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Background: The relationship between dietary composition and plasma lipids is to some extent genetically determined. It has been found that variants of some genes (e.g., apolipoprotein E and cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase) play an important role in changes in plasma lipid levels in response to dietary intervention. We analyzed the effect of variation in the apolipoprotein ( APO) APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster on decreases in plasma cholesterol levels over an 8-year follow-up study. Methods: Men (n=133) from the Czech population, for which dietary composition has markedly changed (red meat 80→68 kg/person/year, animal fat 16→9 kg/person/year, fruits and vegetables 133→150 kg/person/year) were recruited. APOA1 (G–75>A and C83>T), APOC3 (C–482>T and C3238>G), APOA4 (Thr347>Ser and Gln360His) and APOA5 (T–1131>C, Ser19>Trp and Val153>Met) variants were analyzed by PCR and restriction analysis. Lipid levels were analyzed in 1988 and 1996. Dietary information was obtained from the Institute of Agricultural Economy. Results: In APOA5 Ser19Ser homozygotes (n=105), plasma cholesterol was relatively stable over the years (6.1±1.3 and 5.6±1.0 mmol/L in 1988 and 1996), but the decrease was much higher in Trp19 carriers (n=27; 6.5±1.6 vs. 5.1±1.1 mmol/L). This difference in change is significant at p<0.005. Similarly, a better response to dietary changes was detected in carriers of the common APOA4 haplotypes Thr-347Thr/Gln360Gln and Thr347Ser/Gln360Gln (n=102; 6.3±1.3 and 5.5±1.1 mmol/L in 1988 and 1996, p<0.001). Total cholesterol was relatively stable over time in carriers (n=18) of at least one His360 allele and/or two Ser347 alleles (5.7±1.1 and 5.5±0.9 mmol/L in 1988 and 1996, n.s.). Other variants analyzed did not influence the change in lipid measurements over time. Conclusions: APOA4 and APOA5 variants may play an important role in the individual sensitivity of lipid parameters to dietary composition in men. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:316–20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether the variants in genes for transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1; Leu10>Pro and Arg25>Pro), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1; 4G>5G variant) and collagen -1 (COL1A-1; Sp1 variant) may be useful in identifying individuals with increased susceptibility to early postmenopausal bone loss within the population of Czech women., Methods: Polymorphisms were genotyped (by PCR and restriction analysis) in 1400 females representatively selected from the Czech population as well as in 218 postmenopausal osteoporotic women 40-70 years of age (mean age 58.7 years) and a 151 control group of postmenopausal females in the same age range (mean age 59.1 years) with normal BMD., Results: We have not found any statistically significant differences in the frequency of the individual genotypes or alleles of analyzed variants between the groups of osteoporotic patients (OP), population group (PG) and control group (CG). The frequencies of the individual genotypes in the analyzed groups were as follows - 1) TGF-beta1 gene: Leu10Leu10 OP - 30.2%, PG - 35.6%, CG 35.1%; Leu10Pro10 OP - 52.1%, PG - 47.1%, CG 50.0%; Pro10Pro10 OP - 17.7%, PG - 17.3%, CG 14.9%; 2) TGF-beta1 gene Arg25 homozygotes OP - 83.8%, PG - 86.1%, CG - 89.3%, Pro25 carriers OP - 16.2%, PG - 13.9%, CG - 10.7%, 3) PAI-1 gene: 4G4G OP - 34.9%, PG - 31.8, CG - 28.5%, 5G4G OP - 43.6%, PG - 46.7%, CG - 50.3%, 5G5G OP - 21.5%, PG - 21.5%, CG - 21.2%, and 4) COL1A-1 ("SS" homozygotes, OP - 63.0%, PG - 63.7%, - CG 64.9%, "s" carriers OP - 37.0%, PG - 36.3%, CG - 35.1%)., Conclusions: Variants in genes for TGF-beta1 (Leu10>Pro and Arg25>Pro), PAI-1 (4G>5G) and COL1A-1 (Sp1 variant) are not associated with low BMD in postmenopausal Czech Caucasian females.