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The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the employee preferences for explicit leader behaviors within and across seven Slavic countries, belonging to three Slavic tribes. Our analyses of data obtained from 2542 participants revealed several patterns of similarities in volume and distribution as well as magnitude and structure of these preferences between and within the participating nations, their regions and tribes. The differences, however, are inconsistent. We contribute to the "Black Box" of cross-cultural leadership literature and hope to stimulate further research demystifying and facilitating leadership research and practice in these astonishing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aimed to verify the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in GC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and gastrectomy. Elevated NLR and PLR prior to NAC were associated with significantly higher risk of death (mOS: 36 vs. 87 months; HR = 2.21; p = 0.0255 and mOS: 30 vs. 87 months; HR = 2.89; p = 0.0034, respectively). Additionally, a significantly higher risk of death was observed in patients with elevated NLR after NAC (mOS: 35 vs. 87 months; HR = 1.94; p = 0.0368). Selected systemic inflammatory response markers (NLR, PLR) are significant prognostic factors in patients with advanced GC treated with NAC and gastrectomy, as shown in the Eastern European population. The prognostic value of the systemic inflammatory response markers, namely neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has not yet been clarified in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer (GC) in the Eastern European population. This study aimed to verify the prognostic value of NLR, PLR, and LMR in GC patients undergoing multimodal treatment. One hundred six GC patients undergoing NAC and gastrectomy between 2012 and 2020 were included. Analysed blood samples were obtained prior to NAC (pre-NAC group) and before surgical treatment (post-NAC group). To evaluate the prognostic value of the NLR, LMR, and PLR, univariable and multivariable overall survival (OS) analyses were performed. In the pre-NAC group, elevated NLR and PLR were associated with significantly higher risk of death (mOS: 36 vs. 87 months; HR = 2.21; p = 0.0255 and mOS: 30 vs. 87 months; HR = 2.89; p = 0.0034, respectively). Additionally, a significantly higher risk of death was observed in patients with elevated NLR in the post-NAC group (mOS: 35 vs. 87 months; HR = 1.94; p = 0.0368). Selected systemic inflammatory response markers (NLR, PLR) are significant prognostic factors in patients with advanced GC treated with NAC and gastrectomy, as shown in the Eastern European population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently became the standard treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we present the first results of a real-world observational study on the effectiveness of ICI monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC treated at a single academic center in a Central and Eastern European (CEE) country. Materials and Methods. Overall, 66 consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs in everyday clinical practice, either with first-line pembrolizumab (26 patients) or second-line atezolizumab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab (40 patients), from August 2015 to November 2018, were included. All data were retrieved from a hospital lung cancer registry, in which the data is collected prospectively. Results. Included patients had a median age of 64 years, most were male (55%), 6% were in performance status ≥2, and 18% had controlled central nervous system metastases at baseline. In first-line, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 9.3 months, while the median overall survival (mOS) was not reached. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 62%. In second-line, the mPFS and mOS were 3.5 months and 9.9 months, respectively, with a 1-year OS of 35%. In the overall population, adverse events of any grade were recorded in 79% of patients and of severe grade (3-4) in 12% of patients. Conclusion. The first real-world outcomes of NSCLC immunotherapy from a CEE country suggest comparable effectiveness to those observed in clinical trials and other real-world series, mainly coming from North America and Western European countries. Further data to inform on the real-world effectiveness of immunotherapy worldwide are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality rates in Eastern Europe are among the highest in the world. Although diet is an important risk factor, traditional eating habits in this region have not yet been explored. This analysis assessed the relationship between traditional dietary pattern and mortality from all-causes, CVD and cancer in Eastern European cohorts. Methods: Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort were used, including participants from Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic. Based on food frequency questionnaire data, we constructed an Eastern European diet score (EEDS) from nine food groups which can be considered as traditional in this region. The relationship between categorical (low, moderate, high) and continuous (range 0–18) EEDS and mortality was estimated with Cox-regression. Results: From 18,852 eligible participants, 2234 died during follow-up. In multivariable adjusted models, participants with high adherence to the traditional Eastern European diet had significantly higher risk of all-cause (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08–1.42) and CVD (1.34; 1.08–1.66) deaths compared to those with low adherence. The association with cancer mortality was only significant in Poland (high vs. low EEDS: 1.41; 1.00–1.98). From the specific EEDS components, high consumption of lard was significantly positively related to all three mortality outcomes, while preserved fruit and vegetable consumption showed consistent inverse associations. Conclusion: Our results suggest that traditional eating habits may contribute to the poor health status, particularly the high CVD mortality rates, of populations in Eastern Europe. Adequate public health nutritional interventions in this region are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the provision, receipt, and bidirectionality of support exchanges are