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A lack of cultural competence can negatively affect engagement among students, professionals, and countries worldwide. For the advancement of global health partnerships, pharmacy practice, and education, stakeholders, including pharmacy students, professors, and pharmacists, need to understand the political, cultural, economic, and health conditions affecting populations in all countries involved. This study explores the cultural factors necessary for fostering collaborations, specifically between the pharmacy faculties/schools in Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, and their counterparts around the world. First, it provides general information about Caribbean countries and territories, based on bibliographic research. It then presents cultural and health profiles from Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, aiming to inspire the establishment, enhancement, and support of alliances between these Caribbean nations and others worldwide.

The academic programs at the graduate level are increasingly interested about the enrollment management challenges in terms of international student mobility. Understanding fundamental enrollment concepts to attract international students provides the essential key to consider the competitive environment concerning university resources, academic program potential, complex cultural dynamics, and workplaces among others. Based on a six-year quantitative and descriptive statistical study, this paper addresses the trends of first-time graduate enrollment and patterns of international student mobility by faculty at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. Results revealed the sustained trend of graduate enrollment of international students mainly from South America, Central America, and the Caribbean among others. Moreover, the presence of international graduate students adds a dimension of diversity to UPRM between teaching and research undertakings that enhance the Colleges of Engineering, Arts and Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, and Business Administration. The international student mobility has a consistent tendency mainly in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and Agricultural Sciences. This consistency resembles the quality and reputation recognized by educational institutions and organizational world rankings. In-depth, understanding the trends related to international graduate enrollment and mobility should be considered by institutional leaders and administrators at UPRM to make knowledgeable decisions and to effectively set priorities to recruit highly qualified international students.

The Caribbean is a rich breeding ground for African-derived music. A synopsis is given of the music of the following countries and styles: (1) Jamaica; (2) Trinidad and Tobago; (3) Calypso; (4) steel pan; (5) Haiti; (6) Dominican Republic; (7) Cuba; (8) Puerto Rico; and (9) other islands. (SLD)

Compares post-emancipation societies in Haiti, Jamaica, Russia, the southern United States, Cuba, Brazil, and Zaria, relative to the acquisition of land by former slaves. Suggests that this information might provide a comparative perspective for instruction about the efforts of Blacks and Whites after abolition. (KO)

This article analyzes the repetitive stories that Cuban journalists, community members, and others have told about Emilio Duanes Duvarcer, the Haitian who migrated to Cuba in his youth and allegedly lived to be 120 years old. Although underemphasized by international journalists, Duanes's Haitian birth and history of migration were crucial to his claim of longevity, since they were responsible for the archival and cultural conditions that made his claim plausible and impossible to (dis)prove. However, the appeal of his story required transforming him into a Cuban through journalistic repetitions and statements, symbolically linking him to canonical moments in Cuban history. By analyzing repeated stories, their variations, and their slippages, this article provides insights into the racism that continues to affect Blacks and immigrant descendants in Cuba—not to mention efforts to challenge these stereotypes. It ends with reflections about which stories and identities are highlighted in Cuba's burgeoning digital media landscape and which are overcrowded by traditional repetitions of Cuban revolutionary nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new U-Pb zircon age and geochemical data from an intermediate calc-alkaline pluton with adakitic affinity from NW Hispaniola (Haiti). The data provide important constraints and offer new insight on the Late Cretaceous (~90 Ma) development and geological evolution of the Greater Antilles Arc (GAA). The pluton intrudes Cretaceous basalts and mafic basic tuffs of the volcanic arc domain in the Massif du Nord (northern Haiti), equivalent to the Tireo Fm (Cordillera Central) in the Dominican Republic. The calc-alkaline, low-K tonalite shows LREE enrichment, and HREE depletion and have geochemical features similar to adakites, including 67.11 wt.