1. Efficacy of Ion-Channel Inhibitors Amantadine, Memantine and Rimantadine for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro.
- Author
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Zhou Y, Gammeltoft KA, Galli A, Offersgaard A, Fahnøe U, Ramirez S, Bukh J, and Gottwein JM
- Subjects
- A549 Cells, Adenosine Monophosphate analogs & derivatives, Adenosine Monophosphate pharmacology, Alanine analogs & derivatives, Alanine pharmacology, Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Chlorocebus aethiops, Denmark, Drug Repositioning, Humans, Ion Channels antagonists & inhibitors, Vero Cells, Amantadine pharmacology, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Memantine pharmacology, Rimantadine pharmacology, SARS-CoV-2 drug effects, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
- Abstract
We report the in vitro efficacy of ion-channel inhibitors amantadine, memantine and rimantadine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In VeroE6 cells, rimantadine was most potent followed by memantine and amantadine (50% effective concentrations: 36, 80 and 116 µM, respectively). Rimantadine also showed the highest selectivity index, followed by amantadine and memantine (17.3, 12.2 and 7.6, respectively). Similar results were observed in human hepatoma Huh7.5 and lung carcinoma A549-hACE2 cells. Inhibitors interacted in a similar antagonistic manner with remdesivir and had a similar barrier to viral escape. Rimantadine acted mainly at the viral post-entry level and partially at the viral entry level. Based on these results, rimantadine showed the most promise for treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2021
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