important for generational well-being, our understanding of them is lacking in Eastern Europe, a region undergoing swift population aging and social change. This study links intergenerational support exchanges to determinants in Romania, with a focus on proximity of adult children. Data are from the Romanian Aging and Migration Survey (N = 1,398). Analyses involve two stages. First, latent class analysis (LCA) is conducted to develop an intergenerational support typology. The second uses the typology as a dependent variable in multivariate equations predicting exchange determinants. LCA analysis yielded six propensity classes. Physical distance strongly predicts class membership. Having coresident adult children increases the likelihood of bidirectional exchange. Having an international migrant adult child reduces the chances, even with coresident adult children present. International migrant children lead to a higher probability of being a nonexchanger or receiving monetary support. There is a need for continued consideration of bidirectional exchange models in rapidly developing contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the reasons for student dissatisfaction with the quality of primary healthcare (PHC) in countries under healthcare system transformation (Belarus, Poland, and Ukraine) to identify reserves and make improvements. Methods: A comparative multipopulation survey was translated, verified, and completed during face-to-face interviews during March 2019 to May 2019. There were 700 Humanities students included in this study to determine satisfaction with the quality of PHC provided by the family doctor. Satisfaction was assessed according to the availability of the doctor, the level of organization of the institution, the service process, the quality of the interaction with the doctor, adherence to the rights of patients, and any additional financial expense incurred by the patient. Results: Politeness and attentiveness of doctors were rated highly. Dissatisfaction was associated with the negative attitude of medical personnel towards the patient. One in 10 respondents replied that medical confidentiality was not observed. More than 65% of students had paid for diagnostic tests/or treatments, and some respondents from Poland and Ukraine were asked by the doctor to pay for services without a receipt. Conclusion: Dissatisfaction with the quality of PHC in countries under transformation of the health system was largely due to ethical aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. Therefore, ethical standards need to be upheld and patients need to be aware of these standards using medical education materials covering the moral aspects of the relationship between medical personnel and patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The UK has experienced significant immigration from Eastern Europe following European Union (EU) expansion in 2004, which raises the importance of equity and equality for the recent immigrants. Previous research on ethnic health inequalities focused on established minority ethnic groups, whereas Eastern European migrants are a growing, but relatively under-researched group. We aimed to conduct a systematic scoping review of published literature on Eastern European migrants' use and experiences of UK health services.Methods: An initial search of nine databases produced 5997 relevant publications. Removing duplicates reduced the figure to 2198. Title and abstract screening left 73 publications. Full-text screening narrowed this down further to 10 articles, with three more from these publications to leave 13 included publications. We assessed publications for quality, extracted data and undertook a narrative synthesis.Results: The included publications most commonly studied sexual health and family planning services. For Eastern European migrants in the UK, the most commonly cited barriers to accessing and using healthcare were limited understanding of how the system worked and language difficulties. It was also common for migrants to return to their home country to a healthcare system they were familiar with, free from language barriers. Familial and social networks were valuable for patients with a limited command of English in the absence of suitable and available interpreting and translating services.Conclusions: To address limited understanding of the healthcare system and the English language, the NHS could produce information in all the Eastern European languages about how it operates. Adding nationality to the Electronic Patient Report Form (EPRF) may reveal the demand for interpretation and translation services. Eastern European migrants need to be encouraged to register with GPs to reduce A&E attendance for primary care conditions. Many of the issues raised will be relevant to other European countries since the long-term outcomes from Brexit are likely to influence the level of Eastern European and non-Eastern European migration across the continent, not just the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: It has been hypothesized that, in England, the rise in incidence of cervical cancer and the fall in screening coverage might be attributable in part to the effect of migration of Eastern European born women. We explored the attitudes and behaviours of these women towards cervical cancer prevention strategies. Methods: A mixed methods study using quantitative surveys and in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews was conducted between April 2015 and December 2016. Results: In total, 331 surveys and 46 interviews were completed. Native English women had greater knowledge that a smear test is a screening test for pre-cancerous cervical cells (90% vs. 71% p ≤0.01), whereas migrant Eastern European women believed that it was conducted as part of a full gynaecological examination (46% vs. 21% p ≤0.01) and that the screen interval was annual (18% vs. 4% p ≤0.01). Distrust of the English healthcare system resulted in some Eastern European women returning to their country of birth for screening. Poor awareness of cervical cancer prior to migration and lack of information at registration with a general practitioner in England were associated with failure to participate in screening. Conclusions: The views and attitudes expressed by the migrant Eastern European women in this study suggest that they are not fully participating in cervical