% SiO2, high Na2O contents (3.69 wt.%), and high Sr/Y (38.6). U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating yielded a concordant 206Pb/238U emplacement age of 88.9 ± 1.1 Ma, similar to other calc-alkaline intrusions in Hispaniola and Cuba related to the Cretaceous GAA. We link the presence of rocks with adakitic affinities in Eastern Cuba (La Corea and Sierra del Convento Mélanges), Haiti (Massif du Nord; present study), and Dominican Republic (Cordillera Central) with subduction of the Proto-Caribbean ridge and eastward (present coordinates) migration of the corresponding ridge-trench-trench triple junction since at least ~120 Ma in eastern Cuba to the mid-Cretaceous (~90 Ma) in Hispaniola. Here we show that this migration is not consistent with left-lateral oblique subduction and propose that it was not characterized by steady motion but by sudden jumps resulting from the segmentation of the proto-Caribbean ridge by transform faults. Ridge subduction and jumping triple point migration should have been active during the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary, when the activity of the Proto-Caribbean ridge vanished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this investigation, relevant data of 140 meteors with visual online footage from Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico are compiled, and the most significant, historical or recent, are reviewed, including records not listed in the American Meteor Society online fireball event database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the site effect at accelerograph units from Santiago de Cuba is carried out for the first time in Cuba; using accelerograph records of strong movements corresponding to the Haiti earthquake on August 14, 2021 of magnitude 7.2. The method of direct interpretation of the Fourier transform is used. The main results show that the APTO station, located on the soft soil of marine deposits, beach sand and pebbles, and storm banks, shows the highest amplitude values (APTO 69.625), as well as the highest period values (0.430 s), compared to the ABON station (0.195 s). The maximum frequency value (5,139 Hz) corresponds to the ABON station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sloths were among the most diverse groups of land vertebrates that inhabited the Greater Antilles until their extinction in the middle-late Holocene following the arrival of humans to the islands. Although the fossil record of the group is well known from Quaternary deposits in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, remains from older units are scarce, limiting our understanding of their evolution and biogeographic history. Here we report the oldest known fossil ground sloth from Hispaniola, represented by an unassociated partial tibia and scapula that are recognized as a single taxon from the late Miocene-early Pliocene of the Dominican Republic. The combination of characters observed on the tibia suggests a close relationship with Megalocnus, otherwise only known from the Pleistocene–Holocene of Cuba. These fossils fill a temporal gap between those previously known from the early Miocene of Cuba and those from Pleistocene–Holocene deposits in the region and provide additional support for a continuous presence of the group in the Greater Antilles since the Oligocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Greater Antilles islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Jamaica plus the Virgin Islands host fragments of the fossil convergent margin that records Cretaceous subduction (operated for about 90 m.y.) of the American plates beneath the Caribbean plate and ensuing arc‐continent collision in Late Cretaceous‐Eocene time. The "soft" collision between the Greater Antilles Arc (GAA) and the Bahamas platform (and the margin of the Maya Block in western Cuba) preserved much of the convergent margin. This fossil geosystem represents an excellent natural laboratory for studying the formation and evolution of an intra‐oceanic convergent margin. We compiled geochronologic (664 ages) and geochemical data (more than 1,500 analyses) for GAA igneous and metamorphic rocks. The data was classified with a simple fourfold subdivision: fore‐arc mélange, fore‐arc ophiolite, magmatic arc, and retro‐arc to inspect the evolution of GAA through its entire lifespan. The onset of subduction recorded by fore‐arc units, together with the oldest magmatic arc sequence shows that the GAA started in Early Cretaceous time and ceased in Paleogene time. The arc was locally affected (retro‐arc region in Hispaniola) by the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) in Early Cretaceous and strongly in Late Cretaceous time. Despite multiple biases in the database presented here, this work is intended to help overcome some of the obstacles and motivate systematic study of the GAA. Our results encourage exploration of offshore regions, especially in the east where the forearc is submerged. Offshore explorations are also encouraged in the south, to investigate relations with the