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This research analyses tweets, interviews and observations to grasp power relations between oppressive education and liberative technology in Arab contexts. It ascertains that liberative technology may limit oppressive education and unveils that oppressive education may restrict liberative technology or exploit technology as instruments for further oppression. It discloses that oppressive education may apply liberative technology to oppress itself or may tolerate liberative technology to gain vested interests. It reasons that students may use technology to counter-oppress oppressive education, meaning that education and students undertake repressive 'battles', turning oppression into a lifestyle. It proclaims that students may, online, incite the public against education. It indicates that, in societies where the crowd is more powerful than authorities, oppressed students can, virtually, unite against oppressive education, meaning that 'the oppressed' (students) becomes more powerful than 'the oppressor' (education). The take-home message is that, despite the growing philosophisation of technology as oppressive tools, individuals are, as found by this article, not powerless, as they can turn technologies into liberative tools and develop emancipation out of oppression. A further proposition to be drawn from the findings is that students are not apolitically decent, as they can encounter downward oppression with even crueller upward oppression.

Background: Marriage is a crucial aspect of human life, offering profound intimacy and companionship. A successful marriage provides a sense of belonging and protection against life's challenges, while a failed marriage can lead to significant distress. Aim: This study aimed to investigate how resilience mediates the effects of perfectionism on marital adjustment. Subjects and Method: Design: A descriptive correlational design was used, adhering to STROBE guidelines. Setting: The study was conducted at the Faculties of Nursing at Damanhour University and Alexandria University, Egypt. Subjects: The sample included married nursing students, selected through convenience sampling. Tools: Data were collected using three tools: Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale ( -Item Version), Perfectionism Scale, and Marital Adjustment Scale. Results: Most participants reported high levels of resilience and marital adjustment, while perfectionism was moderate to high. Correlation analysis revealed negative correlation between resilience and perfectionism, strong positive correlation between resilience and marital adjustment, and negative correlation between perfectionism and marital adjustment. Path analysis confirmed that resilience partially mediated the negative effects of perfectionism on marital adjustment. Conclusion: The study reveals that resilience positively influences marital adjustment, while perfectionism negatively impacts it. Resilience partially mediates the relationship between perfectionism and marital adjustment, suggesting that enhancing resilience can mitigate the adverse effects of perfectionism on marital satisfaction. Implications: Mental health nurses should plan cognitive-behavioral therapy to address maladaptive perfectionism and enhance resilience, improving marital adjustment. Psycho-education and counseling programs should focus on setting realistic expectations, improving communication skills, and fostering resilience among nursing students. Premarital counseling and ongoing support can help couples manage conflicts and maintain a stable, satisfying marital relationship, contributing to their well- being and the quality of care they provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupter affecting glucose homeostasis. Objectives This study aimed to investigate BPA's relationship with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in Dakahlia Governorate's children, in Egypt. Subjects, materials and methods The study had two parts: clinical and experimental. Clinical Study was conducted on 200 children, equally divided into control and T1DM groups. They underwent: demographic data, height, weight, body mass index, glycosylated HbA1C, random blood glucose, and urinary BPA measurements. Experimental Study was conducted on 60 adult albino rats. Rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: control group: received 0.5 mL of pure olive oil, group 1: received 20 mg/kg/day BPA, and group 2: received 100 mg/kg/day BPA orally for 6 weeks. Fasting and two hours postprandial glucose levels were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Histopathological examination and imaging study of the pancreas were done. Results In clinical study: HbA1C and random blood glucose levels in diabetic children showed a significant increase compared to control. Children in control group showed controlled HbA1C, while the T1DM group showed 86% with poor diabetic control. There was a significant increase in BPA level in the T1DM group compared to the control. Rats that received BPA showed a marked increase in fasting and two hours postprandial glucose levels, histopathological changes in the pancreas with more changes determined in the high dose group, and a significant decrease in the islets of Langerhans diameters with group 2 more affected. Conclusion So, BPA exposure could be considered a risk factor for T1DM in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of neonatal mortality, particularly in developing countries, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant contributor to this problem in some Egyptian hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CTXM-15 and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance in neonates. Results:Five hundred and nine positive samples were collected from newborns at some Egyptian hospitals between March 2019 and March 2021, and 101 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using VITEK® 2. The majority of the isolates were from late-onset infections and showed high levels of resistance to several antibiotics, including Ampicillin, Ampicillin/sulbactam, Ceftazidime, and Cefotaxime. The blaCTXM-15 gene was found to be highly expressed in 66% of the multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, indicating the high level of resistance conferred by this gene. Double combination therapy was evaluated, and the combination of cefotaxime and amikacin showed the most promising results, with synergistic effects against the tested isolates. The addition of magnesium was suggested to enhance cell wall integrity, allowing cefotaxime to diffuse more easily into the cells, and the Cefotaxime-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combined disc and double disc synergy test confirmed the absence of metallobeta-lactamase CTXM-15. Conclusion:The study highlights the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates in neonatal sepsis in Egypt and demonstrates that the combination of cefotaxime and amikacin may be an effective treatment option for multidrug-resistant isolates with high CTXM-15 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of undetermined etiology was recognized in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Subsequently, a novel coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome- related Coronavirus) (SARS-CoV-2) was identified from lower respiratory tract samples obtained from affected patients. The clinical manifestation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is broad and ranges from asymptomatic and mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe illnesses with multi-organ failure and death. Furthermore, it is challenging to predict the clinical course or determine patients at risk of deterioration. Aim of the work: The aim of our study is to assess prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms in COVID 19 infected patients and to assess significance of rectal PCR in detecting COVID 19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 100 adult COVID 19 patients recently diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All patients were submitted to clinical examination, laboratory testing for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein,(CRP), Complete Blood Count (CBC), and D-dimer. Radiological investigations in the form of Computed Tomography Chest were reported by radiologist for all patients (High resolution computed tomography). Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected for COVID-19 (PCR) test. All patients received COVID-19 treatment according to protocols of World Health Organization (WHO) and Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt. Results: We found that GI symptoms are prevalent among COVID-19 Egyptian patients (64%). The most common GIT symptoms were Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. We observed that 25 patients (25%) had positive viral RiboNucleic Acid (RNA) in rectal swab. Nausea was manifested in 38 patients (38%), Vomiting was manifested in 24 patients (24%), diarrhea was manifested in 21 patients (21%), pain was manifested in 22 patients (22%), hematemesis was manifested in 3 patients (3%) and melena was manifested in 2 patients (2%). Conclusion: The results of current study demonstrated that GIT symptoms are prevalent among COVID-19 Egyptian patients (64%) with Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea to be most common symptoms. Rectal PCR was found in 25 patients, all of them had GIT symptoms but it was statistically non-significant result when compared to the overall number of COVID-19 infected patients. Severe COVID-19 was more frequent in older age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cultivation of humble leadership skills is crucial for fostering and preserving the direct organizational connection among nurses while also bolstering organizational trust and promoting the resilience of nurses in their work. The research aimed to examine the relation between humble leadership style, organizational trust, and nurse work resilience. Design: A cross-sectional analytical research design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted at Minia University Hospital and an obstetric and pediatric hospital which are affiliated with the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Subjects: A convenient sample was used in the current study; their total number was 222 nurses. Tools: Humble