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Background: The perception of the quality of care provided by the medical institution to patients is directly affected by the job satisfaction of nurses. The feeling of job satisfaction is caused besides other things by the subjective expectations of employees about what their work should provide them with in return. The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare job satisfaction of hospital nurses in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2021 by identifying differences between their personal preferences and perceived saturation. Methods: The respondents are hospital nurses in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2021. A developed questionnaire was used to determine the job satisfaction factors. The order of factors of personal preferences, perceived saturation and differences between them was compiled. For evaluation was used the Euclidean distance model that enables to capture the order and determine the significance given by the distance in which the factors are located. Results: At the top of personal preferences of hospital nurses, the factors salary and patient care are in the first two places with a similar distance. The salary factor is the most preferred by hospital nurses in both evaluated periods, and at the same time there is the greatest discrepancy between personal preferences and perceived saturation. By contrast, image of profession and working conditions were sufficiently saturated by the employer in both periods, but nurses do not significantly prefer these factors. Conclusions: The salary and patient care (i.e. the mission of the nurse's work itself) are at the top of personal preferences of hospital nurses, with an exclusive position among other factors. We consider it important that the hospital management emphasizes them in the management of hospital nurses. At the same time, the patient care is perceived by the hospital nurses as one of the most saturated factors - in contrast to salary, which is located at the complete opposite pole as the least saturated factor and therefore emerges from the mutual comparison as the factor with the greatest degree of divergence. The stated conclusions are valid for both compared periods. New method of data evaluation was successfully tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new formulation of the acidification model MAGIC that uses decomposer dynamics to link nitrogen (N) cycling to carbon (C) turnover in soils. The new model is evaluated by application to 15–30 years of water chemistry data at three coniferous-forested sites in the Czech Republic where deposition of sulphur (S) and N have decreased by >80% and 40%, respectively. Sulphate concentrations in waters have declined commensurately with S deposition, but nitrate concentrations have shown much larger decreases relative to N deposition. This behaviour is inconsistent with most conceptual models of N saturation, and with earlier versions of MAGIC which assume N retention to be a first-order function of N deposition and/or controlled by the soil C/N ratio. In comparison with earlier versions, the new formulation more correctly simulates observed short-term changes in nitrate leaching, as well as long-term retention of N in soils. The model suggests that, despite recent deposition reductions and recovery, progressive N saturation will lead to increased future nitrate leaching, ecosystem eutrophication and re-acidification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The underground spaces of the former mines in Jáchymov, Czech Republic and Rotgülden, Austria house diverse assemblages of secondary minerals, mostly arsenates. The formation conditions and processes involved with the secondary minerals were deciphered using field observations, sampling of both solids and co-existing aqueous solutions, calorimetric measurements on Ca Mg arsenates, forward thermodynamic modeling, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In Jáchymov, the sampled solutions have pH values from 0.3 up to 7.4 and are moderately to strongly oxidized. The acidic solutions precipitate arsenolite and kaatialaite, and originate by the weathering of native arsenic and sulfides. When these solutions encounter hydrothermal carbonates they are slowly neutralized and precipitate the Ca Mg arsenates picropharmacolite, pharmacolite, haidingerite, brassite, and rösslerite. Measured enthalpies of formation and standard entropies were combined to Gibbs free energies of formation (all in kJ/mol) for picropharmacolite [Ca 4 Mg(AsO 3 OH) 2 (AsO 4) 2 ·11H 2 O, −8139.2 ± 12.4], pharmacolite [Ca(AsO 3 OH)·2H 2 O, −1762.0 ± 3.1], haidingerite [Ca(AsO 3 OH)·H 2 O, −1522.8 ± 3.1], rösslerite [Mg(AsO 3 OH)·7H 2 O, −2849.7 ± 2.5], and brassite [Mg(AsO 3 OH)·4H 2 O, −2139.9 ± 2.7]. Forward thermodynamic modeling and the calculation of temperature-relative humidity phase diagrams using these values agreed with field observations. In Rotgülden, secondary Ca Mg minerals are restricted to gypsum and hörnesite, and no aqueous solutions were sampled there. The Mg arsenates brassite and rösslerite are typical for systems which initially develop substantial acidity and metal load in the aqueous phase, and afterwards are neutralized, whereas the Mg arsenate hörnesite is typical for systems which maintain circumneutral or mildly basic pH, and are slowly enriched in As. Evaluation of the saturation indices in almost 900 chemical analyses of pristine water and acidic/neutral mine drainage showed that they are all undersaturated with respect to Ca Mg arsenates. Therefore, these minerals control the As solubility only in specific (carbonate-rich, Fe-poor, S-poor) mine drainage systems that are progressively neutralized. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]