CLIP. Key Points: We present an overview of the magmatism and metamorphism of the entire Greater Antilles Arc (GAA) convergent margin systemProminent age interval from 95 to 60 Ma might relate to strong thermal/metamorphic events associated with the Caribbean Large Igneous ProvinceImmobile trace element geochemical data show that the GAA is dominated by mafic igneous rocks [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caribbean Archipelago is a biodiversity hotspot that plays a key role in developing our understanding of how dispersal ability affects species formation. In island systems, species with intermediate dispersal abilities tend to exhibit greater diversity, as may be the case for many of the salticid lineages of the insular Caribbean. Here, we use molecular phylogenetic analyses to infer patterns of relationships and biogeographic history of the Caribbean endemic Antillattus clade (Antillattus, Truncattus, and Petemethis). We test if the timing of origin of the Antillatus clade in the Greater Antilles is congruent with GAARlandia and infer patterns of diversification within the Antillattus clade among Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. Specifically, we evaluate the relative roles of dispersal over land connections, and overwater dispersal events in diversification within the Greater Antilles. Time tree analysis and model-based inference of ancestral ranges estimated the ancestor of the Antillattus clade to be c. 25 Mya, and the best model suggests dispersal via GAARlandia from northern South America to Hispaniola. Hispaniola seems to be the nucleus from which ancestral populations dispersed into Cuba and Puerto Rico via land connections prior to the opening of the Mona Passage and the Windward Passage. Divergences between taxa of the Antillattus clade from Cuban, Hispaniolan, and Puerto Rican populations appear to have originated by vicariance, founder-events and within-island speciation, while multiple dispersal events (founder-events) between Cuba and Hispaniola during the Middle Miocene and the Late Miocene best explain diversity patterns in the genera Antillattus and Truncattus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

January 1, 1804, January 1, 1891, January 1, 1899, January 1, 1959, January 1, 1994. These dates mark the beginning of our American processes that, in light of emancipatory studies, are registered in the concept of topic / s crisis. Observing the coincidence -or more precisely- the concurrence of the events on the same day in different years (which together indicate a time frame that is close to two centuries), leads us to start the inquiry starting from the following question: Taken distance from chance, is it possible to think of common elements that allow finding intertwines and connections between the Independence of Haiti, the first publication of the essay Our America by José Martí, the US intervention on Cuba, the triumph of the Cuban revolution and the declaration of war of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation to the government of Mexico? The proposal of this work supposes the attempt to approach this question. Holding the incompleteness of the emancipatory process as an epistemological horizon, we will try to apply the notions of Crono-turns and Interface as conceptual tools through which to try to find the articulation between the topics emerging crises on January 1st. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islands are thought to facilitate adaptive radiation by providing release from competition and predation. Anole lizards are considered a classic example of this phenomenon: different ecological specialists ("ecomorphs") evolved in the Caribbean Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), resulting in convergent assemblages that are not observed in mainland Latin America. Yet, the role of islands in facilitating adaptive radiation is more often implied than directly tested, leaving uncertain the role of biogeography in stimulating diversification. Here, we assess the proposed "island effect" on anole diversification using Bayesian phylogenetic comparative methods that explicitly incorporate rate heterogeneity across the tree and demonstrate two cases of would be false positives. We discovered that rates of speciation and morphological evolution of island and mainland anoles are equivalent, implying that islands provide no special context for exceptionally rapid diversification. Likewise, rates of evolution were equivalent between island anoles that arose via in situ versus dispersal-based mechanisms, and we found no evidence for island-specific rates of speciation or morphological evolution. Nonetheless, the origin of Anolis is characterized by a speciation pulse that slowed over time—a classic signature of waning ecological opportunity. Our findings cast doubt on the notion that islands catalyzed the anole adaptive radiation and instead point to a key innovation, adhesive toe pads, which facilitated the exploitation of many arboreal niches sparsely utilized by other iguanian lizards. The selective pressures responsible for arboreal niche diversification differ between islands and the mainland, but the tempo of diversification driven by these discordant processes is indistinguishable. [ Anolis ; Caribbean; key innovation; morphological evolution; RevBayes; speciation.