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Agricultural machinery in general is the main means of realizing the production plan on the farm. There is a difference between big and small size farms in the structure of agricultural machine use. It depends on the utilization ratio and annual performance of the machines and also on the production structure. New machines are primarily acquired by economically strong subjects, which are able to create the right condition for intensive use and fast renewal rate of this new machinery. This study was made for tractors and selfpropelled combine harvesters in the Czech Republic conditions. There was big investment in this sector to the technology and machines in recent years. However, the results still show a long-term failure in the tempo of recovery and this can have a negative impact on the technical state of the machines and technological lines, their operation reliability, environmental aspects of production and operating costs of machines with negative resulting to production economics. The result shows that the rate of machine innovation depends not only on the economic prosperity and stability of agricultural companies, but strongly on capital support from public resources, too. In the paper the numbers of machinery in the agricultural sector in the last 20 years in the Czech Republic are evaluated. After renewal, the technique is reducing the number of machines expected due to higher efficiency and performance. Renewal of combine harvesters depends on 6 years cycle due to the depreciation period in accounting and the selling process of harvesting machines has a seasonal character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural land in the Czech Republic is characterized by a high proportion of arable land. The current land management is characterized by a loss of livestock and biofuel production. This leads to a decrease in the level of soil carbon in the soil. Decrease in organic carbon levels also leads to easier soil degradation by other factors (erosion, compaction). Application of large amounts of organic matter into soils is the only remedy. Decomposition of organic matter may be problematical in the decarburized soils. Therefore, organic matter can be supplemented by biological transformation activators. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of activators of organic matter in improving the soil environment. Field experiment was established at locality Sloveč in the Central Bohemia Region. Very heavy soil is located on the experimental plot. Results of the six variants with cattle manure are presented in this paper. The soil activator used was PRP Sol (PRP Technologies). The activator of the biological transformation of manure was PRP Fix (PRP Technologies). Favourable effect on the bulk density and other physical soil properties could be observed during the measurement of the physical properties of soil. Vegetation indices were another consideration for rating. They suggest a beneficial effect of application of bio-activators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]