screening in England. Targeted education at the point of contact with healthcare services in England is needed to increase cervical screening participation among these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is mounting evidence to suggest that East European migrants in the UK have been victims of discrimination. Reports of pay gaps point to the possibility of structural discrimination, restrictions on employment operate as a kind of legal discrimination, and politicians and the media have constructed East European migrants as different and at times threatening. The Hungarians and Romanians we spoke with in Bristol also reported some discrimination, albeit in ways that deflected its racialised connotations. But they also denied that they were victims of discrimination. Why would the supposed victims of discrimination deny discrimination? We argue they did this to attenuate, and potentially reverse, the status degradations they suffered as disadvantaged and at times racialised labour migrants in Britain. We examine two discursive strategies they employed to negotiate this higher status. First, they claimed a higher social class status by embracing the meritocratic values of the dominant class. Second, they claimed a higher racial status by emphasising their whiteness and Europeanness. These were discursive attempts to reposition themselves more favourably in Britain's racialised status hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a report from a February 17-19, 2014 conference held in Berlin, Germany on the history and political boundaries of central Eastern Europe. Topics of presentations delivered included the emigration of poor Eastern Europeans, a Summer 2013 festival in Sokyrynci, Ukraine, and the history of Upper Silesia in the late 19th century.

Implications of market frictions in the context of serial correlations in indexes on the Central and Eastern European (CEE) stock markets have been analysed. Market frictions, such as non-trading effects, bid/ask spreads, other transaction costs, etc., may be detected by direct measurement, or by indirect identification. Direct measurement of frictions is difficult as intraday trading data are unavailable in the case of most of the emerging CEE stock markets. Indirect identification may be conducted by detecting some empirical phenomena. One of them is evidence of serial correlations in indexes, the so-called the Fisher effect. We explore the problem of serial correlations in indexes on the eight CEE stock markets using data samples from each CEE market separately, as well as a "common trading window" approach, which is widely applied in the case of databases with multivariate time series. The evidence is that nonsynchronous trading effect II between markets may substantially disrupt the analysis of index returns on a domestic market. Using a synchronized database, one may erroneously conclude that the Fisher effect does not exist, although it is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates public perceptions of the concept of corruption; different types of corruption, institutions responsible for anti-corruption reform, and anti-corruption efforts in Kosovo, EYROM (Republic of Macedonia) and Serbia — linking such perceptions to some observations on legal culture in the Balkans. Drawing on large-scale qualitative and quantitative data collected in the Western Balkans in 2011, it is argued that local perceptions of what constitutes corruption as well as negative perceptions of law and state institutions are conducive to corruption and negatively influence anti-corruption reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union has achieved a substantial contribution to building a new order in Europe after the fall of the Berlin wall. Its main instrument was the accession of new member states. By associating and finally the accession of the ten central eastern European countries, the EU extended the values and standards on which it is founded. Moreover, it benefited politically and economically from this export of stability. However, the conditions in the Eastern Neighbourhood for further enlargement as a foreign and security policy are difficult. Considering this, the article recommends a further development of the European Neighbourhood Policy and a prioritisation of deepening European integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the experiences of young, well-educated Eastern Europeans who have moved to Western Europe in search of opportunities for professional development, opportunities that, for the most part, are not available in their home countries. The focus of this paper is on the resulting outcome of downskilling, where these individuals work in positions well below their levels of education and capability. Based on 22 in-depth interviews with workers living in Ireland, England, the Netherlands, Poland and the Czech Republic, the study offers two major findings. First, although self-directed expatriates move to host countries specifically for professional development opportunities, they do little to research on their career and employment options prior to moving to the host country. Second, organizations are not fully utilizing the available human capital offered by Eastern Europeans, suggesting untapped opportunities to achieve competitive advantage through human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socialist ideology in Eastern Europe strived to remodel all aspects of social life and to provide a framework for political, economic, and moral authority. For twenty years after the fall of socialism in 1989, Eastern Europeans have been entangled in dynamic transitions from socialism to democracy, from nationalized to privatized economies, and from 'thinking local' to 'thinking global.' Now, they are struggling with a new set of transformations: becoming part of the European project for politico-economic and socio-cultural integration. This multifarious process affects people in different ways according to their age, economic status and gender, among other factors. This paper investigates how age affects the experiences and conceptualizations of European integration of citizens in one post-socialist EU member-state-Bulgaria. It attempts to reveal differences in ideological motivations, degree of intensity and nuances in experiencing, conceptualizing, and engaging with the European Union. Exploration of these