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Knowledge of past climate changes in the Central Shandong Mountains (CSM) obtained during astronomical simulations of the current interglacial period may help us understand future climatic patterns. However, fewer studies have explored the penultimate interglacial (S2) period compared to the existing research on the Holocene (S0) and last interglacial (S1) periods. The absolute ages and palaeoclimatic implications during the penultimate interglacial palaeosol and whether the climate was arid during the time of glaciation in the currently humid and semihumid areas are still unclear. In this work, the luminescence ages and paleoclimate proxies in the Dongheishan (DHS) section were studied. Multi-elevatedtemperature post-infrared infrared-stimulated luminescence (MET-pIRIR) dating results were obtained in the DHS section (250-90 ka). The palaeosol ages during S2 and S1 were derived almost continuously based on luminescence ages on the orbital scale, indirectly suggesting that the study area was arid during the glacial loess sedimentation periods. The analysed chroma and magnetic susceptibility results suggest that the weathering intensity of the palaeosols in the last interglacial period was stronger than that in the penultimate interglacial period; this finding was also supported by the measured percentages of particles below 2 µm. Furthermore, the median grain sizes and contents of particles larger than 63 µm in the loesspalaeosol deposits located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River indicate variations in the proportions of proximal materials in the total deposition flux. The utilization of luminescence ages and multiple proxies can provide a reference for researching the pattern and evolution of palaeoatmospheric circulation in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]