leadership style practices scale, Organizational Trust Scale, and Resilience at Work Scale (RAW-S). Results: The indicated findings revealed that the majority of nurses exhibited an elevated disposition towards a humble leadership style, nearly two-thirds had a moderate level of organizational trust, and most of them demonstrated resilience in their work environment. Also, a fair, positive association was found between organizational trust and work resilience. Conclusion: A humble Leadership Style as green human resource management effect positively affects organizational trust and work resilience. This is achieved through the establishment of trust among staff nurses, which in turn serves as an indicator for fostering healthy relationships and promoting resilience in the workplace. Recommendation: Managers, nurses, and human resources professionals can all benefit from advice on how to establish rapport with patients and coworkers in a healthcare setting, and administrators of healthcare facilities should prioritize fostering positive relationships between different departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational spaces are one of the most critical operations laid down with the architect, school design is a foundation to build/re-build any community. According to current financial variabilities, political crises, and continuous lack of resources, a gap between human classes is widespread, leading to extremely poor, and recently refugees' communities. Regarding to education, the problem is that traditional school buildings with fixed structures are not effective nor available to these categories with extremely low resources and barley any infrastructure, therefore, it is essential to adopt new concepts to activate the function and impact of educational spaces in these urgent communities. The study aims to create a school "system" to fulfill the task of providing educational spaces, depending on the elements of adaptability with considering social, low-cost impact according to main definitions. With implementing the child's psychological- physiological development elements, age category from 6 :13 years "Middle childhood: Early adolescence" inside the design process. In Egypt, there are several areas of extremely poor living conditions, the two highly alarming case studies are first, Upper Egypt's rural villages having the highest ratio of extreme poverty in Egypt, second, refugee camps that became part and parcel of any standing country, both representing urgent need for children's education rescue. This paper is concentrating as a beginning on first case study as it has the highest percentage of out- school children. As result, trying to fulfill the task by creating an applied school system (project-based) with the adopted criteria, suitable to selected areas main conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoked fish roes within cold smoked herring are considered a very popular ready-to-eat food in Egypt. Therefore, the microbial quality of fish roes should be of concern. The purposes of this study were to conduct bacterial analysis and the possibility of detection of foodborne pathogens. With limited application of dry heating at 85°C for 1 and 5 minutes to improve the safety of roes. To study the biogenic amines (BA) including spermine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, and spermidine in fresh, heated at 85°C for 5 min, and stored at 0°C for 6 months smoked roes. Vibrio spp. including Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio furnissii, and Vibrio carcbariae were found in 5 samples (9.6%). One Salmonella spp. (1.9%) and one Listeria monocytogenes (1.9%), 4 Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%), and 3 Bacillus cereus (5.8%) pathogens. While Clostridium botulinum (vegetative forms) was not detected. None of the aerobic, anaerobic, or selective bacterial counts existed after heating smoked roes at 85°C for 5 minutes. The average of each BA in all samples was below 3mg/100g, which is less than the 5.0 mg/100g acceptable limit recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration. Histamine and tyramine only appeared after cold storage of roes at 0°C for 6 months. Cold smoked herring roe was low in acidity (pH: 5.92), high in moisture (68.5%), protein (61.37%), and lipid content (28.7%), thus it could support the bacteria growth. Additional measures are needed to reduce the possible health risks for fish roe consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To report the causes of childhood-onset uveitis in a tertiary pediatric ophthalmology hospital in Egypt. Retrospective study of the medical records of all uveitis patients following up at a tertiary pediatric ophthalmology hospital in Egypt from January 2017 to December 2020. The present study included 388 patients. The most common anatomical category was intermediate uveitis (30.4%), and around half of these children had pars planitis. This was followed by panuveitis (25.5%), posterior uveitis (23.5%), and anterior uveitis (20.6%), in decreasing frequency. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, toxoplasmosis, and Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome were the most common causes of anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis respectively. Cataract (40.5%), glaucoma (33.8%), and cystoid macular edema (31.6%) were the most frequent ocular complications. The present report provides the relative prevalence of the different anatomical types of uveitis, as well as their main causes in a cohort of Egyptian patients with childhood-onset uveitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver is budget-friendly and full of nutrients including protein, and micronutrients as vitamin B12, vitamin A, riboflavin, copper, and iron. Liver appeared as the most affected organ among offal of slaughtered animals. This work had studied the pathological lesions in a total of 85200 different slaughtered animals in many providence abattoirs in Suez Canal region through year 2021. The direct economic loss from organs condemnation (Kg) was also assessed. In 2021, a total of 4200, 64800 and 16200 camels, cattle, and sheep respectively were slaughtered for domestic consumption. The percentage of liver lesions from camels, cattle, and sheep were 1.04%, 3.62%, and 2.85 respectively. The total economic losses due to the liver condemnation of camel, cattle and sheep were 31680 LE (2023$), 1313760 LE (83893$) and 138600 LE (8851$) respectively. The total economic loss due to liver condemnation reached 1484040 LE (94766$). The results of the current study made clear the need for the creation of an efficient program to combat Egypt's meat-related social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article does not attempt to outline the history of Egypt's Nationalist Party since its foundation by Mustafa Kamil in 1907; rather, it demonstrates the colonialist nature of early British narratives, then discusses the counternarratives of contemporary Egyptian nationalist leaders, and analyzes the emergence of academic narratives from Egyptian and Western academic historians. The article argues that the image of the Nationalist Party in Western academia has moved away from the defamation of early British colonialist writers, with a favorable image prevailing among Egyptian academic historians since 1952. Politicians and historians searching for inspiring nationalist personalities, particularly during the self-criticism after the Arab defeat in the 1967 war, revived the Nationalist Party leaders. This favorable image has survived several dramatic changes in ideology of successive ruling regimes and has become so popular that politicians of all orientations often use it to serve their political interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 50 random samples of freshly slaughtered broiler chickens were randomly collected from different private local poultry retailers in Port-Said Province, Egypt, and then transferred to Animal Health Research Institute. The study was conducted for the determination of the total colony counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts, total Staphylococcus aureus count, and total Escherichia coli count. In addition to the detection of Salmonella spp. The obtained results revealed that the total colony count ranged from 3.98 to 6.91 log cfu/g with a mean value of 6.33±5.59 log cfu/g and the Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged from 2.23 to 4.82 with a mean value of 4.21±3.52. Meanwhile, the incidence rate of S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella in the examined samples was 10%, 70%, and 100%, respectively. The count of S. aureus ranged from 1 to 3 log cfu/g with a mean value of 2.47±1.61 log cfu/g and the E. coli count ranged from 2.11 to 3.74 log cfu/g with a mean value of 3±2.28 log cfu/g. The total colony counts were within the Egyptian Standard by 24% and exceed the standard by 76%. From the achieved results, it was concluded that chicken meat could be contaminated with several types of bacteria through slaughtering, handling, and cross-contamination in the market which affect the chicken meat quality and have public health hazards. The high contamination level of chicken meat indicates the poor hygienic measures applied during the slaughtering process and marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strengthening pediatric nursing students to keep pace with digital development so that they can choose an active learning strategy that suits their educational goals, identify educational resources, and have the ability to evaluate themselves. Purpose and design: This study was adopted a quasi-experimental pre and posttest equivalent experiment and control group, design to examine the effects of training program on developmental level of pediatric nursing student’s related to employ energetic learning strategies and self-efficacy. Sample and setting: hundred nursing students who enrolled in Pediatric Nursing course in nursing faculty, Benha university, Egypt. Instruments: Tool 1: The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) to measure learning and study practices and attitudes. Tool II: " Modified Short version self-efficacy (SES) to measure student’s self-efficacy. Tool III: "Modified Short version the flow state scale (FSS) to measure positive optimal experience experiment group only post applies on pediatric nursing course