various experiences and conceptualizations suggests the existence of significant conceptual and metaphoric discrepancies between the pre-and post-1980s generations and within the youth generation of the 1980s itself. Both disappointment with the failure of the Soviet model of social engineering and nostalgia for the socialist past inform anticipation of the effects of and reaction to European integration. However they do not capture or explain new ways of reconstructing the past or emerging narratives of the present and the future, influenced by the differential access to a range of new economic opportunities, social realities, and domains of knowledge enabled by European integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study offers an in-depth look at heritage language maintenance and loss among the children of immigrant professionals from Eastern Europe residing in the USA. Based on semi-structured interviews with 50 married mothers and fathers, I explore: (1) parental attitudes related to heritage language transmission to their children; (2) parental efforts to transmit heritage language; (3) reported barriers to heritage language transmission and maintenance; and (4) parental adjustments in response to children's diminishing heritage language skills. The roles of individual, family and community factors in the maintenance of heritage language in the second generation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on Eastern Europe stresses the weakness of its civil society and the lack of political and social involvement, neglecting the question: What do people themselves think it means to be a good citizen? This study looks at citizens’ definitions of good citizenship in Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Hungary, using 2002 European Social Survey data. We investigate mean levels of civic mindedness in these countries and perform regression analyses to investigate whether factors traditionally associated with civic and political participation are also correlated with citizenship norms across Eastern Europe. We show that mean levels of civic mindedness differ significantly across the four Eastern European countries. We find some support for theories on civic and political participation when explaining norms of citizenship, but also demonstrate that individual-level characteristics are differently related to citizenship norms across the countries of our study. Hence, our findings show that Eastern Europe is not a monolithic and homogeneous bloc, underscoring the importance of taking the specificities of countries into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period 1995-2005 the convergence of employment shares of the Central and East European Countries (CEECs) to the EU15 average was faster in private than in public services. This reflects the different starting positions of both groups of services and particularly the relative over-employment in public services in the CEECs at the outset of the reforms. Benchmarking the employment shares in CEECs against the average share of market economies at the similar income level shows that some CEECs maintain a disproportionately large share of employment in public services. The evaluation of the progress of the CEECs towards EU15 standards through the lens of the efficiency of private services and the performance of public services, indicates that the gap in private services is much larger. The challenge remains how to simultaneously boost employment and efficiency in private services, while curbing the employment in public services without jeopardising their performance. Exploiting the innovation potential in private and public services as well as the interfaces between the two may contribute to solving the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To estimate to what extent injury mortality rates in 6 Eastern European countries are affected by changes in population drinking during the post-war period. Data and Methods: The analysis included injury mortality rates and per capita alcohol consumption in Russia, Belarus, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and the former Czechoslovakia. Total population and gender-specific models were estimated using auto regressive integrated moving average time-series modelling. Results: The estimates for the total population were generally positive and significant. For Russia and Belarus, a 1-litre increase in per capita consumption was associated with an increase in injury mortality of 7.5 and 5.5 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The estimates for the remaining countries ranged between 1.4 and 2.0. The gender-specific estimates displayed national variations similar to the total population estimates although the estimates for males were higher than for females in all countries. Conclusions: The results suggest that changes in per capita consumption have a significant impact on injury mortality in these countries, but the strength of the association tends to be stronger in countries where intoxication-oriented drinking is more common. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collapse of communism and the subsequent transition to democracy of the Central and South-East European countries have been characterized by a dynamic approach towards their recent past. In those countries having pursued some legal and extra-legal remedies, ranging from criminal trials and truth commissions to lustrations, parliamentary inquiries, compensations, restitutions or governmental based investigations, the transitional dynamic has been hugely analysed in a tremendous corpus of literature. Such clear „signs" as carried out measures and their nature are on the other hand the sheer evidence of some shaken order and of the attempt on re-establishing the trust. Besides the trauma of the early Stalinist period, all the countries in the region (Romania included) had and still have to deal with „the grey veil of moral ambiguity" (Tony Judt) that was a defining feature of really existing socialism. These societies and most of their members have an uneasy conscience in relation with the past: complicities are often covered by the thick veil of denial, collaborationism is presented as an inevitable choice, and resistance is underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost fifteen years after the breakdown of the iron Curtain, citizens in five of the best performing