12%). They were between the ages of 5 and 17. Out of the patients, thirty-two (64%) had thyroid dysfunctions, 19 (38%) had euthyroid sick syndrome, ten (20%) had overt hypothyroidism, three (6%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, and none had hyperthyroidism. Of the 50 patients, one (2%) had increased anti-TPO, whereas all other patients had normal anti-TG levels. A statistically significant negative correlation (p-value 0.007) was seen between the disease duration and free thyroxine (FT4). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation (p-values 0.015 and 0.028) was found when comparing the disease duration with thyroid antibodies (anti-TG and anti-TPO). Conclusion: In Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (JSLE), thyroid dysfunctions can be identified. The disease duration but not its activity was significantly correlated with thyroid antibodies. For children with JSLE, thyroid function testing should be done on a regular basis. It is preferable to carry out additional thyroid antibody tests when necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an essential food for half of the global population and is vital in maintaining global food security. Climate change, increasing population and recent incident of COVID pandemic has generated financial burden and threaten the global food security. Due to theses factors rice cultivation also has to face significant challenges. frequent weather changes pose a considerable challenge to agricultural planning, which was previously relaying on consistent seasonal variations. In this context, rice cultivation is particularly sensitive to cold, where its development and productivity inhibited by low temperatures (< 18 °C). Developing rice varietes with low temprature tolerence and good yield potential is one of the major goals of current breeding efforts of plant scientists. For this purpose, short duration and early rice varieties are most favorable to avoid cold stress and yield more in less number of days. this study was designed to investigate the effect of low temperatures on different rice varieties. the study was designed to identify low temprature tolerent genotypes with early and regular cultivation. For this, thirty-four genotypes were evaluated in two gorwing seasons (2018–2019) with four different sowing times. Statistically sowing time showed significant interaction between all yield contributing parameters. The data indicate that exposure to low temperatures during the reproductive phase prolongs the maturation period of the crop, also length of the panicle and the fertility of the spikelets drops, resulting in a significant decrease in the production of sensitive varieties. Some varieties are more sensitive to cold stress compared to others. In the Egyptian context, Giza176, Sakha104, and Sakha107 are recommended for early cultivation, while the genotypes Giza 179, Sakha101, Sakha104, and GZ 9730-1-1-1-1 are indicated for the normal cultivation period. The Sakha104 variety is particularly notable, as it is recommended for both purposes. In addition, the data obtained in this study provide valuable information for selecting rice varieties suitable for double cropping in the North Delta of Egypt. This study also contributes to the existing literature, providing insights into the resilience of rice cultivation in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rising living standards and population growth, saving fresh water will be a significant problem for the next generation. The Government is indirectly impacted by a significant financial burden due to the current usage of treated wastewater, in all of Egypt’s districts. As a case study, Egypt’s new administrative capital was chosen, given that it is today one of the most important cities and that its planning was predicated on making it a smart, sustainable city. The goal of the study was to develop methods for replacing potable water in the manufacture of concrete with tertiary-treated wastewater; however, used for concrete mixing or curing after concrete hardening. Property assessments of the fresh and hardened concrete were conducted, to ascertain the best water quality that can be used without compromising the quality or durability of the concrete. ; The results of this paper will serve as a guide for decision-makers looking to decrease costs and increase sustainability by using treated wastewater in making sustainable concrete for buildings, especially in recent decades, rising construction material usage has generated considerable environmental difficulties, particularly in the production of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Video games have become a prevalent source of entertainment, especially among children. Furthermore, the amount of time spent playing video games has grown dramatically. The purpose of this research was to examine the mediation effects of attention and child memory on the relationship between video games addiction and cognitive and learning abilities in Egyptian children. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used in the current study in two schools affiliated with Dakahlia District, Egypt. The study included 169 children aged 9 to 13 who met the inclusion criteria, and their mothers provided the questionnaire responses. The data collection methods were performed over approximately four months from February to May. Data were collected using different tools: Socio-demographic Interview, Game Addiction Scale for Children (GASC), Children's Memory Questionnaire (CMQ), Clinical Attention Problems Scale, Learning, Executive, and Attention Functioning (LEAF) Scale. Results: There was a significant indirect effect of video game addiction on cognitive and learning skills through attention, but not child memory. Video game addiction has a significant impact on children's attention and memory. Both attention and memory have a significant impact on a child's cognitive and learning skills. Conclusions: These results revealed the significant effect of video game addiction on cognitive and learning abilities in the presence of mediators. It also suggested that attention-focused therapies might play an important role in minimizing the harmful effects of video game addiction on cognitive and learning abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trichuris spp. (whipworms) are soil-transmitted helminths distributed worldwide, parasitizing several mammalian hosts such as ruminants, primates, and rodents. Trichuris spp. is one of the most common intestinal parasites affecting both humans and animals, and it can spread directly through the fecal-oral route, resulting in severe illness and financial loss. So, this work aims to detect the frequency of Trichuris spp. in camels in Beheira Governorate, Egypt, and to identify Trichuris spp. through morphometrical studies, molecular analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. Results: A total of 35 dromedaries out of 127 investigated had Trichuris spp. infection, meaning that the overall prevalence was 27.56%. The age of the camel affected the infection rate, older animals (> 5 years) having a higher prevalence of infection (24%) than animals of ages (< 3 years) (20%) than animals of ages (3–5 years) (19.14%). According to season: Trichuris spp. showed a unique pattern in camels in different seasons: summer (31.25%) > autumn (28.13%) > spring (25.8%) > winter (25%) indicating year-round infection. T. globulosa was identified morphometrically from camels in Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The BLAST analysis revealed the presence of T. globulosa isolate from camels using the Genbank database depending on nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (18s) and cytochrome b (Cytb) genes. Conclusion: A high prevalence of T. globulosa was found in camels in Beheira Governorate, Egypt. This is the first report to confirm the identification of T. globulosa from camel based on morphometrical studies and molecular and phylogenetic analysis in Egypt. More thorough studies on the incidence, molecular, and genetic analysis of Trichuris spp. in Egypt are required in addition to camel control programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavement management systems (PMS) are considered to be crucial tools for agencies in managing their pavement networks and using accessible budgets in an appropriate technique. In this paper, a newly developed condition rating index [modified pavement condition rating (MPCR)] was used to assess the current and future pavement performance. The pavement future performance in terms of MPCR was predicted using two models: (1) a stochastic Markov chain model, and (2) an artificial neural network (ANN) model. In Markov chain modeling, the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database was used to develop the transition probability matrix (TPM). An ANN model for future pavement performance prediction was developed based on the same LTPP data. For both models, 245 data points from the LTPP data were used for deterioration modeling. Both models were verified using LTPP data and data obtained from the General Authority of Roads, Bridges and Land Transport (GARBLT), Egypt. The Markov chain and ANN results were compared. The Markov chain model performed better than the ANN model, with a coefficient of determination, R2 , of 0.9 and RMS Error (RMSE) of 0.1268. the ANN model yielded an R2 of only 0.53 and a RMSE of 0.2205. Increasing the number data points did not lead to a significant improvement in the ANN model accuracy. A multiobjective particle swarm optimization (PSO) model is used for fund allocation to maximize the average pavement condition and minimize the maintenance cost. The developed optimization model was tested on two benchmark optimization problems to ensure its validity for real-life applications. The developed optimization model was used on a network of roads and was found to be capable of generating optimal or near-optimal solutions for the maintenance decisions to keep the pavement in good workable condition. As such, the current study presents a comprehensive development tackling different modules of a pavement management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyberbullying has emerged as a pervasive problem among high school students, with potentially severe consequences for their mental well-being. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and associations of cyberbullying with stress and mental well-being among high school students in Zagazig, Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 562 high school students using a random sampling technique. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Cyberbullying Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, multiple regression, mediation, and logistic regression analyses were employed for data analysis. The prevalence of cyberbullying victimization was 38.3%, with 20.6% exposed to two or three cyberbullying behaviors and 4.1% exposed to four or more. Female students, those under 18 years old, those with lower educational achievement, and those with higher daily internet use were more likely to experience cyberbullying. Cyberbullied students reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress and poorer mental well-being compared to non-cyberbullied students. Perceived stress likely mediated the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and general psychological health. Cyberbullying is a significant problem among high school students in Zagazig, Egypt, with detrimental effects on their stress levels and mental well-being. Targeted interventions and prevention strategies are needed to address cyberbullying and promote the well-being of adolescents in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aims of this research are to investigate the reasons for adopting big data (BD) and big data analytics (BDA), determine their extent of usage, and identify potential obstacles to their adoption in a developing country, Egypt. Motivation: Prior literature criticized the audit profession for the slow adoption of BDA, and little is known about the adoption of BD and BDA in developing countries. The reluctance to incorporate BD and BDA into auditing can be attributed to their potential obstacles. In addition, prior studies focused on the Big-4 audit firms in developed countries with little known about adopting BD and BDA in local audit firms and developing countries. Design/methodology/approach:To achieve the objectives of this study, 16 audit practitioners with various positions, specializations, and experience levels were interviewed. The 16 participants belong to audit firms of different sizes: international audit firms, local audit firms, and a governmental auditing agency. Thematic analysis was employed through using the MAXQDA software package to analyze the data. Main findings: The findings revealed that the reasons for using BD and BDA go beyond improving audit efficiency and effectiveness and satisfying clients. All audit firms collect and analyze large volumes of traditional accounting data. However, the Big-4 firms manage and analyze non-financial data and new data items as complementary audit evidence. Also, it was found that the type of audit firm affects the use of these technologies, with international firms being superior to other firms. The Accountability State Authority lags behind other audit firms in adopting BD and BDA. Furthermore, it was found that some obstacles to adopting BD and BDA arise due to the specific characteristics of the Egyptian context, while others are universal. Practical implications/Managerial impact: Determining the reasons for and obstacles to adopting BD BDA is useful for audit firms and regulators to remove these obstacles and encourage using such new audit technologies. The findings might help developers of BDA software packages to enhance their packages to meet auditor requirements. Moreover, academic scholars can benefit from the findings of this study by gaining an understanding of the main differences between developed and developing countries in relation to adopting BD and BDA. Novelty/Contribution: This study was conducted in Egypt, a developing country with a an underdeveloped audit environment. Therefore, this study enriches the relevant literature by providing information about BD and BDA in an unexplored developing environment. Besides, it delves deeper into the reasons and obstacles to using BD and BDA in external financial auditing in a developing country. Also, it adds to the literature by identifying the most common BDA software packages and techniques that auditors use in a developing country. Moreover, it considers audit practitioners' viewpoints on audit firms of various sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geochemical and mineralogical investigations conducted on a core retrieved from a paleolake in Faiyum Depression, Egypt, reveal a variation in two precipitation patterns; these are the Ethiopian African Monsoon (EAM) at the Nile Headwaters and the Mediterranean winter rains. The heavy mineral assemblage, and the geochemical characteristics, exhibit significant shifts in clastic input to the paleolake. These variations suggest shifting in the sources of sediment, with an East African origin during the African Humid Period (AHP) and in the Late Holocene, and a White Nile source during the Late Pleistocene and Middle Holocene. Geochemical data is additionally utilized in the determination of variations in the properties of the paleo-water (paleo-salinity and paleo-productivity). The paleo-water of Faiyum Lake exhibited characteristics of a substantial freshwater body during the Early to Mid-Holocene. During the subsequent period, there was a sudden drop in the lake level, accompanied by a subsequent rise in salinity due to hydrological modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt is among the world's largest producers of sugarcane. This crop is of great economic importance in the country, as it serves as a primary source of sugar, a vital strategic material. The pre-cutting planting mode is the most used technique for cultivating sugarcane in Egypt. However, this method is plagued by several issues that adversely affect the quality of the crop. A proposed solution to these problems is the implementation of a sugarcane-seed-cutting device, which incorporates automatic identification technology for optimal efficiency. The aim is to enhance the cutting quality and efficiency of the pre-cutting planting mode of sugarcane. The developed machine consists of a feeding system, a node scanning and detection system, a node cutting system, a sugarcane seed counting and monitoring system, and a control system. The current research aims to study the pulse widths (PW) of three-color channels (R, G, and B) of the RGB color sensors under laboratory conditions. The output PW of red, green, and blue channel values were recorded at three color types for hand-colored nodes [black, red, and blue], three speeds of the feeding system [7.5 m/min, 5 m/min, and 4.3 m/min], three installing heights of the RGB color sensors [2.0 cm, 3.0 cm, and 4.0 cm], and three widths of the colored line [10.0 mm, 7.0 mm, and 3.0 mm]. The laboratory test results s to identify hand-colored sugarcane nodes showed that the recognition rate ranged from 95% to 100% and