1. A new α-glucosidase inhibitor from Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. growing in Egypt.
- Author
-
Ezzat SM and Salama MM
- Subjects
- Egypt, Flavones chemistry, Glycosides chemistry, Hypoglycemic Agents chemistry, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Molecular Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Achillea chemistry, Flavones isolation & purification, Flavones pharmacology, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors, Glycosides isolation & purification, Glycosides pharmacology, Hypoglycemic Agents isolation & purification, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) represent a class of oral antidiabetic drugs that delay the absorption of ingested carbohydrates, reducing the postprandial glucose and insulin peaks to reach normoglycaemia. In this study, a bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. growing in Egypt led to the isolation of a new potent AGI; acacetin-6-C-(6″-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)-8-C-α-L-arabinopyranoside (5) alongside with four known compounds: chondrillasterol (1), quercetin-3,6,7-trimethyl ether (chrysosplenol-D) (2), isovitexin-4'-methyl ether (3) and isovitexin (4). The structure of the new compound (5) was elucidated on the basis of its spectral data, including HR-FAB-MS, UV, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC and HMBC. The new compound (5) exhibited the most significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 1.5 ± 0.09 μg/mL). Under the assay conditions, all the tested compounds were more potent than the positive control acarbose (IC50 224 ± 2.31 μg/mL).
- Published
- 2014
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