post-communist countries display willingness to return to the previous regime, share values convergent with communism, and high levels of dissatisfaction with democracy. using a two-step statistical analysis, this article investigates at individual level whether citizens attach attitudinal and behavioral consistency to their opinions towards the past. The results indicate that people supporting communist policies are more likely to pursue the return to such a regime compared to their fellow nationals; citizens' regret for the previous regime is not based on the ideological or policy features; and dissatisfaction with democracy has little to do if anything with the nostalgia for the communist past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the impact on the UK economy of the flow of workers from ten East European countries after their accession to the European Union. We find evidence that those most susceptible to competition from these workers have seen weaker wage inflation. We document that the presence of these foreign workers has increased the fear of unemployment and helped to contain wage pressure. We argue that this inflow of workers has increased supply by more than it has raised demand and, thus, had the effect of reducing both inflationary pressures and the natural rate of unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many contemporary immigrants belong to transnational families—families that maintain significant contact with two or more countries. These families identify with multiple environments and deal with life-cycle changes over extensive geographical space. This paper has two major aims: 1) to better understand how today's immigrant families facilitate intergenerational relationships across significant distances; and 2) to learn more about the understudied population of recent immigrant professionals from Eastern Europe in the United States. To accomplish these aims, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 immigrant mothers and fathers from Eastern European countries residing in the United States. Based on grounded theory methodology, we identified four themes: (1) The definition of "family" and the importance of extended family ties: "The relationships are tighter knit than those in the U.S."; (2) The role of grandparents in childrearing: "Who else do you think is more appropriate?": (3) The strategies of maintaining intergenerational relationships: "I want my son to know his predecessors Ianguage", and 4) The stress of being torn between two worlds: "I don't want to be happy at the expense of my extended family." Our findings suggest that, in spite of advances in communication and travel, and a strong desire for continuation of intergenerational relations in immigrant families, emotional transnationalism is not easily achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall of communism in late 1980s and the post-communist socio-economic and political transition determined a resurgence of Eastern European immigrants as a new phenomenon in United States. Examining Eastern European immigrants will increase the understanding of today's diverse immigrant population and their adaptation in the host society. Using the data from the 2002-2004 Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey, the purpose of this article is to facilitate an understanding of the characteristics of Eastern European immigration. Systematic research on Eastern European immigrants could increase the understanding of today's diverse immigrant population and their adaptation to the new society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science is conducted in an increasingly international domain but it is highly questionable whether scientists have equal chances, both professionally and personally, as opportunities and working conditions vary enormously. Drawing on new empirical research with Eastern European scientists, this article explores the professional motivations of Polish and Bulgarian doctoral scientists who have 'gone West'. We consider the relationship between doctoral training, mobility and labour markets within the broader context of science careers. Conditions that create a 'migration potential' are coupled with doctoral candidates' own professional motivations for moving. Moves are found to be economically driven—not just in the 'traditional' sense that moves are made to earn more—as expenditure on research and development influences the number of positions available and their attractiveness to doctoral candidates. Eastern European doctoral scientists share the same rationales for moving as mobile scientists in other studies: for example, moving to prestigious centres or to access international environments. Although socio-economic factors shape attitudes towards mobility, the actual moves themselves were often down to 'chance' encounters or opportunities, although contacts also played an important role. Our findings indicate that, despite a net loss of researchers, scientists do regularly return to their country of origin for professional reasons and often maintain links there, even at early stages in their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the results of a 2006 research study which looked at the long term developmental, neurobehavioral, and educational performance outcomes of a group of 8 to 12 year old children from Eastern Europe who had been adopted by families in the United States. Researchers used a parent questionnaire which was mailed to families of school-age Eastern European adopted children who had been in the United States for two years or more. Research found that while two-thirds of the children received special education services and 35% had multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, most displayed excellent social, peer and family integration skills.

The article discusses the history of the Proto-Slavic name jûxa fish soup. Also known as vegetable soup and broth, the term was one of the first words to be picked up by the speakers of Germanic when they came into contact with the Slavs. It notes that the word for soup presents a problem that it can not be reconstructed in the form required by etymology, and appears only in some transcriptions from Ohrid, the least innovative of the transcriptions. It argues that the incomprehension of K betrays that the process of elimination was under way by the time of its writing.