the average scanning time ranged from 1.0 s to 1.75 s. The capacity of the developed machine ranged up to 1200 seeds per hour. The highest performance of the developed machine was 100% when using hand-colored sugarcane stalks with a 10 mm blue color line and installing the RGB color sensor at 2.0 cm in height, as well as increasing the speed of the feeding system to 7.5 m/min. The use of IoT and RGB color sensors has made it possible to get analytical indicators like those achieved with other automatic systems for cutting sugar cane seeds without requiring the use of computers or expensive, fast industrial cameras for image processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy. Preoperative accurate judgment of the degree of tissue invasion is crucial to determine the plan of therapy. We aimed in the current study to evaluate the role of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in differentiating muscle invasive from non-muscle invasive carcinomas. Results: Values of IVIM-derived true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (F) and ADC were lower in muscle invasive carcinomas than non-invasive masses with p values < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively. In MIBC, ADC was (0.9 × 10−3 mm2/s), D was (0.8 × 10−3 mm2/s), D* was (6.9 × 10−3 mm2/s) and F was (16.9%). In NMIBC, ADC was (1 × 10−3 mm2/s), D was (1.1 × 10−3 mm2/s), D* was (10.2 × 10−3 mm2/s) and F was (17.7%). Mass D cut off values, sensitivity and specificity and AUC were < 0.9, 83.93, 96.30 and 0.945, respectively. Mass ADC cut off values, sensitivity and specificity and AUC were < 1.09, 87.50, 51.85 and 0.721, respectively. The degree of agreement between IVIM parameters and the pathological staging was assessed by Kappa test. The best agreement was detected for mass D (K = 0.796), while the mass ADC and wall beside mass D showed moderate and fair agreement (k = 0.418 and 0.325, respectively). Conclusions: IVIM MRI parameters and ADC map can be utilized to detect the degree of tissue invasion caused by bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research offers a perspective on the hierarchical facies and the development of an Oligo-Miocene sequence of pyroclastics and lava flows within a continental rift associated with the tectonic activity of the Red Sea. The study deals with genesis, eruption mechanism, magma type, paleo-depositional evolution, and post-depositional history of the studied volcanic rocks overlying the fluviomarine rock sequence of the Jebel Qatrani Formation at Tell El-Zalat, northern Western Desert of Egypt. The study was conducted using an integrated methodology that combines facies analysis and geochemistry. This approach involved field observations, optical polarizing microscopy examination, and the utilization of X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. The present contribution recognizes two facies association represented by lower stratified tuff and upper flood basalt based on their stratigraphic position, lithology, microscopic features, and geochemical attributes. The lower stratified tuff facies is differentiated into three distinct sub-facies that were evolved from calc-alkaline magma and rang in composition from basaltic andesite to rhyolite. Microscopically, the tuff consists of coarse crystal tuff, lithic crystal lapilli tuff, dolomitic coarse crystal tuff, and calcareous-siliceous crystal tuff microfacies. The existence of calcareous body and immiscible calcareous-siliceous zones comprising scattered micro-diamond grains within the lower stratified tuff indicates mantle metasomatism. The upper flood basalt flow was evolved from silica-saturated tholeiitic magma ascent along fissures initiated during Pre-Cambrian and have been reactivated in Oligo-Miocene time. The basalt flow comprises porphyritic olivine basalt and hypocrystalline basalt microfacies types. The alteration in volcanic activity style within Tell El-Zalat area is evident. The shift in the volcanic eruption mechanism is substantiated by the facies hierarchy, with tuffs at the base and basalt lava flow at the summit. The close spatial stratigraphic relationship between the two facies indicates that there were no significant variations in tectonic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gut microbiota is a diverse group of bacteria living in digestive tract of human. Imbalance of this community (dysbiosis) was linked to several gastrointestinal diseases. Our objective was to assess the alterations in gut microbiota among patients with colorectal disorders. Methodology: This study enrolled 70 patients with colorectal diseases and 30 controls. All participants were subjected to total colonoscopy and biopsy taking for histopathology investigation. Stool samples were collected, homogenized and divided to four portions for aerobic, anaerobic culture and 16S rRNA PCR based sequencing analysis. Results: This study included 30 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 20 patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA) and 20 patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Regarding microbiota analysis in controls, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes represented 72.7%, 15.1%, 9.1% and 3.0% respectively. None of the potential pathogens H. pylori and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated. For UC patients, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria represented 51.4%, 32.4% and 14.3% respectively. None of Bifidobacterium spp. was isolated from UC patients. For CRA and CRC patients, Proteobacteria was the most frequently isolated (38.7%, 56.7%) followed by Firmicutes (29.0%, 17.8%) and then the Bacteroidetes (20.9%, 13.4%) respectively. Isolated H. pylori and Pseudomonas spp. represented (9.6% &16.4%) and (8.1% & 14.9%) from CRA and CRC patients respectively. The totally isolated Firmicutes in controls, UC, CRA and CRC patients were 24, 3.6, 1.4 and 2 times the isolated Bacteroidetes respectively. Conclusion: Gut microbiota differs between patients and controls. Future studies can assess modifying gut microbiota in high-risk CRC patients as a preventative intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walkability has been linked to quality of life in many ways. The Walk Score is one of several methodologies aimed at assisting people in evaluating walkability. Despite the validation of this method, the amenity schedule around the day and the occupancy percentage in each amenity are not included in the calculation of the Walk Score, resulting in reduced accuracy. The research aims to improve the Walk Score methodology by inserting the amenity schedule around the day and the occupancy percentage in each amenity in the calculating method of the walk score, as the amenities do not have the same occupancy throughout the day. The research proposes a new method to calculate the Walk Score according to the time and occupancy for each amenity at the residential neighborhood level in Egypt. The research uses Salam New City as a case study to apply the new method to a residential neighborhood using the Urban Modelling Interference (Umi) plugin. Finally, the research proposes the Walk Score Model of Salam New City to calculate the Walk Score around the day. The new Walk Score model helps urban planners improve urban space design and the distribution of amenities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of heterogeneous Fenton process combined with biological and physical treatment of sanitary landfill leachate has been evaluated. Leachate used in this study was collected from the drainage system of a landfill in Borg El-Arab city – Egypt. As a pre-treatment step, the collected leachate was subjected to ammonia stripping at pH 10.0 for 6 h to reduce the ammonia toxicity for the subsequent biological treatment steps. In this step, over 80% of the ammonia content of the leachate could be removed. Then, the ammonia-stripped leachate was subjected to heterogeneous Fenton process or to aerobic biological treatment. At its optimum operating conditions namely; 37.18 g/L H2O2, 5 g/L catalyst and a reaction time of 4 h, the use of heterogeneous Fenton process achieved COD removal up to 73%. Corresponding COD removal obtained after biological treatment was 68%. To select the best sequence of the treatment steps, the ammonia-stripped sanitary landfill leachate was subjected to two treatment trains. The first one was biological treatment followed by heterogeneous Fenton process; while, the second was heterogeneous Fenton process followed by biological treatment. The highest reductions of the organic compounds and ammonia were achieved after using biological treatment followed