content. Results: There was statistically positive correlation between pediatric nursing students' female gender with urban residence and well-mannered developmental level concerning the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, employs energetic learning strategies and their self-efficacy soon after training program. The majority of subgroup pediatric nursing students’ trial reported that high score and narrated efficiency learning strategies was animation videos and simulation in practical content and web/computer assisted learning and problem-based learning in theoretical content. Conclusion and recommendation: Research assert that training program was effective and linked with high developmental level of pediatric nursing students about employing active learning strategies and self-efficacy. Distributingthe content of the pediatric nursing curriculum on energetic learning strategies and directing students to learning the course according to the appropriate strategy type this is after their creativity in applying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, the majority of the food poisoning crisis from seafood comes out due to shellfish consumption, mainly gandofflibecause ofits filter feeders pattern. Many microbes are used as an indicator of the hygienic status of several foods, one of them is Escherichia coli which is used to detect fecal pollution in water and shellfish. Therefore, twenty gandoffli samples were randomly collected from local markets in Ismailia city, Egypt, for evaluation of Enterobacteriaceae counts, and identification of Escherichia coli and detection of phoA and Shiga toxin genes. The obtained results revealed that the total Enterobacteriaceae count of the gandoffli ranged from 7x10² to 7x105 cfu/g with an average of 5x104±3.5x104cfu/g. The occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae members in gandoffli was represented by E. coli (99%), Acinetobacter lwoffii (99%), Enterobacter hormaechei (85%), Klebsiella oxytoca (95%), Stentrophomonas maltophilia (85%), Moraxella lacunata (85%), Achromobacter xylosoxidans (93%), and ESBL E. coli (100%). In addition, E. coli isolated from gandoffli were subsequently serologically typed into O103, O55, O 128, O 126, and O157 then confirmed using conventional polymerase chain reaction by the presence of alkaline phosphatase gene. Upon checking virulence genes in E. coli: stx2 was absent in O157 and O103. Also, stx1 was present in O157 and absent in O103. Its should be concluded that gandoffli were exposed to Enterobacteriaceae contamination from different sources during handling, storage and distribution. Gandoffli had E. coli and their toxin that can pose serious public health hazards to consumers. Strick hygienic measures must be applied through the chain of gandoffli production to ensure their safety for consumer consumptions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is the most common acquired neurological disease in the adult population worldwide with an incidence of 16 million new cases every year responsible for about 6.1 million deaths and 130.6 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The objectives of this work were to study the level of stroke awareness and the proper response for suspected stroke patients in urban and rural areas of Tanta City, Egypt. The study was conducted on 1869 Egyptian Citizens; 908 and 961 reside in urban and rural areas, respectively, who were submitted to a face-to-face interview using the stroke awareness questionnaire (Arabic version). Results: Rural participants showed a significant reduction in acute cerebrovascular stroke (CVS) awareness and knowledge including the most affected organ by CVS, what are the risk factors, what are the early stroke symptoms, is there specific treatment for acute ischemic stroke, and what is the proper reaction when confronted with a case of acute CVS? Conclusion: Urban populations have better recognition of stroke risk factors, early stroke symptoms, and the proper response when confronted with a case of acute CVS when compared with rural people possibly due to better socioeconomic status and higher educational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a river inflow prediction is a prerequisite for dam reservoir management. Precise forecasting leads to better irrigation water management, reservoir operation refinement, enhanced hydropower output and mitigation of risk of natural hazards such as flooding. Dam created reservoirs prove to be an essential source of water in arid and semi-arid regions. Over the years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used for development of models for prediction of various natural variables in different engineering fields. Also, several AI models have been proved to be beneficial over the conventional models in efficient prediction of various natural variables. In this study, four AI models, namely, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Boosted Tree Regression (BTR) were developed and trained over 130-years of monthly historical rainfall data to forecast streamflow at Aswan High Dam, Egypt. The input parameters were selected according to the Autocorrelation Function (ACF) plot. The findings revealed that RF model outperformed other techniques and could provide precise monthly streamflow prediction with the lowest RMSE (2.2395) and maximum WI (0.998462), R2 (0.9012). The input combination for the optimum RF model was Qt-1, Qt-11, and Qt-12 (i.e., one-, eleven- and twelve-months delay inputs). The optimum RF model provides a reliable source of data for inflow predictions, which allows improved utilization of water resources and long-term water resource planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional dry sausages are one of the meat products that target globally by thousands of meat consumers. From a consumer perception point of view, the quality of this traditional meat product is of great concern. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the sensory and chemical quality of 100 samples of dry sausage marketed in Ismailia city, Egypt. Only 22 dry sausage samples were accepted in concern to their appearance and 56 samples were accepted in concern to their flavor. Out of 78 samples rejected for appearance, 43 (overfilling), 12 (fading) and 23 (discolored) rejected sausage samples. Out of 44 samples rejected for flavor, 28 (rancid), 10 (sour), and 6 (putrid) rejected sausage samples. The mean values of moisture, protein, fat, ash, CHO, and NaCl contents for dry sausage samples were 43.7, 15.3, 19.9, 4.3, 13.6, and 3.2 respectively. 90% of sausage samples corresponded with the standard limit of moisture content. Commercial fraud during the manufacture of the dry sausage was detected based on their protein content whereas 56% of the sausage samples were unfit with the requirement of Egyptian Standard for protein contents. The mean pH, TBA and TVB-N values for the examined dry sausage samples were 5.1, 0.9 (mg/Kg), and 14.9 (mg/100g) respectively. It could be concluded that a considerable number of dry sausage samples had deviation in their sensory and chemical quality and may have a negative effect on consumer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce is one of the most prominent of those modern technological applications that most developed countries depend on in their internal and external trade, and many developing countries have rushed to their various institutions to interact with the modern system for the growth of their foreign trade in particular, the growth of their economies in general, and on The Arab Republic of Egypt is increasing its efforts to catch up with these countries that have precedence in this field and work to shade the obstacles and treat problems to take advantage of this technology in order to increase the rates of agricultural exports in particular, and the world trade is progressing in various countries of the world by steps Intensive, especially in the developed countries, and the liberalization of global trade had a significant impact on increasing the growth rate of trade between the countries of the world without any restrictions, and in Egypt it is still deficient and has not kept pace with the modern development in the world in this field, and the situation has become that the state should make grea efforts in the field of electronic commerce In order for the Egyptian foreign trade to develop in order to keep pace with the development in the developed countries, the research aims to assess the current situation of the use of electronic commerce in exporting agricultural production in Matrouh Governorate and compare this situation with other developed and developing countries. I used the descriptive analysis method in describing all the variables mentioned in the research using the standards of averages and percentages, and I also used the quantitative analysis method through the methods of inferential statistical analysis that analyzes the data of random samples that were applied to the community using all statistical tests. The companies representing the sample community were arranged according to the nature of The activity in it and its quality and then according to its location and then numbering it starting from the number one to the number 150, the number of sample items t was determined by fifty companies representing about 40% of the community size. The first item was randomly selected from each of the three successive companies in the order, whether in terms of type of activity or in terms of location. The most important stages of e-commerce for electronic agricultural export companies in Matrouh Governorate were electronic correspondence, where its importance reached about 40%, followed by the importance of dealing with information and evaluating technical support with a relative importance of about 28%, electronic supply and demand was about 20%, and from The most important electronic advertising means used by the electronic agricultural export companies, which were included in the sample on the website, with a relative importance of about 36%, and e-mail with a relative importance of 28%, and the most important methods of payment for agricultural commodities exported through electronic commerce in each of the Bank transfers and cash payment with a relative importance of about 44%, 38%, respectively, and that the most important countries competing for agricultural exports