Lower Ordovician sequences of the Ebeta antiform, a southern extension of the Uraltau zone, were deposited at the conjugation of paleocontinental and paleoceanic sectors of the southern Urals. Four types of sections were formed on opposite sides of cordillera that existed at the margin of the East European paleocontinent on the Preordovician volcanic belt. Sections of the first three types made up the western apron on the uplift that served as a provenance. Lateral and vertical relationships of various sedimentary associations, as well as their variable (in space and time) facies patterns and sedimentation conditions are considered. An important role of redeposition, slumping, and faulting in the apron development has been revealed. The apron fringed the eastern wall of the Sakmara marginal riftogenic basin that arose at the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. On another side of the marginal uplift in the east, a slightly modified perioceanic environment existed in the Early Ordovician. Sections of another type formed here at the periphery of Uralian paleocean. These sections are characterized by the universal occurrence of ophiolithoclastic olistostrome with fragments of an older oceanic crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the discourse of backwardness in East European historiographies as an aspect of nationalism, which was what has been recognized as the dominant trope in East European historiography until the end of the 20th century. Employment of different notions of temporality; Problem of East European nationalism; Use of structural models of timeless theory and method of bracketing out time as a dimension of intercultural study; Idea of relative synchronicity; Historical analysis involving sequential development, transmission and diffusion.

Long considered an “index fossil” for the migration of the Slavs to Greece, “Slavic” bow fibulae have never been understood in relation to female dress. The “exotic” character of their decoration has encouraged speculations concerning the ethnic attribution of these artifacts, but no serious attempt has been made to analyze the archaeological contexts in which they were found. It is argued here that bow fibulae were more than just dress accessories, and that they may have been used for negotiating social power. The political and military situation of the early seventh century A.D. in the Balkans, marked by the collapse of the early Byzantine power in the region, may explain the need for new emblemic styles to represent group identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presents a model of citizen support for membership to the European Union designed explicity for post-communist countries in Eastern Europe. Guarantee to the continuation of economic reforms undertaken since the end of communism; 'Winners' who have benefited from the political and economic transition; Contrast with the attitudes of 'losers,' who oppose the free market.

The article reports on how Jewish is Jewish Budapest. The history of Central and East European Jewry has often neglected and isolated the history of Hungarian Jewry. On the other hand, Jewish identity, culture, and history were taboo topics in socialist Hungary until the mid 80s when Jewish topics started to emerge again from their controlled existence. It was a momentous event when the Center for Jewish Studies at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences was established and the Jewish cultural journal and publishing house started.

The article focuses on issues related to critical Marxism and Eastern Europe. As an effect of the post-war strategic-military games, the East European countries, dominated by Stalinist parties, were compelled to embark on the same political and economic platform as the Soviet Union, were submitted to all the practices involved and in the Stalinist socio-political paradigm. The ersatz Marxism of the epoch was subsequently the ideological framework created by Stalin and by his followers and was, in fact, a compendium of trivial metaphysical ideas interwoven with pragmatic rules and mythological fixations. The Stalinist ideology fulfilled the process of increasing pauperization of Marxist theoretical practice and actually functioned as an effective counter-doctrine meant to emasculate the originally emancipatory momentum of negative dialectics and to substitute for it an opportunist-positivistic sociology deliberately situated beyond the traditional moral borders. More than a decade after Stalin's death, the favourite theme in the discourses of East European philosophers was the return to Marx.

Discusses how a growing number of East European women fear that they may be counted among the losers in the recent revolutions. The new governments in Europe are turning into what Sonja Licht, a Yugoslavian sociologist, calls "male democracies," reports Ruth Rosen (November-December 1990 Tikkun). A redefinition of women's roles as exclusively those of wife and mother has enormous support, all the way from economists who calculate that eliminating women from the workforce will cushion the effects of mass unemployment to right-wing groups who long for the days before women's suffrage. Few East European women noticed their nominal equality in socialist regimes that granted them the right to do double duty-to carry on with virtually all of their domestic duties while working outside the home, often at poorly paid, fatiguing physical labor. Solidarity, which welcomed women to its ranks in 1980, has no female leaders and has vacillated on women's issues.

The article reports on the conflict-ridden 43rd International Labor Conference of the International Labor Organization (ILO) held in June 1959. The Czech representative Erban and the Russian delegate Surguchev protested committees' and working groups' proceedings. Numerous other disagreements and debates erupted between worker and employer factions of Eastern and Western European delegates.