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We are enriching the debate on the indebtedness of self-governing regions with a scientific article that focuses on the effects of this phenomenum of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic as selected Central European countries. The main purpose of the article is to find out possible measures and solutions in the stabilisation of the financial security of self-governing regions in the surveyed countries. The research refers to the monitored period from the accession of both countries to the European Union in 2004 (data summarized in 2005) till 2022 when the final annual statistical data of the regional final accounts (referring to 2021) are available. Descriptive statistical method was used to express the development trends of indebtedness, represented by line graphs and tables. The data were aggregated for individual budget years in all self-governing regions, due to significant differences in the structure of fragmentation, the research results were interpreted through the indebtedness per inhabitant and the share of indebtedness to current income determined by the legal framework. Through the study of foreign and domestic scientific literature, possible preventive measures for reducing self-governing regions debt were proposed when using returnable funding sources after joining the European Union of these two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research Background: The approach is based on theoretical sources and completed studies on business debt, debt level and repayment awareness and how this issue relates to SMEs in the Czech Republic. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this paper is to examine the attitude of SMEs towards the issue of company debt and its position within the economy. This attitude is an inherent part of the company's risk management. Methods: Three researched issues (How strongly is company debt perceived as a financial risk factor; Does the company consider debt to be a serious matter in their business; What measures does the company take to reduce risk) supported by hypotheses, which verified the thesis, were statistically tested. Finding & Value added: Practical implications confirm the thesis that there is a belief that SMEs do not consider debt to be a critical factor of business risk and do not associate it directly with the major risk of business failure. SMEs do not view debt negatively and do not directly link debt to the risk of failure. Consequently, companies consider the risk of indebtedness as relatively insignificant. Their approach to indebtedness is therefore generally passive and they also believe that it will not jeopardize their business, and they will always somehow manage to solve it through insurance, risk avoidance and through creation of financial reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a general overview of spatial distribution and the economic situation of aquaculture enterprises in Czechia (the Czech Republic) in terms of revenues, profitability, work productivity, indebtedness and grants. We analysed data available in the State Veterinary Administration and information system of the State Agricultural Intervention Fund. The most significant fish producers (enterprises) are located in the regions of South Bohemia. Aquaculture sector profitability and enterprises profits have been moderately rising since 2010. The profitability in 2015 is roughly the same as that in 2005. The amount of provided grants showed a higher value than the generated average annual profits. The enterprises were not able to generate sufficient resources to finance investments without grants resources. Enterprises that realised financing for larger investments from bank credits showed relatively high levels of indebtedness (micro-enterprises at 95.5%). On the contrary, work productivity was the highest for micro-enterprises. Micro-enterprises had the largest share of revenues in relation to the number of employees. Each group of enterprises is considerably specific and needs an individual approach for the subsequent evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debts are currently troubling many households. They often try to solve it by obtaining another loan, which unfortunately doesn't solve their problem. Household indebtedness is continuously growing and households aren't able to create their own savings. This paper focuses on on the development of Czech household indebtedness, its current status and anticipated future development. This topic will be analysed not just in general point of view, but also in terms of income and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debts are currently troubling many households. They often try to solve it by obtaining another loan, which unfortunately doesn't solve their problem. Household indebtedness is continuously growing and households aren't able to create their own savings. This paper focuses on the development of Czech household indebtedness, its current status and anticipated future development. This topic will be analysed not just in general point of view, but also in terms of income and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]