for e-commerce are in Morocco and Israel with a relative importance of about 40%, 36%, each of them, respectively, following these countries in importance Spain has a relative importance of about 24%. Through statistical analysis and estimating the multiple linear regression function, increasing the level of e-commerce by 10% leads to an increase in the benefit achieved from ecommerce by 6%, and that an increase in internal problems by 10% leads to a decrease in the benefits achieved from e-commerce by 5.5%, and also An increase in external problems by 10% leads to a decrease in the benefits achieved from e-commerce by4.8%, and these last two relationships are opposite, as it became clear through the estimation of the function that despite the supposed negative impact of the recent global financial crisis on exporters as a result of the decline in export markets, the use of electronic commerce by agricultural exporters who were included in the study sample has led to the disappearance of this effect The negative and the emergence of a positive effect, albeit simple, as the results of the statistical analysis indicated that the increase of export companies in the global financial crisis by 10% leads to an increase in the benefit achieved from electronic commerce by approximately 2%. Agricultural export can be classified into two categories: the first is classified according to its nature and includes Governmental problems, technical problems, financial and banking problems, and finally commercial problems. As for the second classification of problems, according to the results of this questionnaire, it was based on the geographical basis of these problems, and it includes both internal problems and external problems, and internal problems represent a lack of trust in electronic commerce transactions, and the unavailability of banking systems. Modern and electronic payment methods, lack of ecommerce legislation and laws, lack of training and technological qualifications, lack of a government guarantor of electronic transactions, insufficiency of commercial agreements, lack of commercial information, lack of government technological support, lack of government technological support, lack of technological culture, and lack of environment Infrastructure technology, and the high cost of information technology means. As for the external problems, they were represented in the laws of limiting imports, the problems of agricultural quarantine and customs in the importing countries, the exaggeration of quality conditions, the dominance of marketing intermediaries on the agricultural markets abroad, the inappropriateness of payment methods, and the problems of shipping and transportation. The time of external demand was not proportional to the supply, and the means of overcoming the problems of e-commerce in exporting in Matrouh governorate were the adoption of legislation and laws regulating e-commerce, the development of electronic shipping systemsand the identification of a government agency guarantor of transactions e-commerce, increasing government technological support, modernizing banking systems, providing electronic payment systems, concluding more trade agreements to open export markets, establishing bodies for training and technologically rehabilitating workers, paying attention to aspects of education and quality of exporters to benefit from electronic commerce, providing commercial information and facilitating access to it, and completing State of the technological infrastructure Results 1- It was found through the results of the first questionnaire that was conducted on a random sample of agricultural production export companies, which was titled "Trends of Using E-commerce in Agricultural Export Companies in Matrouh Governorate," that the most important stages of e-commerce were electronic correspondence, with its importance reaching about 40%, and that the most important The electronic advertising means used by these companies was represented in electronic mail, with a relative importance of about 36%, and the most important methods of payment for agricultural commodities exported through electronic commerce are in both bank transfers and cashpayment with importance A relative amount of about 44% and 38%, respectively, and the most important means used by the companies included in the sample are to export agricultural commodities electronically in the shipping method, with a relative importance of about 60%, and that the most important agricultural commodities are exported by electronic commerce, fresh fruits with a relative importance of about About 40%, and olive products with a relative importance of about 40%, and the most important countries competing for agricultural exports for e-commerce are in Morocco and Israel with a relative importance of about 40% and 36%, for each of them, respectively 2- It was clear through statistical analysis and estimation of the multiple linear regression function that increasing the level of e-commerce by 10% leads to an increase in the benefit achieved from e-commerce by 6%, and that an increase in internal problems by 10% leads to a decrease in the benefits achieved from e-commerce by 5.5 %, and also an increase in external problems by 10% leads to a decrease in the benefits achieved from electronic commerce by 4.8%, and these last two relationships are opposite. Exporters as a result of the decline in export markets, but the use of electronic commerce by agricultural exporters who were included in the study sample has led to the disappearance of this negative impact and the emergence of a positive impact, even if it was simple, as the results of statistical analysis indicated that the increase in export companies in the global financial crisis by 10% leads To increase the benefit achieved from electronic commerce by approximately 2%, and this can be explained by the fact that agricultural commodities are necessary commodities 3- It was found that the problems of e-commerce in the field of agricultural export can be classified into two categories, the first is classified according to its nature and includes governmental problems, technical problems, financial and banking problems, and finally commercial problems. It includes both internal problems and external problems, and the internal problems represent the lack of confidence in electronic commerce transactions, the lack of modern banking systems and electronic payment methods, and the lack of legislation And e-commerce laws, and the lack of training and technological qualifications, the absence of a government guarantor of electronic transactions, the insufficiency of commercial agreements, the lack of commercial information, the lack of government technological support, the lack of government technological support, the lack of technological culture, the lack of the infrastructure and technological environment, and the high cost of information technology means 4- The study showed that the means of overcoming the problems of electronic commerce when used in the field of agricultural export in Matrouh Governorate through the opinions and suggestions of the export companies that were included in the questionnaire sample is the adoption of legislation and laws regulating e-commerce, the development of electronic shipping systems, and the identification of a government agency guarantor of transactions e-commerce, increasing government technology support regulating e-commerce, the development of electronic shipping systems, and the identification of a government agency guarantor of transactions e-commerce, increasing government technology support Electronically, concluding more trade agreements to open export markets, establishing agencies for training and qualifying workers technologically, paying attention to the aspects of educating and quality exporters to benefit from e-commerce, providing commercial information and facilitating access to it, and completing the state's technological infrastructure 5- The study found that the mechanisms for increasing the effectiveness of the use of electronic commerce in exporting agricultural production are represented in working to provide the basic capabilities necessary for the use of electronic commerce, seeking to conclude more trade agreements and strengthening trade relations internationally and regionally, working to increase the competitiveness of Egyptian companies to market agricultural production. Externally using e-commerce, developing banking and financial services, preparing and preparing society for the use of commerce e-commerce, developing shipping systems, providing an appropriate legislative and legal environment for the use of e-commerce, completing the establishment and development of the infrastructure of communications and information networks, regulating information content and Internet pages and linking them, setting technological standards and standards over the Internet, establishing an agricultural information network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to identify date palm production in Egypt in general and the New Valley Governorate in particular, and to study the most important production and marketing problems facing date palm producers and marketers in order to suggest a set of solutions to be put before decision makers to help develop and develop this vital sector. And also to identify the statistical estimation of production functions to identify the ability of date palm farms to use their agricultural resources through a stratified random sample of 220 holders, including 120 holders in the Kharga center, 100 holders in the Dakhla center in the governorate The results of the research showed that the annual rate of increase in the area planted with date palms amounted to about 3.33 thousand acres, 1.09 thousand acres at the level of the Republic and the New Valley Governorate, respectively, during the period (2006-2020). As for the number of fruitful females, it was found that the annual increase rate amounted to about 0.21 One thousand palm trees and 0.66 thousand palm trees, respectively, and with regard to the average productivity of the palm, the annual increase was about 0.99 kg at the level of the Republic, and at the level of the New Valley Governorate, the productivity of the fruitful palm increased at an annual rate of about 2.01 kg. As for the total production of date palms, the annual increase amounted to about 30.55 thousand tons at the level of the Republic, and at the level of the New Valley Governorate, the date palm production increased at an annual rate of about 7.43 thousand feddans. The results of the research showed that the most influential factors on date palm production are the cultivated area, the number of fruitful palm trees, the number of workers, the amount of organic fertilizer. Its counterpart in the Kharga Center, and this may be due to the fact that these farms have used their fixed and variable economic resources with a relatively higher efficiency than their counterparts in the Kharga Center, and the second holding estate in the village of Mut is more economically efficient than the other tenure categories 1- Develop a timetable planned on a scientific basis to replace old and poor quality trees with high quality trees. 