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Eight triterpenoids (lupeol, taraxasterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, 3-O-acetyllupeol, 3-O-acetyl- α -amyrin, 3-O-acetyl- β-amyrin, and 3-O-acetyltaraxasterol) were identified for the first time in ovate-leaf atractylodes [Atractylodes ovata (Thunb.) DC.] growing in Primorsky Territory of the Russian Far East using 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with electron-impact ionization. The effect of the nature of the extractant (hexane, CCl4 , 95% EtOH) on the yield of triterpenoids from the aboveground and underground organs of A. ovata was studied. The triterpenoids were extracted most from the starting raw material using CCl4 (inflorescences, 4.87%; leaves, 1.41%; roots, 0.25%); least, using EtOH (inflorescences, 2.04%; leaves, 1.25%; roots, 0.10%). The compositions of triterpenoids in extracts of the aboveground and underground organs of A. ovata were determined by GC-MS. Lupeol was shown to be the dominant triterpenoid in leaves and roots of A. ovata (0.39 ± 0.03 and 0.10 ± 0.02%, respectively), whereas 3-O-acetyl- β-amyrin dominated in inflorescences (1.11 ± 0.04%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the poorly studied and widespread plants in the Russian Far East is the Manchurian saw-wort (Serratula manshurica Kitag.). It is known that this plant is rich in phytoecdysteroids, which have high biological activity (anabolic, adaptogenic, cardiotropic, immunomodulatory effects). Two biologically active compounds of the flavonoid class were isolated from the aerial part of Serratula manshurica Kitag., growing in the Primorskii krai of the Far East of Russia by liquid extraction and recrystallization methods: quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside. The structure of the isolated compounds was demonstrated by UV, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. The quantitative content of flavonoids in the aerial part of the Serratula manshurica plant in different phenological phases of plant development (luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, 3-methylquercetin -4'-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin, apigenin, 3-methylquercetin, luteolin, isokaempferide) was determined by the method of reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). It was shown that the maximum content of flavonoid aglycones in plants was observed during the beginning of the growing season and in the budding phase, and their glycosides during the flowering phase. Thus, to obtain plant material with the maximum content of flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, 3-methylquercetin, luteolin) the collection of vegetative mass should be carried out during the beginning of the growing season, and their glycosides during the flowering period. Serratula manshurica Kitag., which grows abundantly on the territory of Primorskii krai, can be considered a constantly renewable and promising source for obtaining flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Serratula L. (the Asteraceae family) is represented by two species in the Russia's Far East: Serratula manshurica Kitag. and Serratula komarovii Iljin, which are potential sources of biologically active compounds (phytoecdysteroids). Using liquid extraction with 70% ethanol and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC), six representatives of the flavonoid class in the above-ground parts (leaves, stems, and inflorescences) of S. komarovii growing in the Primorskii krai of the Far East of Russia, are identified for the first time: luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin, luteiolin, and 3-methylquercetin. The structure of the compounds luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, which are isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel using gradient elution with a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol, is established by UV, 1H and 13C NMR, and 1H−13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectroscopies. Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside is found to be the major flavonoid in S. komarovii (its content in leaves and stems is 4.92 ± 0.98% and 1.23 ± 0.25%, respectively), and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside is the dominant flavonoid found in inflorescences (1.10 ± 0.22%). Total flavonoids in the above-ground organs of S. komarovii are determined by differential spectrophotometry; their content varies from 1.96 to 9.04 wt %. The highest flavonoid content is found in leaves (9.04 ± 0.71%), and the lowest content is found in stems of the plant (1.96 ± 0.20%). As a result, S. komarovii can be a promising and constantly renewable source of not only phytoecdysteroids but also flavonoids for the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]