by the heterogeneous Fenton process. The use of this treatment configuration achieved total COD, BOD and NH4-N removals of 88%, 84% and 96% respectively. Accordingly, the proposed treatment train can be considered effective in the treatment of landfill leachate and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of biosecurity practices in broiler farms is a must for its success. This study was carried out to score the biosecurity measures in three broiler farms in the Dakahliya – Egypt in relation to the seasonal prevalence of colibacillosis and salmonellosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected three broiler farms of different housing systems from (July 2022- June 2023). A total of 540 litter samples were collected during four successive seasons. The computed average score for the three broiler farms; A, B, & C was 14, 15 and 26, respectively, out of 39 estimated items. The findings showed that farm C had better levels of commitment and discipline to biosecurity measures than the other two broiler farms. Highly significant increases of E. coli (p<0.0001) in summer compared to other seasons in the broiler farms with the lowest prevalence rate in farm C with the highest biosecurity score. The same pattern was found for Salmonella prevalence of (p<0.0001) in broiler farms during summer months. Insufficient biosecurity measures in broiler houses were not enough to prevent the entrance and multiplication of E. coli & Salmonella spp. Disciplines, commitment, and regulations of biosecurity need to be enforced in broiler houses to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant global health concern. The prevailing genotype of HCV in Egypt is 4a, commonly referred to as GT‐4a. A significant proportion exceeding 50% of patients infected with HCV experience extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs), encompassing a diverse range of clinical presentations. These manifestations, including essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), can serve as initial and solitary indicators of the disease. The complete understanding of the pathogenesis of EHM remains unclear, with autoimmune phenomena being recognized as the primary causative factor. In this study, we examined the predictive significance of T‐cell subpopulations in relation to the occurrence and prognosis of cryoglobulinemia in HCV patients. A total of 450 CHC genotype four treatment naïve patients were enrolled in this analytic cross‐sectional study after thorough clinical, laboratory, and radiological examinations. All patients underwent laboratory investigations, including testing for cryoglobulin antibodies and measurements of CD4 and CD8 levels; two groups were described according to their test results: Group 1 consists of patients who have tested positive for cryoglobulin antibodies and Group 2 consists of patients who have tested negative for cryoglobulin antibodies. The exclusion criteria encompassed individuals with HIV infection or chronic HBV infection. Additionally, pelvi‐abdominal ultrasonography was performed. Our study included 450 treatment naïve CHC patients (59% male, mean age 50.8 years). The patients were categorized according to their cryoglobulin antibodys test results into two groups: group A, CHC patients with cryoglobulin antibodies (Abs) negative (364 patients), and group B, CHC patients with cryoglobulin Ab positive (86 patients). Group B demonstrated a higher average age, elevated international normalized ratio, more prolonged duration of HCV infection, lower albumin, higher alanine aminotransferase, higher aspartate aminotransferase, higher bilirubin, lower CD8, lower CD4, and lower CD4:CD8 ratio. In contrast, 27 out of 86 (31.40%) patients in group B had symptoms; 85.8% had purpura and arthralgia, 74.3% had paresthesias, 86.7% had weakness, and 12.2% had non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. The levels of CD4 and CD8 were found to be decreased in chronic HCV patients with MC. T‐cell subpopulation serves as a reliable indicator for assessing the prevalence and prognosis of MC in individuals with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C. However, additional research is needed to further understand the development and spread of various emerging infectious diseases. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that a critical threshold may exist beyond which EHM reaches a point of no return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The population genetic and molecular evidence of the Arabian goat breed's phylogenetic standing (Capra hircus) is misunderstood, and little is known about genetic diversity in this species. Despite their importance in producing meat and milk, as well as their capacity to endure difficult conditions with little access to food and water, goats are the most common animal in Arab countries. We investigated the phylogenetic history and demographics of domestic goats by sequencing a hypervariable segment of the mtDNA reference region for Baladi, Demuscous, and Zaraibi breeds, as well as sequences retrieved from 16 Arab countries. Three significantly divergent lineages associated with Africa and the Middle East were identified through phylogenetic analysis of the investigated strains of Egyptian goats' mtDNA D-loop region. All Egyptian goats were allocated to lineage A, which is made up of 445 different haplotypes, including Egyptian and Arabian goats. Diversity in haplotypes and in nucleotides for each Arabian goat population was calculated separately and estimated to be 0.99835 and 0.02576, respectively. Finally, we suggest that all goat lineages descend from a single clan. The ancient world's migration and travel may have influenced goat diversity, implying that goats had multiple matrilineal forebears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of reasons have been proposed for the poor quality of higher education in the Arab world, including the poor incentive structures of public higher education institutions. The expansion of private higher education has been hailed as an important part of enhancing incentives and thus improving education quality. However, it is not clear whether the practices of private higher education institutions differ from those of public institutions. This article explores whether private provision improves the quality of higher education, as measured by pedagogy, accountability, and student perceptions of quality. The analysis focuses on commerce and information technology programs in Egypt and Jordan. The results indicate that pedagogy, accountability, and student perceptions of quality do not vary systematically by type of higher education institution in these countries and that expanding the role of private institutions in higher education is therefore unlikely to automatically improve educational processes or quality.

Avian salmonellosis is concomitant with high financial crises in the poultry industry as well as food-borne illness in man. The present study is designed to investigate the emergence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in diseased broilers, resistance profiles, and monitoring virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Consequently, 450 samples (cloacal swabs, liver, and spleen) were collected from 150 diseased birds from different farms in Giza Governorate, Egypt. Subsequently, the bacteriological examination was done. Afterward, the obtained Salmonella isolates were tested for serogrouping, antibiogram, PCR monitoring of virulence (invA, stn,hilA, and pefA), and antimicrobial resistance genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaNDM, ermA, sul1, tetA, and aadA1). The total prevalence of Salmonella in the examined diseased broilers was 9.3%, and the highest prevalence was noticed in cloacal swabs. Among the recovered Salmonella isolates (n = 35), 20 serovars were recognized as S. Enteritidis and 15 serovars were identified as S. Typhimurium. Almost 60% of the retrieved S. Enteritidis serovars were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) to seven antimicrobial classes and inherited sul1, blaTEM, tetA,blaCTX-M, ereA, and aadA1 genes. Likewise, 25% of the recovered S. Enteritidis serovars were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to six classes and have sul1, blaTEM, tetA,blaCTX-M, and ereA resistance genes. Also, 66.7% of the retrieved S. Typhimurium serovars were XDR to seven classes and have sul1, blaTEM, tetA,blaCTX-M, ereA, and aadA1 genes. Succinctly, this report underlined the reemergence of XDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in broiler chickens. Meropenem and norfloxacin exposed a hopeful antimicrobial activity toward the re-emerging XDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in broilers. Moreover, the recurrence of these XDR Salmonella strains poses a potential public health threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alexandria Science Exchange Journal is the property of Alexandria Science Exchange Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Improving cotton yield and fiber quality is a necessity to supply the increasing demand for natural fibers manufacturing. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate nano-silicon (Si) and boron (B) foliar applications on growth, yield and fiber quality of Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 92, 94, and 95). Field experiments were conducted in the Agricultural Research and Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt during seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiments were laid out in a split-plot based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with five replicates. Six foliar applications (control, convention-Si, nano-Si, B, convention-Si + B, and nano-Si + B) were performed three times (45, 65, and 80 days after sowing). Results showed the superiority of Giza 95 in total and open bolls plant−1, boll weight, lint% and seed cotton yield, Giza 92 in plant height, sympodial branches plant−1 and fiber quality, while Giza 94 in seed index and color attributes. Individual nano-Si was superior in plant height (119.8 cm), boll weight (2.42 g), lint% (38.8%), seed cotton yield (40.26 g plant−1 and 3670 kg ha−1), uniformity index (85.85%), while individual B was superior in total (23.14) and open (19.91) bolls/plant. Individual Si or B had an equivalent effect on seed index, fiber length, strength and color attributes. compared with convention-Si + B, Nano-Si + B significantly increased plant height (3.42%), total (5.34%) and open (4.44%) bolls plant−1, boll weight (3.21%), lint% (1.82%), uniformity index (1.41%) while insignificantly differed in seed cotton yield, fiber length and strength. Therefore, nano-Si + B foliar applications are recommended to improve cotton production and fiber quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinostomum (a digenetic trematode) infests tilapia and causes several disease problems. Moreover, Clinostomum has zoonotic importance. Pseudomonas putida is regarded as one of the significant pathogens that have threatened freshwater fishes resulting in high mortality and severe economic loss. This study investigates the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of P. putida recovered from both fish and their Clinostomum that may bond the Clinostomum infestation to the transmission of P. putida in Tilapia fishes. Fifty P. putida isolates from freshly dead moribund fishes and their Clinostomum, from the Nile River at Al Bahr Al Aazam, Giza, were studied. Also, 5 isolates were retrieved from the water. Biochemical, antibiogram, species-specific PCR and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene were performed. Also, Water physicochemical analysis was done. The analysis of water showed bad water quality in summer. P. putida isolates from fish, Clinostomum and water showed the exact antimicrobial susceptibility profile. The phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that P. putida isolates from fish, Clinostomum and water showed 100% similarity with each other. This result, combined with our isolation of viable P. putida from Clinostomum, proposes the transmission of this serious pathogen through the parasite. In conclusion, the high Clinostomum infestation could play a significant role in the transmission and high prevalence of P. putida in Tilapia fishes in the Nile River at Al-Bahr Al-Azam, Giza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coagulopathy is still a serious pattern of coronavirus-19 disease. We aimed to evaluate COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and multiple hemostatic markers in Egyptian patients. In addition, to assess coagulation acute phase reactants and its effect on the outcome. Methods: The study included 106 COVID-19 patients, and 51 controls. All patients were positive for COVID-19 infection by nasopharyngeal swab for detection of viral RNA by real-time PCR. In addition to baseline data and radiological findings, the coagulation profile was done with special attention to Fibrinogen, d-dimer, Factor VIII, von Willebrand factor (VWF), Protein C, Protein S, Antithrombin III (ATIII) and Lupus anticoagulant (LA)-1 and 2. Results: The results showed significantly higher VWF, d-dimer, and LA1 (screening) and LA2 (confirmation) in patients than a control group. Significantly higher d-dimer FVIII, VWF and LA1-2 were detected in the severe group. ATIII had high diagnostic accuracy in severity prediction. We found a significantly higher international randomized ratio (INR) and VWF among patients with thrombotic events. For prediction of thrombosis; VWF at cutoff > 257.7 has 83.3% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity. Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 infection are vulnerable to different forms of coagulopathy. This could be associated with poor outcomes. d-Dimer is a chief tool in diagnosis, severity evaluation but not thrombosis prediction. Early screening for this complication and its proper management would improve the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is an immunosuppressive viral disease causing high economic losses in poultry industry. In this study, 20 farms were represented for a prevalence study of the disease in Ismailia governorate, Egypt.ON532690.1 and ON532691.1 Isolates from bone marrow, thymus loops, liver, and spleen of broiler farms exhibiting some clinical and postmortem signs were used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. RT-PCR was used to amplify a 418bp product of the CIAV VP1 gene. Three farms out of 20 (15%) were positive. Phylogenetic tree of partial vp1 amino acids were classified into three groups according to change in H/22/N-Q amino acid indicated that there are three CIAV different strains circulating in Egypt. Hematological investigation revealed significant decrease in RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume declared normocytic normochromic anemia. The immunological studies revealed a significant decrease in serum lysozyme, nitric oxide (NO), antioxidants (CAT and GSH), total protein, and in the majority of serum protein fractions in infected chickens (G2) compared to apparently healthy (G1) while there were marked increase in G2 than G1 in A: Gratio. This result guides to review the vaccination programs against CIAV in Egypt for improving the immune response against the infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was carried out to determine the elemental composition of granitoid rock samples from three gold mines (Sukari, Hamash, and Um Hagalig) in the South-eastern part of Egypt and quantification of the extent of the elemental enrichment. A total of 37 samples from the mines were subjected to neutron activation analysis, and the mass fractions of the elements were measured in mg/kg. The results show a dominance of K (76.9%), Fe (11.0%), Ca (8.7%), and Na (3.1%) for Sukari mine; Na (31.2%), Ca (28.5%), K (23.1%), and Fe (9.9%) for the Hamash mine; and for the Um Hagalig mine Na (31.1%), K (22%), Ca (21.7%), and Fe (20.8%). In addition, significant mass fractions of uranium, thorium and rare earth elements were found in Hamash and Um Hagalig. The average mass fractions of U in the investigated areas are measured to be 59.7, 48.2, and 30.8 mg/kg for Hamash, Sukary, and Um Hagalig, respectively. Furthermore, the average mass fractions of Th were significant and measured to be 3905, 1673, and 7 mg/kg for Hamash, Um Hagalig, and Sukary, respectively. Multiple ratio indicators and discrimination diagrams were used to better understand the origin of the elements in the samples studied. The indicators suggest that the provenance of the elements is mainly from metavolcanic and volcanic rocks. The findings should make an important contribution to the study of ores and minerals and thus represent an important area for environmental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk identification is integral to construction management. The severe consequences of identified risk factors on time and cost performance can be addressed by improved risk management. The identification and preparation of responses to risk factors affects the risk management process directly and indirectly. Recent changes in the valuation of the Egyptian currency against foreign currencies during the last year and measures to cut down on the importation of engineering