2- The study showed that the most important factors affecting the production of dates are the area planted with palms, the number of fruitful females, human labor and organic manure. Therefore, the study recommends paying attention to the composting process and its availability at appropriate prices, and providing trained labor on various agricultural operations in the villages of the study sample. 3- Optimal exploitation of the advantages of agricultural production in Egypt, which has the appropriate climatic conditions to produce different varieties of dates in off-season, by following modern methods of propagation in agriculture. 4- Considering the date crop as a national crop like other cash crops and working on Encouraging its manufacture and export abroad, in accordance with the 2030 strategy. 5- Cancellation or reduction of fees imposed by the maintenance of agricultural production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been increasing steadily in Egypt and worldwide. Detecting risk factors for ASD could help initiate screening and risk prevention approaches. Herein, this study aimed to detect several maternal and neonatal risk factors for ASD in Egypt. Methods: In this case-control study, mothers of children with ASD who were visiting Beni-Suef University Hospital in Egypt (n = 268) were compared to mothers of children without ASD attending one primary school with a kindergarten (n = 504) regarding their preconception, conception, and postconception characteristics. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the possible associations between the collected data and the odds of ASD. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted models, urban residence: OR (95% CI) = 2.33 (1.60–3.38), relative father: 2.63 (1.74–3.96), history of diabetes: 5.98 (1.99–17.97), previous abortion: 2.47 (1.20–13.38), assisted fertility: 4.01 (1.20–13.38), family history of ASD: 7.24 (2.00–26.24), multiple pregnancy: 11.60 (2.54–53.07), exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy: 2.95 (1.86–4.68), vaginal bleeding during pregnancy: 3.10 (1.44–6.67), hypertension with pregnancy: 3.64 (1.06–12.51), preterm labor: 2.64 (1.26–5.57), neonatal convulsions: 14.88 (5.01–44.20), and admission to neonatal intensive care unit 2.13: (1.21–3.74) were associated with the increased odds of ASD. On the other hand, the intake of vitamins during pregnancy: 0.09 (0.06–0.16) and C-section: 0.44 (0.27–0.70) were associated with the decreased odds of ASD. Conclusion: This study detected several maternal and neonatal risk factors for ASD in Egyptian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early vasopressor utilization has been associated with improved outcomes of patients with spinal shock; however, there are difficulties in weaning off vasopressors, in which patients after recovery from spinal shock develop a state of persistent vasodilation, which may take a few days to resolve and delays the discharge in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis using two oral vasopressors (midodrine and minirin) to facilitate weaning off intravenous vasopressors, reducing the ICU length of stay, and compare them for more efficacy.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the trauma ICU at the Assiut University Hospital in Egypt in patients with spinal shock who required intravenous vasopressor for ≥24 h. A convenience sample was classified into three groups, in which 30 patients were included for each group. The midodrine group received midodrine 10 mg per oral every 8 h with gradual weaning off intravenous (IV) vasopressor (noradrenaline) after receiving 4 doses, the minirin group received minirin 60 μg per oral every 8 h with gradual weaning off IV vasopressor after receiving 4 doses, whereas the control group received IV vasopressor (noradrenaline) with gradual weaning according to the routine hospital care without adding oral vasopressors. The primary outcome was shortening the duration of IV vasopressor requirements. The secondary outcome was reducing the ICU length of stay.Results: Our results showed that the duration of IV vasopressor requirements in the midodrine (3.3 ± 1.32) and minirin groups (4.8 ± 1.83) was significantly lower than in the control group (6.93 ± 2.32). Additionally, the ICU length of stay (days) in the midodrine (5.13 ± 1.83) and minirin groups (5.5 ± 1.91) was significantly lower than in the control group (9.03 ± 3.74).Conclusion: Midodrine and minirin accelerated liberation from intravenous noradrenaline and effective in reducing the ICU length of stay in patients with spinal shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial and hormone-like anabolic agents were use in order to intensify the production of chicken farms. These may reflect on formation the harmful chemical residues in their meat and offal. The purpose of the current study was to analyze some chemical hazards in local and imported chicken meat and their edible offal by : Quantitative assessment of ciprofloxacin and sulfadiazine and growth promoters’ 17βEstradiol. A total of 218 fresh and imported chicken carcasses were purchased from different commercial chicken markets at Ismailia governorate, Egypt and 19 chicken carcasses were purchased from different commercial chicken markets at Bahrain. fifty grams of meat sample was blended, centrifuged, homogenized, extracted and analyzed by HPLC to estimate the concentration levels of ciprofloxacin and 17β-Estradiol residues. HPLC used to detection of sulfadiazine residues. The mean concentrations ciprofloxacin values for Egyptian and Bahrainis chicken meat were; 0.339 ± 0.026 and 0.126 ± 0.031 µg/g respectively. While, the mean concentrations ciprofloxacin values for Egyptian and Bahrainis chicken offal were; 0.65 ± 0.075 and 0.545 ± 0.045 µg/g respectively. The mean concentrations Sulfadiazine values were; 0.020 ± 0.003 and 0.006 ± 0.002 µg/g respectively while, in chicken offal were 0.045 ± 0.020 and 0.025 ± 0.015 µg/g respectively. The mean concentrations 17β-Estradiol values for chicken meat were; 1.626 ± 0.076 and 1.593 ± 0.069 µg/g respectively. While, in chicken offal were 2.60 ± 0.089 and 2.95 ± 0.075 µg/g respectively. Results of this study observed that the Egyptian chicken meat under investigation were more contaminated with chemical residues than Bahrain samples which may represent a sever public health hazards for consumers if increase their daily intake level of chicken meat. In addition to, such chemical residues were more concentrated in the chicken offal than chicken meat. More attention from the concerned authority must be considered in controlling antibiotics and hormone-like anabolic agents at chicken farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Breast tumors are composed of phenotypically diverse groups of cells; however, it is unclear which of these cells contribute to tumor development. Breast cancer management usually targets proliferating cells, but as breast cancer stem cells are slowly cycling, they may escape these targets whenever they are not actively proliferating. This may explain the occurrence of recurrences and failure of the treatment. Aim. To assess the impact of the BCSC expression on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and tumor response in metastatic breast cancer patients and to correlate the BCSC expression with different clinicopathological parameters. Material. This prospective study enrolled 76 de novo metastatic breast cancer patients recruited from the Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt, with a minimum age 31 years and a maximum of 70 years. Pretreatment BCSC markers (CD44 and CD24) were assessed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from a primary or metastatic site. Patients received different lines of treatment, hormonal or chemotherapy, according to their biological subtypes. Anti-Her2 was added for Her2-positive patients. Results. Thirty-three patients (43.4%) were premenopausal and 43 patients (56.6%) were postmenopausal. Bone-only metastasis was seen in 12 patients (15.7%), however, visceral ± bone metastasis was seen in 64 patients (84.3%). BCSC markers (CD44+ve and CD24−ve) were expressed in 32 patients (42.1%), while 44 patients (57.9%) were not expressing BCSC markers. Out of 32 patients expressing BCSC, 22 patients (68%) were premenopausal and 28 patients (87.5%) were with high-grade (GIII) disease. BCSC was significantly presented in triple negative subtype breast cancer as there were 32 patients with the BCSC expression, and out of them, 15 patients (46.9%) had triple negative disease, 10 patients (31.3%) had luminal subtype, and seven patients (21.9%) were Her2-amplified, while there were 44 patients without BCSC expression, and out of them, 30 patients (68.2%) were of the luminal subtype, no patient (20.5%) had triple negative disease, and five patients (11.4%) were Her2-amplified (P 0.006). Twenty-four patients (31.5%) presented with visceral crisis; out of them, 17 patients (70.1%) were expressing BCSC which also denoted more aggressive disease. Seventy-four patients were candidates for the response assessment. BCSC-expressing patients showed poor response compared to non-BCSC (16.1% responsive versus 51.2%, respectively), with a significance relation (P 0.003). The BCSC expression was associated with both significant short PFS (median, 18 months vs. 35 months; P = 0.001) and short OS (median, 26 months vs. 43 months; P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis; BCSC expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (P = 0.055) along with the molecular subtype (P = 0.012), Her2 status (P = 0.011), and histologic grade (P = 0.037). Conclusion. This study further validates the BCSC expression as a poor prognostic biomarker correlated with poor response, short PFS and OS. So, it could be used as a marker for tailoring treatment with different lines of therapies in further studies. The BCSC expression was highly presented in the triple negative subtype which is an aggressive disease that lacks different targets. So, targeting BCSC may carry a hope in future for this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, and H5N8 circulate in Egyptian poultry and cause veterinary and public health burdens. In response, AIV vaccines are commonly used. The main objective of this study was to develop a broad, cross-protective, trivalent vaccine based on circulating AIVs in Egypt. We generated highly replicating avirulent AIVs, H5N1, and H5N8, to be used in combination with H9N2 strain for the generation of an inactivated vaccine. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this vaccine were tested. Results showed that a single immunization dose enhanced humoral immune responses giving full protection against challenges with LPAI H9N2, HPAI H5N1, and H5N8 viruses. This efficacious vaccine will reduce the cost of vaccination for poultry growers and is expected to be effective in the field as it is based on contemporary viruses currently in circulation among Egyptian poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as an established therapeutic option for patients with chronic liver disease. Patients with end-stage liver disease are at high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms, which may affect the outcome of LT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-transplant infection on the outcome of living-donor LT. Methods: Prospective follow-up was done for 50 patients with chronic liver disease who had had LT performed from September 2013 to December 2017. We divided patients into group 1 (patients who had had infection within 3 months before transplantation with adequate treatment [n=20]), and group 2 (patients without infection [n=30]). Both groups were followed for 4 months post-operatively. Results: Patients with high Modelfor End-Stage Liver Disease scores were more susceptible to infection pre- and post-operatively, and chest infection was the most common infection pre-transplant. There were no significant statistical differences regarding hospital and ICU stay and post-operative course between the groups, but the mortality rate was higher in group 1 (40%) than in group 2 (23.3%), and the causes of mortality in the group 1 were mainly due to medical causes (infections and sepsis, 75%) versus 28.6% in group 2. Conclusion: Liver-cell failure and concomitant infection 3 months before LT with adequate treatment had no significant statistical differences regarding hospital, ICU stay, or medical complications, but post-operative infection and mortality rate were more frequent in group 1 and the causes of mortality were mainly medical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Median cleft deformities of the lower lip and mandible are very rare congenital anomalies. Our patient had median cleft of the lower lip, mandible, and the chin with tongue duplication, ankyloglossia, and cleft strap muscles with 2 neck contracture bands. This anomaly was associated with congenital heart disease transposition of great vessels, large ventricular septal defect, and severe pulmonary stenosis. Early repair was done at 6 months to improve feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nurse Scheduling Problem (NSP) is the assignment of a number of nurses to a number of shifts in order to satisfy hospital's demand. The objectives of NSP are the minimization of the overall hospital cost, and the maximization of nurses' preferences while taking into consideration the governmental rules and hospital standards. In this article, a proposed mathematical model for the NSP is presented, which is based on the idea of multi-commodity network flow model. The proposed model was verified using hypothetical instances as well as benchmark instances, then, it is applied to a real case study in an Egyptian hospital. The results demonstrate the advantage of using the proposed model in generating schedule required to solve the problem. Furthermore, it proves the superiority of the obtained schedule to those generated manually by the supervisor head nurse as it improves the level of nurses' satisfaction by creating fair schedule system take care about nurses' preferences as well as decreases the overall overtime cost by 36%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hotel industry is often suffering from price wars, which have a number of reasons such as financial crises. Resulting from these reasons are going to reduce prices. The continued price reductions among hotels, resulting in price wars. So, this paper searches for developing and empirically testing a framework to examine which factors causes the price wars and the consequences of them. Using SEM to examine the data collected from a sample of 113 hotels, the results indicate supply, financial crises, pricing objectives based on discounts, and price sensitivity have a significant positive impact on price wars' eruption. Price wars have a significant negative influence significantly on hotel profitability, hotel image, competitive position, brand loyalty. On the other hand, price wars may lead to exit from market. The results offer important implications for hoteliers and are likely to stimulate further research in the area of pricing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: β-Thalassemia is considered the most common chronic hemolytic anemia in Egypt. Alloimmunization can lead to serious clinical complications in transfusion-dependent patients. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and types of alloantibodies, and, in addition, to study the risk factors that might influence alloimmunization in multiply transfused thalassemia patients in Fayoum, Egypt, with the goal that this study could help minimize some of the transfusion-associated risks in those patients.Study Design and Methods: A total of 188 multiply transfused thalassemia patients attending Fayoum University Hospital were analyzed. Alloantibody identification was performed by DiaMed-ID microtyping system.Results: Alloimmunization prevalence was 7.98%. The most common alloantibody was D-related; anti-D was the most frequent alloantibody found in eight of the 188 patients (4.25 %), followed by anti-C in two patients (1.1%), anti- E in two (1.1 %), anti-c in two (1.1 %), anti-Fya in two (1.1%), anti-K in one (0.53 %), and an unknown antibody in one patient (0.53%). Higher rates of alloimmunization were found in female patients, in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia, in splenectomized patients, in D- patients, and in patients who started blood transfusion after 3 years of age.Conclusion: The study reemphasizes the need for cost-effective strategy for thalassemia transfusion practice in developing countries. Red blood cell antigen typing before transfusion and issue of antigen-matched or antigen-negative blood can be made available to alloimmunized multiply transfused patients. Early institution of transfusion therapy after diagnosis is another means of decreasing alloimmunization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization of interferon-based treatment regimens remains an important goal as pegylated interferon is likely to remain the backbone of chronic HCV treatment in the foreseeable future. The objective of the current study was to evaluate virological response at week 8 of combined treatment as a predictor of sustained virologic response (SVR) in non rapid virologic response (RVR), chronic HCV genotype 4 infected patients. A total of 38 patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection were enrolled in the study. All patients received a combination of pegylated interferon α-2a plus ribavirin. Virological response at week 8 of combined treatment was evaluated as a predictor of SVR. Week 8 response was more sensitive but less specific than RVR in predicting SVR, in non RVR patients (24 patients), week 8 response had a sensitivity of 45.5% and a specificity of 76.9% for predicting SVR. In conclusion: In non RVR patients, measurement of HCV RNA at week 8 is an optimal time to identify those who are not going to benefit from pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this research was to contrast (heart-rate corrected QT interval) QTc, and (QT dispersion) QTd intervals in individuals with (temporal lobe epilepsy) TLE and those without TLE using a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. Patients & methods: This cross-sectional research was undertaken on 100 cases aged 10 to 20 diagnosed with epilepsy in accordance with 2017 ILAE criteria. The patients' informed written permission was acquired. In our study, we included 100 cases: 50 with TLE and 50 with non-TLE verified by seizure semiology. All patients were subjected to a comprehensive history, clinical examination (heart rate, pulse, and blood pressure), and clinical evaluation, which included a comprehensive epilepsy history. On the basis of neurology service documents or the initial publication of the international classification of diseases, 9th revision (ICD9) diagnostic or 10th revision (ICD10) codes for epilepsy, diagnostic age for epilepsy was calculated. Results: The mean QT interval in group I was 418.30±25.48 ms while that of group II was 406.20±27.63 ms, the mean QTc of group I was 513.60±61.94 ms and was 488.70±50.65 in group II. The calculated QTd was with a mean of 57.60±25.05 ms while that of group II was 43.60±31.89 ms. It means that the QT interval, QTc, and QTd values were considerably greater in the group I (temporal epilepsy) contrasted with group II (non-temporal epilepsy); (p=0.025, 0.030, and 0.016, respectively). The mean QT, QTc, and QTd values for FE were 409.20±20.80, 500.70±55.60, and 52.60±29.70 ms, respectively. QT, QTc, and QTd mean values for patients with widespread epilepsy were 412.00±25.60, 505.00±68.60, and 46.20±28.70 ms. QT, QTc, and QTd interval were insignificantly different between focal and generalized epilepsy. The longer an illness progresses, the longer the QT and QTc intervals, as there was a substantial positive correlation among illness's course and QT interval (r=0.391, p<0.001) and QTc interval (r=0.289, p=0.011), but there was no noticeable impact on QTd due to the illness's duration, as we found an insignificant correlation among duration of illness and QTC and QTd. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that; QTc interval and QTd are longer in epilepsy cases more among TLE cases contrasted with non-TLE. Since there was no distinction among different epilepsy types (focal and generalized). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. It contributes to high morbidity and mortality in this population. In-hospital mortality of SBP ranges between 20% and 40%, suggesting that further refinements are essential in managing SBP. Early recognition of high-risk patients would enable us to reduce the short-term mortality. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the value of clinical, biochemical and inflammatory markers in the prediction of 1-month and 3-month cumulative mortality in patients with SBP. Patients and methods: Two hundred patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SBP were enrolled. They were admitted and received the proper treatment at the National Liver Institute Hospital-Menoufia University, Egypt. Patients were prospectively followed up for mortality over a period of three months. Predictors of mortality were assessed and analyzed. Results: Mortality rates were 20% and 41% at 1 month and 3 month respectively. Our findings showed that low blood pressure, abdominal pain, fever, higher Child-Pugh score, MELD score, serum bilirubin, INR, serum creatinine, Creactive protein to albumin (CRP/Albumin) ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), massive splenomegaly and large ascites have been demonstrated as risk factors associated with short-term mortality. Conclusion: SBP carries a high risk of mortality among cirrhotic patients. Clinical parameters (low blood pressure, abdominal pain, fever, massive splenomegaly and large ascites), prognostic scores (Child-Pugh and MELD) and inflammatory markers (CRP, CRP/albumin ratio, and NLR) seem to be accurate and reliable tools that could independently predict short-term mortality in patients with SBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigate the potential of Fast-Orthogonal Search (FOS) for streamflow forecasting. • Utilize FOS identification technique to provide a wider selection of candidate. • Examine several training approaches for developing robust forecasting model. • Compare the FOS based model to existing AI based models. • Demonstrate the performance using realistic data from the Nile river in Egypt. Data-driven models for streamflow forecasting have attracted considerable attention, as they are independent of physical system features. The physical features of the river basin are extremely hard to collect, especially for large rivers. Empirical data-driven models, such as stochastic and regression models, have been widely used in the field of streamflow forecasting. However, they suffered limited accuracy in predicting extreme streamflow. They also required raw data pre-processing prior to the modeling process, especially for lengthy data records and for large time-scale increments (e.g. monthly resolution). To overcome these challenges, data-driven forecasting models based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been widely used and resulted in enhancing the forecasting accuracy. Nevertheless, AI-based models required augmentation with proper optimization schemes to adjust the model parameters for optimal accuracy. Furthermore, in some cases, due to unsuitability of the optimization model, there is high possibility for overfitting of the AI model, which might cause poor prediction of input patterns that were not adequately mimicked. This study introduces a new approach to streamflow forecasting based on nonlinear system identification. The proposed technique employs Fast Orthogonal Search (FOS) to develop a nonlinear model of stream flow. The main advantage of using FOS is eliminating the requirement of raw data pre-processing and the need for an optimization scheme for model parameter adjustment since the FOS algorithm takes this into account while building the model. In addition, the FOS algorithm includes a pole-zero cancellation procedure that can detect and avoid the over-fitted models. The FOS-based nonlinear modeling approach was adopted in this research for the development of a streamflow forecasting model at Aswan High Dam using monthly basis natural streamflow records for 130 years. The results indicated that the proposed FOS algorithm outperformed the previously developed AI models of streamflow forecasting for large data records and for large time-scale increment (monthly resolution). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in drinking water quality (DWQ) can lead, according to some estimates, to a 10% reduction of the world's disease load. The drinking water distribution system (DWDS) plays a crucial role in influencing DWQ and can contribute to the emergence of poultry-related epidemics. This study aims to monitor the variations in DWQ throughout the seasons within the DWDS of Egyptian poultry farms experiencing epidemics. The study assessed DWQ at four different points along the DWDS, including the water source (WS), water tank (WT), broiler drinker (BD), and layer drinker (LD), across 86 farms. Statistical analysis was employed to establish correlations between DWQ and the sampling points within the DWDS, as well as between water temperature (Tw.C°), ambient temperature (Ta.C°), and microbial DWQ. The survey revealed significant differences between Tw.C° and Ta.C°, with notable effect sizes (d = 0.89-1). Additionally, the results revealed significant differences in physicochemical DWQ between WS and house drinkers (HD), with medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.56-0.85). Furthermore, significant differences were identified in microbial DWQ between winter and summer, with a small to large effect size (d = 0.40-0.87). Notably, we recorded significant differences in microbial DWQ between WS and WT, with a small to medium effect size (d = 0.40-0.61), and between WT and BD, with a small to medium effect size (d = 0.48-0.53). Additionally, we found significant differences in microbial DWQ between WS and LD, with a medium effect size (d = 0.59-0.68). In conclusion, Tw.C° is influenced by seasonal variations in Ta.C°. While the physicochemical DWQ was unaffected by seasonal temperature variations, it was significantly impacted by the DWDS from WS to HD. In contrast, the microbial DWQ was strongly influenced by both seasonal temperature changes and DWDS., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: To explore if clinical and epidemiological features of patients positive for coronavirus disease-2019 are affected by somatic work stress., Method: The retrospective study was conducted at Kafrelsheik University Hospital, Egypt, and comprised data of patients admitted between April 1, to June 6, 2020, with confirmed coronavirus disease-2019 infection. Health records of healthy subjects who had come to the hospital as part of their routine check-up were also included for comparison, and the researchers were blinded during the gathering and analysis phase. Demographic features, vitalsigns, infection severity,somatic workload of the patients'jobs at admission, and detailed discharge profile was noted. The relationship between clinical features and somatic work stress was evaluated. Data was analysed using SPSS 26., Results: Of the 1072 cases, 602(56.2%) were men and 470(43.8%) were women. The overall median age was 43 years (interquartile range: 29 years). The healthy group had 500 random subjects. There were significant differences in all vital signs between the patients and healthy controls (p<0.05). Among the patients, infection severity was higher in men, but it was notsignificant (p>0.05). The overall mortality was 69(6.4%); 46(4.3%) men and 23(2.2%) women. There was no significant association between gender and outcome (p>0.05). There were 816(76.11%) patients with low intensity physical workload pre-infection, 136(12.68%) moderate and 120(11.19%) high. Infection severity was significantly high in the low-intensity group (p<0.05). However, the fate of the patients was notsignificantly associated with their pre-infection work profile (p>0.05)., Conclusions: Coronavirus disease-2019 significantly affected patients'vitalsigns, and infection severity wassignificantly associated with physical work stress. However, mortality and pre-infection somatic workload were not associated.

Trichinosis is a serious zoonotic disease that causes human morbidity and mortality. New effective natural remedies with minimal side effects that are well tolerated are needed to treat both enteral and parenteral trichinosis. This study evaluated the efficacy of selenium (Se), Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) and Egyptian propolis compared with albendazole as antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic agents for treating murine trichinosis. We used parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical assays, as well as scanning electron microscopy, to examine adult worms. Overall, 80 Swiss albino male mice were divided into eight groups, with ten mice in each group, as follows: negative control, positive control, albendazole, propolis, Se, combination of propolis and Se, SeNPs and combination of SeNPs and propolis. Mice were slaughtered seven and 35 days after infection to examine the intestinal and muscular phases, respectively. This study demonstrated the efficacy of the combination of SeNPs and propolis. As revealed by electron microscopy, this combination caused damage to the adult worm cuticle. Additionally, compared with albendazole, it resulted in a significant reduction in adult worm and total larval counts; moreover, it caused a decrease in the number of larvae deposited in muscles, with a highly significant decrease in the inflammatory cell infiltrate around the larvae and a considerable decrease in the expression of the angiogenic marker vascular endothelial growth factor in muscles. In conclusion, the combination of SeNPs and propolis had antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects on trichinosis. Consequently, this combination could be used as a natural alternative therapy to albendazole for treating trichinosis.

