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Drawing on survey data and ethnographic findings, this paper presents a profile of women’s work participation among slum dwellers in Dhaka city. Overall, almost 50% of adult women are engaged in income-generating work outside the home. Life-cycle factors, socioeconomic status and residential location are associated with both level of work participation and type of employment. Women’s contributions to household livelihoods via paid employment are found to be significant and multifaceted. The analysis highlights heterogeneity among poor women’s work experiences and the intense “informalization” of most employment options. Implications for policy aimed at improving the conditions of working women are identified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Qualitative and quantitative data from the Urban Livelihoods Study (ULS) are used to describe the patterns of marriage, and in particular the rising incidence of marital instability, among the bustee (slum) population of Dhaka. The changing nature of bustee society provides greater options for women compared with their rural counterparts. Reduced social sanctions against divorce, dysfunction of the goshti, weaker familial ties and increased options for labour force participation are giving women greater freedom. Bustee women appear more able to avoid serious domestic violence by rejecting unfavourable marital ties. However, despite these factors, women are faced with a dilemma regarding marriage. Marital discord, insecurity and instability are high and yet marriage remains a necessity. The unstable nature of bustee life, harassment from men, social and economic dependency, the difficulty of returning to the village, and absence of strong kin networks, force women to marry. On balance, women appear to be suffering from the increasingly unstable and uncertain nature of marriage. The experience of marital breakdown has serious social and financial implications. Women living without husbands are poorer than their married counterparts. Children, too, are faring badly. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]