materials and equipment have had significant effects on the existing and recognized regulations concerning construction in Egypt. A pilot survey with expert engineers is a crucial step in completing research. In this research study, 15 experts were asked to discuss the collected risk factors from previous studies to verify the workability of these factors in Egypt. Thirty-five risk factors were selected during the pilot survey, which was distributed to 95 participants. To facilitate the analysis process, the collection was based on a five-point Likert scale. Therefore, redefining and arranging the risks according to the current circumstances is the main objective of this study. The proposed model identified different high-risk factors that could cumulatively affect overall performance, such as funding problems from contractors, material price fluctuations, unrealistic estimates of the duration of project activities, and shortages of construction materials in the market. Thus, to help stakeholders achieve project success, these high-risk factor components should be identified and controlled duly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two field experiments were conducted at the Experiment and Research Center, Fac. Agric., Moshtohor, Benha Univ., Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, in the summer seasons 2021 and 2022 to study the performance of seven genotypes of rice under three levels of nano-N spraying on growth, yield and its attributes. The most important results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: The results of the study revealed that the maximum highest No. tillers plant-1 (23.26 tiller), No. spikes plant-1 (19.98 panicle), panicle length (25.41 cm), panicle weight (4.39 g), 1000-grain weight (29.11 g) and grain yield plant-1 (59.48 g) obtained by spraying with 800 ml fed-1 concentration treatment, while, spraying with zero and 400 ml fed-1 concentration treatments were decreased No. days to 50% flowering in the combined analyses. Rice genotypes were highly significant affected on all of the studied characters. G2 genotype was the earliest in No. days to 50% flowering compared with other rice genotypes, whereas, G1 genotype gave the highest values of No. tillers plant-1, No. spikes plant-1, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and grain yield plant-1, while, G5 genotype gave the highest value of panicle length in the combined analyses. Effect of the interaction between nano-N spraying treatments and rice genotypes were showed highly significant for No. tillers plant-1, No. spikes plant-1, panicle length, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and grain yield plant-1. Generally, spraying with 800 ml fed-1 concentration treatment under G1 genotype recorded the highest values for these traits except panicle length in combined data. It could be complemented that under the conditions of the experiment, planting G1 genotype with spraying with 800 ml fed-1 concentration is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alexandria Science Exchange Journal is the property of Alexandria Science Exchange Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Egypt, pharmaceuticals consumption increased dramatically owing to the population growth and the unrestricted sale manner. Accordingly, the occurrence and fate of nine common pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) were scrutinized at a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Giza, Egypt. The levels of these PhACs were assessed in different the wastewater treatment stages and dewatered sludge phase using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode arrays detector. The average concentrations of the total PhACs detected in influent, primary sedimentation effluent (PSE) and final effluent (FE) were 227, 155 and 89 µg L−1, respectively. The overall removal efficiency of the individual PhACs ranged from 18 to 72% removal. The occurrence trend revealed that biodegradation and adsorption are the concurrently removal mechanisms of the studied PhACs. The overall consumption per day in West of Greater Cairo was estimated based on influent concentration of STP. Sulfamethoxazole, paracetamol and diclofenac were detected with the highest levels in the influent of STP, PSE and FE as well as in the dewatered sludge. Furthermore, the high concentrations of these compounds in the sludge confirm the adsorption pathway removal of theses PhACs. The risk quotient (RQ) assessment for the detected PhACs in FE is greatly higher than the predicted non-effect concentration (PNEC). Conclusively, the FE of STP is considered a risky source for PhACs in adjacent surface water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Stroke is the most common acquired neurological disease in the adult population worldwide with an incidence of 16 million new cases every year responsible for about 6.1 million deaths and 130.6 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The objectives of this work were to study the level of stroke awareness and the proper response for suspected stroke patients in urban and rural areas of Tanta City, Egypt. The study was conducted on 1869 Egyptian Citizens; 908 and 961 reside in urban and rural areas, respectively, who were submitted to a face-to-face interview using the stroke awareness questionnaire (Arabic version). Results: Rural participants showed a significant reduction in acute cerebrovascular stroke (CVS) awareness and knowledge including the most affected organ by CVS, what are the risk factors, what are the early stroke symptoms, is there specific treatment for acute ischemic stroke, and what is the proper reaction when confronted with a case of acute CVS? Conclusion: Urban populations have better recognition of stroke risk factors, early stroke symptoms, and the proper response when confronted with a case of acute CVS when compared with rural people possibly due to better socioeconomic status and higher educational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Around 130-170 million individuals are thought to be affected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a viral pandemic and the leading cause of persistent liver illness. The frequency of HCV infections is greatest in Egypt, where more than 10% of the general population is affected. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to confirm any potential associations between cirrhosis and the XRCC1 rs25487 variant in chronic HCV patients. Patients and methods: A fibroscan was conducted on 80 HCV +ve patients and 40 control participants for a total of 120 people to determine the extent of hepatic fibrosis. Real-time PCR was used to examine the SNP genotyping in the XRCC1 gene (rs25487). Results: There were no substantial variation in the prevalence of different genotypes in XRCC1 A > G (GG and AG) between non cirrhotic and cirrhotic in chronic HCV Egyptian patients. Conclusion: By comparing the incidence of the various genotypes (AA, AG, and GG) in the analyzed groups, no clear pattern of relationship could be seen (p=0.225). (P = 0.410) There was no distinguishable pattern of connection between the AA genotype and the other genotypes (GG and AG). Comparing the frequencies of the two alleles (A and G alleles) in the three groups under study revealed no evidence of a connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the serious threats posed by the COVID-19 virus, preventive measures and coping strategies are critical in lowering infection rates, managing disease transmission, and improving people's psychological well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of telehealth nursing intervention on psychological status and coping strategies among parents during the second wave of COVID-19. A quasi-experimental (one group pre-/posttest) design was used. A purposive sample of 209 parents in Menoufia governorate, Egypt, was collected using Google Form. Tools: (1) Structured questionnaire for parents (a) Demographic data (b) Parents' knowledge regarding COVID-19. (2) Parents' preventive practices of the COVID-19 questionnaire. (3) Parents" coping strategies with COVID-19 pandemic questionnaire. (4) Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (Arabic DASS-21). Approximately 82.8% of the participants had normal to mild depression after the telehealth nursing intervention compared with 62.6% before the telehealth nursing intervention. Approximately 55.4% of them had moderate to extremely severe level of anxiety before the telehealth nursing intervention compared with (21.6%) after the telehealth nursing intervention. Approximately 85.2% reported a normal level of stress after the telehealth nursing