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a potentially lethal complication of ascites. The inflammatory response is very intense in case of SBP despite low concentration of bacteria in the ascitic fluid with IL-17A overproduced by intestinal Paneth cells and may have role in host immune defense and inflammatory response., Aims: To study the diagnostic performance of serum and ascitic fluid IL-17A as a marker of SBP and its correlation with renal function., Methods: 120 cirrhotic patients including 80 patients with HCV-induced cirrhotic ascites but not with SBP and 40 patients with HCV-induced cirrhotic ascites with SBP were recruited. Serum and ascitic fluid IL17A were measured before and after treatment., Results: The mean serum and ascitic fluid levels of IL-17 in cirrhotic patients with SBP were significantly higher than in patients with cirrhosis without SBP (p < 0.001). Also, we found significant decline in both serum and ascitic fluid IL17 levels with successful treatment of SBP (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of serum IL17 was 100 % when using 92 pg/mL as cutoff. Meanwhile, sensitivity and specificity of ascitic fluid IL-17were 100 % when using 132 pg/mL as cutoff., Conclusions: IL-17 could be used as a possible diagnostic biomarker for SBP especially in culture negative and non-neutrocytic SBP and in monitoring therapeutic response. Also, it was shown to be related to hepatic and renal functions deterioration., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In the Nile Delta, a complex network of canals collects drainage water from surface-irrigated fields but also from municipal wastewater. The goal of this work was to assess the technical, environmental, and financial feasibility of the upgrade of a drainage canal (DC) into either an in-stream constructed wetland (ICW) or a canalized facultative lagoon (CFL), in order to produce a water reusable in agriculture according to Egyptian law. The model-based design of the proposed technologies was derived from field experimental data for the ICW and laboratory data for the CFL. Both technologies, integrated by a sedimentation pond and a disinfection canal, led to the attainment of the water quality standards imposed by Egyptian Law 92/2013 for the reuse of drainage water. The life cycle assessment indicated that the upgrade of an existing DC to either an ICW or a CFL results in an extremely small environmental burden, ≤0.3% of that of a traditional activated sludge process. The cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was based on the assumptions that 1) farmers currently irrigate a nonfood crop (cotton) with the low-quality drainage water present in the DC, and 2) thanks to the upgrade to a ICW or CFL, farmers will irrigate a food crop characterized by a higher market price (rice). The CBA indicated that the DC upgrade to an ICW represents an attractive investment because it leads to a financial rate of return >10% over a wide range of cotton market prices. Conversely, the upgrade to a CFL is less attractive due to high investment costs. In conclusion, the upgrade of DCs to ICWs appears a promising option for the treatment of drainage canal water in the Nile Delta, thanks to the high pollutant removal performances, low cost, and negligible environmental burden. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:920-933. © 2020 SETAC., (© 2020 SETAC.)

Objective: to assess the morphosyntactic aspect of language in Egyptian children after 5 years of using unilateral cochlear implants and studying the factors that affect their progress: the chronological age, the age of implantation, the gender, and the duration of using cochlear implant. Also, to assess which of the subcategories of the morphosyntax are affected to help in designing a suitable rehabilitation program., Materials and Methods: 36 Egyptian children using unilateral cochlear implants regularly were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. During the assessment, the chronological age of all children was ranged from 6 years, 7 months to 11 years, 9 months, the duration of using cochlear implants of all children was at least 5 years. The morphosyntactic aspect of language as a part of the REAL scale (Receptive Expressive Arabic Language Scale) was applied by expert Phoniatricians., Results: Morphosyntactic score was affected negatively by the chronological age, on the other hand, it was not affected by the age of implantation, the gender, or the duration of using cochlear implant., Conclusion: After 5 years of regular rehabilitation of Egyptian children using unilateral cochlear implants, the morphosyntactic profile can be described as still low compared to normal children. These children have developed many items in morphosyntactic aspects like possessiveness, derivative adjectives, and passive tense but still have a defect especially in male plural formation, past tense, adjectives, and irregular plural formation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We have no conflicts of interest to disclose, this research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not -for-profit sectors., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Leaf and bark of trees are tools for assessing the effects of the heavy metals pollution and monitoring the environmental air quality. In this study, the possibility of using leaves and bark of two urban trees, namely, Ficus nitida and Eucalyptus globulus as a bioindicator of atmospheric pollution was evaluated by determining the composition of heavy elements in the tree leaves, bark, soil, and the atmospheric dust. Two common tree species, namely, F. nitida and E. globulus were selected in the heavily industrial zone of surrounding Minya governorate, Upper Egypt. Two urban areas with heavy traffic load (sites 1 and 2), three industrial zones (sites 3, 4, and 5) and an uncontaminated area as a control were selected (site 6). Sampling from leaf, bark, soil, deposited dust of trees was carried out in winter and summer seasons (from November 2016 to March 2017). The concentrations of heavy metals in dust, soil, leaves, and bark possess the same trend: Pb > Cu > Cd. The highest concentration of cadmium, lead, and copper was found in the leaf of F. nitida and E. globulus higher than bark samples of the studied species, supporting the idea suggesting that tree leaves can be used as a good indicator of heavy metals accumulation. A high and statistically significant correlation ( p  < .05) was found between Pb concentrations in the atmospheric dust and those in the leaves of both species throughout the two growing seasons, confirming that the main source of incorporated Pb is the atmospheric dust. Otherwise, the obtained results showed that F. nitida tree does not seem to be a good accumulator of Cu. According to the obtained results, F. nitida and E. globulus trees are more likely to capture cadmium and lead from air, so planting these trees in industrial areas with such atmospheric pollutants would be beneficial.

Purpose . To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of surgeons toward introducing novel surgical techniques in Egypt, Palestine, and Vietnam. Summary Background Data . Despite the recent advances in modern surgical care and its role in advancing the quality and the length of lives, surgery in the developing world has stagnated or even regressed. Methods . A survey was undertaken among the surgeons in 9 hospitals belonging to the 3 countries. Questions were categorized into knowledge, attitude, and practice questions. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the event rate and compare between knowledge and practice, senior and junior surgeons. Results . A total of 244 responses, with a response rate of 79.7%, were included in the analysis. Regarding knowledge and attitude, the results were satisfactory except that only 55.8% of surgeons appraised their level of education and 43.3% wanted to earn money from the novel procedure. There was a significant difference between knowledge and practice regarding getting informed consent from the patients ( P = .024), discussing the novelty of the procedure ( P < .001), discussing the alternative procedures ( P < .001), discussing the surgeons' experience and level of skills ( P < .001), discussing the risk of the new procedure ( P < .001), and monitoring the outcomes after the new procedure ( P < .001). Conclusions . Most surgeons have sufficient knowledge and are motivated regarding adopting novel surgical techniques in order to provide the best care for the patients. However, there was a gap between knowledge and practice. Training programs and evidence-based guidelines regarding the introduction of novel surgical techniques are needed to overcome these challenges.

Median cleft deformities of the lower lip and mandible are very rare congenital anomalies. Our patient had median cleft of the lower lip, mandible, and the chin with tongue duplication, ankyloglossia, and cleft strap muscles with 2 neck contracture bands. This anomaly was associated with congenital heart disease transposition of great vessels, large ventricular septal defect, and severe pulmonary stenosis. Early repair was done at 6 months to improve feeding.

This study determined the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with different gastrointestinal symptoms. Two hundred and six patients were collected from outpatient clinic of medical department from March to June 2014. The age was ranged between 15 years old up to 60 years old. 76 males with mean age (33.2 ± 13.5) and 130 females with mean age (32.8 ± 14.9). All patients were submitted to full clinical examination and stool examination was performed to detect Helicobacter pylori antigen and other intestinal parasites. After getting a full history, the patient was asked specifically for history of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, presence of heart burn, epigastric pain, flatulence, nausea or vomiting passing black stool hematemesis and presence of other diseases. The results showed that 69.4% of the patients were positive for Helicobacter pylori antigen (143/206). The prevalence among males and females was the same (69.7%-69.2%). The prevalence among different age groups was not significant but; some-how high among age group of 15 up to 25 years old (70%). 72 patients out of 140 were associated with Co-infection with Entamaeba histolytica mainly or Giardia lamblia (51.4%). Epigastric pain and heart burn were representing about 90% of symptoms in patients with positive Helicobacter pylori antigen. Consequently, the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in and around Tanta City in the Nile Delta (about 70%).