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Spirocerca lupi is a nematode parasite that can be found in the esophagus and aorta of carnivores, including humans. Affected animals may develop mild to severe lesions, depending on the degree of infection, route of larval migration and the inflammatory response. The present work describes the occurrence of S. lupi in a 16-year old male Chow Chow dog, presenting a chronic esophagus infection, associated with a critical obstruction. After the identification of the parasite egg by faecal exam, the patient was treated with milbemycin in combination with praziquantel P.O., in days zero, seven and 28 after the diagnose. An esophagogram was also performed, confirming the secondary megaesophagus. The team of clinicians decide to perform a euthanasia due to the complication of the patient's condition, even after the anthelmintic treatment. This report is important as it describes a case after 18 years of epidemiological silence in the Metropolitan region of Curitiba, PR, Brazil. The present data aims to raise awareness about the prevalence of this zoonotic disease and the importance of a specific clinical and radiographic diagnose in dogs. It is noteworthy to report the difficulty to reduce the size of the associated esophagus mass even after a potent anthelmintic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]