intervention compared with (62.7%) before the telehealth nursing. Telehealth nursing intervention was effective for improving parents' knowledge, preventive practice, and coping strategies during the second wave of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Agricultural Science Moshtohor is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the potential of integrating PV technologies on pitched roofs in Port Fouad City, Egypt, that represent the dominant style of heritage buildings in coastal cities in the Mediterranean Sea zone, considering the challenges that affect the relevance of preserving the architectural identity. This research starts with the filtration step to shortlist the relevant PV technologies, followed by the simulation step using PVsol Premium for all roof surfaces. Finally, an optimization step is performed to achieve the optimum design. According to the simulation analysis, monocrystalline and thin-film technologies dominate the results. In contrast, installation of polycrystalline technology is inadequate in such type of villas under similar weather conditions in terms of their performance ratio (PR), PV generated energy, and annual yield. Moreover, despite the light weight of the thin-film tile, we observe that the monocrystalline array is more preferable than the thin film owing to its lightest overall weight and least covered area. The optimization results indicated that monocrystalline provides the highest PR (79.4%) and annual yield (1715.1 kW h/kWp) with the smallest covered roof area (7.2 m2) and total weight (78.2 kg), whereas thin-films are more relevant in terms of color complement based on architectural theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollination is important process for date palm in terms of their influence on fruit development, quality and yield, as well as the organization’s yearly tree bearing. The development of pollination technology, which results in a reasonable level of fruit set with the use of a small number of pollen grains, is necessary to improve the productivity of date palms, especially in arid conditions. This experiment was done on Sewy date palm for both progressive seasons 2020 and 2021 at Pomology department’s farm, Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The influence of strand number on fruit Physico-chemical properties was tested. Seven levels of pollination were applied as 2, 4, 6,8,10 and 12 strands/ inflorescences. The results illustrated that the initial and final fruit set percentages, bunch weight and final crop/palm increased significantly by increasing pollination levels in both experimental seasons by treatment of 14 strands/inflorescence compared to the check treatment (8 strands/inflorescence), whereas; fruit, seed and pulp weight; TSS, acidity and sugars content decreased significantly by the same treatment (except for acidity in the 1st season and non-reducing sugars in the 2nd season). Hence, it could be concluded that pollination with 14 male strands should be possible to gain an inclusive yield and quality and increase the efficiency of the pollination process of Sewy date palms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth of unusual calcite aggregates within cavities scattered through stratigraphic interval forming the top part of the Khoman Chalk (Late Campanian–Middle Maastrichtian) characterizes one of the outcropping Cretaceous–Paleogene successions, northern Western Desert. Growth pattern of the aggregates within cavities confirms diagenetic origin. To deduce the formation mechanism and composition of the precursor mineral and to relate the spatial distribution of the aggregates in the chalk outcrop to its stimuli, the aggregates and host chalk were analyzed by means of field observations, polarizing, and scanning electron microscopy investigations and X-ray diffraction analysis. The stellate outline and stepped-like ornamentation of the cavities confirm that the studied aggregates infill dissolution cavities of marcasite. The pore water conditions fluctuated between conditions that promoted marcasite dissolution and conditions favorable for its deposition. The precursor marcasite was formed during the early stage of diagenesis in dolomitic and organic-rich chalk that has been deposited in an open marine setting on the southern Tethys shelf in Egypt. Marcasite growth took place only a short distance below the sediment–water interface under low-temperature, acidic (low-pH) water conditions, influx of hydrogen sulfide and high dissolved iron concentration in the pore waters of the host chalk. Dissolution of marcasite yielded cavities that were quickly filled with precipitation of the calcite aggregates. Finding of interval rich in calcite aggregates after marcasite near the top of the Upper Cretaceous Khoman Chalk is accompanied by the existence of the K/Pg Boundary that was also reported from nearby exposures in Egypt and along the southern and northern Tethys margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Approximately half of the population in Egypt is under the age of 25. Globally, mental illness represents the highest burden of disease in this age group. Yet in Egypt, there is still no youth‐specific mental health system in place and the vast majority of young people do not have access to any professional mental health support. The objective of this study was to describe the mental health needs of Egyptian youth and the resources they use when seeking help. Methods: An online cross‐sectional survey was distributed among medical students at Tanta University in Egypt. Of the 707 individuals who completed the survey (90.9% response rate), 60.5% were female, 62.0% lived in urban and suburban areas, and the mean age of the sample was 20.5 (±1.8) years old. Results: More than half (54%) of the students reported that they had been affected by mental health problems at some point in their lives. Anxiety and depression were the most common problems. Regarding help‐seeking behaviours, participants mainly searched the web or spoke to peers and relatives; few reported approaching medical professionals. The majority of participants (59.7%) reported being disappointed with the current mental health care system in Egypt. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of mental challenges among Egyptian youth and the health care system is not adequately prepared to respond to their needs. E‐Mental Health and online interventions seem to be a promising solution that could increase access to mental health services for Egyptian youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expansion joints (EJ)s are considered one of the weakest elements in bridges as their lifetime is considerably shorter than that of other elements. The objective of this research was to select an appropriate system for assessment and maintenance of bridges' EJs. The system seeks to predict the conditions of EJs, with the aim of offering appropriate maintenance and repair strategies that extend their life spans. An EJ management system (EJMS) was developed that optimizes cost over time, targeting the optimum maintenance strategy for EJs, through visual inspections and a genetic algorithm to construct a unique Markov chain transition matrix capable of predicting EJ deterioration. The model was tested using case studies of existing bridges in Egypt and the results were compared against visual inspection, with the comparison showing deviations between 3.2% and 8.1%. The EJMS can help decision makers in selecting the optimum maintenance strategy that maximizes the overall conditions of EJs while meeting budgetary constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which mainly affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of NMOSD based on the 2015 consensus criteria. Methods: The objective of this study was to describe the MRI characteristics of NMOSD patients in Egypt. This were a prospective, observational study on patients fulfilling the 2015 diagnostic criteria of NMOSD. Patients were recruited consecutively from the Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery hospital, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt from March 2019 until August 2020. Data on demographics, clinical and laboratory features were collected. MRI scan results were reviewed for each patient and compared according to Aquaporin4‐seropositivity. Results: Ninety patients fulfilled NMOSD diagnostic criteria. The mean age at onset was 30.7±11.8 with a female predominance of 3:1. AQP4 antibodies were positive in 77/90 patients (85.6%). Seventy‐two patients (80%) had acute myelitis, 44 cases (61.1%) had longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and 61 cases (87.1%) had a central position in the cord. Bright spotty lesions (BSL) were found in 44 cases (61.1%). The most common site of cord involvement was the cervical region. Abnormal MRI brain scans were found in 81.1% of patients. No statistically significant differences could be found between the two groups. Conclusion: There was a high frequency of abnormal spine and brain MRI findings in the Egyptian population. Even though no specific patterns were typical for AQP4‐specific serostatus, certain findings may suggest NMOSD diagnosis and warrant AQP4‐IgGs testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out during the 2019 & 2020 seasons on 15-year-old Washington navel orange trees budded on sour orange rootstock grown at 5 x 5 meters a part in loamy sand soil under surface irrigation on the private farm at Kom Hamada, El-Behera Governorate, Egypt. The main goal of this investigation was directed towards improving productivity and fruit quality of Washington navel orange trees associated with lower production cost through investigating the minimizing of chemical N fertilizers by Bio-N. Anyhow, the eight treatments involved in this study were summarized as follows: T1- Chemical N (adopted N fertilization in the farm) at 3.5kg/tree from (NH4)2SO4, T2- Urea, T3- Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4, T4- Ammonium nitrate (NH4)2NO3, T5- Nitroben (bio-N), T6- Urea + Nitroben (bio-N), T7- Ammonium sulphate + Nitroben (bio-N) and T8- Ammonium nitrate + Nitroben (bio-N). Data obtained revealed that all investigated treatments positively responded to fruit (set % and retention %), and yield/tree and fruit quality were also improved. However, T8- Ammonium nitrate+ Nitroben (bio-N) was statistically superior in this concern. Moreover, T7 - Ammonium sulphate + Nitroben (bio-N) ranked statistically second in this concern. Consequently, it can be recommended that minimizing 50 % chemical N fertilizers by Nitroben at the rate of 500cm³ per tree + 50% chemical-N (Ammonium nitrate 2.5 Kg per tress) enhanced productivity and fruit quality of Washington navel orange trees under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far, there has been scarce information regarding the circulation of E. coli in smallholding dairy buffaloes, and their products in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Hence, we aimed to characterize the pathogenic strains of E. coli that colonize smallholding dairy buffaloes, their product (including Kareish cheese) and to investigate the existence of the bacterium in some relevant environmental sources. The study included 150 samples including an equal sample size (n = 25) of raw milk, kareish cheese, water, feed, udder, and rectal swabs. Phenotypic and genotypic procedures were used to characterize the bacterial population. Twenty-eight strains from the examined samples were confirmed as E. coli (18.7 %). The recovered isolates were categorized as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (n = 11), enteropathogenic E. coli (n = 9), enterotoxigenic E. coli (n = 5) and enteroinvasive E. coli (n = 3). All isolates showed resistance to erythromycin followed by oxacillin (89.28%), and nalidixic acid (67.9 %), while 96% of the recovered isolates displayed high sensitivity to imipenem. A great proportion of the recovered E. coli (67.9%) exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Most isolates (92.9%) harbored stx1 either alone or in association with stx2 which present in 60.7% (17/28); while eaeA genes were detected in 50% among the recovered isolates in association with stx1 or combined with stx2 (n =11). Twelve isolates (42.86%) expressed all the examined beta lactamase encoding genes; while only 25% of the isolates harbored beta lactamase genes in common with stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes. Since pathogenic E. coli tested positive in the examined samples, it could pose a relevant threat and negative impact on animal as well as consumers health. The study could also emphasize the necessity of developing long-term strategies to assure dairy food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The existence of cirrhosis has been traditionally considered a contraindication, particularly for extensive hepatectomy because mortality and morbidity rates are unacceptably high. Several institutions have reported liver reserve capacity assessment methods. In addition to the Child–Pugh classification, many reports have demonstrated methods for evaluating the liver reserve, including the indocyanine green retention value (ICG-R15) and ICG clearance test (ICG-K). Aim To investigate the use of indocyanine for assessment of hepatic functional reserve in cirrhotic patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with respect to postoperative outcome to identify patients who are at risk of developing liver dysfunction. Patients and methods This was a prospective study performed on 50 patients with hepatic resection. Patients’ demographic data, preoperative laboratory investigation, resection type, and postoperative outcomes and complications were recorded from our prospectively maintained database. Their liver function reserve was evaluated by (a) preoperative ICG clearance testing [Plasma Disappearance Rate (PDR), R15] on the day prior to elective liver resection for HCC, along with analysis of postoperative outcomes, and (b) CTComputed Tomograaphy (CT) volumetric measurement at NLI, Menoufia University, Egypt, from January 2019 to December 2021. Results A total of 50 patients [male: 37 (74%) and female: 13 (26%)] with a mean age of 57.74±7.62 years were included in this study, including 17 (34%) nonanatomical liver resections and 33 (66%) anatomical liver resections. A total of 14 (28%) patients developed postoperative liver dysfunction after liver resection. ICG clearance was significantly associated with liver dysfunction. An optimal cutoff for preoperative ICG clearance to accurately predict liver dysfunction was PDR less than 17.6%/min and R15 more than 10.27%. Conclusion In cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection for HCC, preoperative findings of ICG clearance test, along with other potential risk factors such as age, type of liver resections and future liver remnant, other liver function tests, Child’s risk class, Model for End Stage Liver Disease score, and hemostasis, have to be considered before the decision of liver resection in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the environmental pollution, this study was designed to test the effect of using compost and biostimulants as total or partial replacement for mineral nitrogen on productivity and grain quality of two wheat cultivars. Two field experiments were conducted in the Desert Experimental Station, Cairo University located at Wadi El-Natroon, Egypt during two successive seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018). A split-split-plot design in a randomized complete block arrangement was used. Four fertilizer treatments (100% mineral nitrogen as control, 100% compost, 75% compost + 25% mineral nitrogen and 50% compost + 50% mineral nitrogen). Four levels of biostimulants foliar applications (control, 0.75 L ha−1, 1.13 L ha−1 and 1.5 L ha−1). Treatments were tested on two wheat cultivars (Egyptian cultivar, Gemmiza-10 and Nigerian cultivar, LacriWhit-4). Results indicated that, the treatment of 50% compost + 50% mineral nitrogen fertilizer along with 1.5 L ha−1 of biostimulants (VIUSID® agro) significantly increased the grain yield of both wheat cultivars, LacriWhit-4 and Gemmiza-10 (4.44- and 4.53-ton ha−1, respectively). The increase of grain yield was 0.9- and 1.36-ton ha−1, respectively. The treatment of 100% compost significantly increased protein, crude fiber, total sugars, Mg and Mn contents in grain while the treatment of 100% mineral nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased ash, total phenols, P and Ca contents in grain. Replacing nitrogen fertilization with compost significantly increased ether extract and carbohydrates content of the Nigerian cultivar grains while N, K and Fe contents were increased in the grains of both tested cultivars. The foliar application of biostimulants (VIUSID® agro) at different levels significantly increased protein, carbohydrates, total sugars, P, K, Ca, Cu and Zn contents. It can be concluded that replacing mineral nitrogen fertilizer with a combination of compost and mineral nitrogen (50% compost + 50% mineral nitrogen) along with 1.5 L ha−1 of biostimulants (VIUSID® agro) is recommended for the enhancement of productivity and grain quality of wheat while reducing environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]