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Background: Early detection and treatment of asthma is important to minimize morbidity and healthcare costs. The objective of this study was to investigate asthma awareness and management in a western society., Methods: In a random sample of 10 400 subjects aged 14-44 years, 686 (6.6%) reported symptoms of asthma in a standardized screening questionnaire. All 686 were evaluated by respiratory specialists and diagnosed by history, symptoms, lung function tests, bronchial challenges and allergy testing. Of these 686 participants, 69 (10%) had asthma alone, 205 (30%) had rhinitis alone and 217 (32%) had both asthma and rhinitis; 195 (28%) had nonasthmatic respiratory reports., Results: Awareness of asthma was found among 163 (57%) of the 286 asthmatics, and 204 (95%) had doctor-diagnosed rhinitis as well. In a multivariate regression analysis, comorbidity with rhinitis (beta = 0.489, P < 0.001), smoking (beta = -0.116, P < 0.01), doctor-diagnosed bronchitis (beta = 0.086, P < 0.05), and earlier emergency visits at hospital (beta = 0.147, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with awareness. A difference in awareness was found between those who had asthma and rhinitis (62.2%) and those who had asthma alone (40.6%) (P < 0.01). Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were used by 27% of those with asthma, including 12% who used both ICS and long-acting beta-agonist., Conclusions: More than half of the persons with asthma were aware of their disorder; and the awareness was more likely in those with comorbidity of rhinitis. In general, asthma management was inadequate.