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several scholars have outlined the Afro-diasporic connections and semiotic features common to global iterations of hip-hop. This article proposes that what connects rappers in Brazil, Cuba, and Haiti is a specific redefinition of rap as intermedial writing. Guided by ethnographic insights, I trace the recurrent figure of writing through a corpus of songs released by Brazilian, Cuban, and Haitian rappers between roughly 2000 and 2015. Bringing together multiple sites of inscription and pathways into repente improvisation, pixação writing, samba lyricism, jazz-writing, written poetry, and activism, these rappers provide new theoretical tools for understanding intermediality as well as contemporary Afro-diasporic literature, rereading hip-hop from the Global South through the particularities of their own languages and histories. I argue that their reception of hip-hop is not only the product of shared oral/aural traditions but also a response to the specific politics of literacy that have shaped Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micrasepalum is a taxonomically and phylogenetically poorly understood genus of Rubiaceae endemic to the global biodiversity hotspot of the Caribbean islands. It has traditionally been associated with species in the Spermacoce clade, but never properly evaluated in a phylogenetic context. Also, little information about seed and fruit morphology of Micrasepalum species was provided in their original descriptions and the few subsequent taxonomic treatments. We performed a molecular phylogenetic study based on nuclear (ITS, ETS) and plastid (atpB‐rbcL, petD, rps16, trnL‐trnF) DNA sequence data to resolve the enigmatic taxonomic identity of Micrasepalum. Our analyses show a largely unresolved or poorly supported backbone in both the nuclear and plastid phylogenies of the Spermacoce clade, so that the sister relationship of Micrasepalum is still uncertain. Merging Micrasepalum with any lineage of the polyphyletic Borreria and Spermacoce or the phylogenetically well‐defined Hexasepalum, Mitracarpus or Richardia would result in a morphologically heterogeneous collection of genera difficult to recognize within the Spermacoce clade. The unresolved relationships within the species‐rich Spermacoce clade are suggestive of a rapid radiation in which Micrasepalum is one of several phylogenetically recalcitrant lineages, but that can be clearly defined morphologically. The genus is distinctive in having a caducous, 2‐lobed calyx and indehiscent, one‐seeded fruit. An updated identification key for all Caribbean genera of the Spermacoce clade and a full taxonomic revision of Micrasepalum are presented, including descriptions focused on reproductive characters, palynological analysis, a distribution map and new lectotypifications, as well as a new synonym for M. eritrichoides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the abolition of the transatlantic trade in African captives, slave traders from France, Spain and Cuba devised strategies of concealment to perpetuate and even expand their enterprise. A close reading of the unexpurgated logbooks and business correspondence of the Jeune Louis , a French ship that transported more than three hundred captives from the Bight of Biafra to Havana in 1825, identifies three decisive innovations in the Franco-Cuban branch of the illegal slave trade. Transnational business structure, risk management through honour-based marine insurance policies, and redacted record keeping transformed the wider Atlantic slave-trading sector into one capable of eluding attempts at international suppression. The clandestine techniques that this transnational slaving network developed to skirt the law also distorted the archival record of that traffic. Accounting for the resulting distortions and disappearances will enable future researchers to better navigate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently recognized Miconia sect. Echinatae is characterized and revised. It includes 23 species previously recognized within Calycogonium, Clidemia, Leandra, and especially Ossaea. For each species, a detailed description, nomenclatural information, specimen citations, and eco-geographical characterization are presented, along with an identification key for the section. Section Echinatae likely represents a monophyletic group, the Paralima clade, within the Caribbean clade of Miconia s.l. (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) and is restricted to Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica. It reaches its greatest diversity on Cuba, occurring in the western, central, and eastern regions of this island. The section can be diagnosed by a combination of characters—especially the mixture of multicellular, elongate, eglandular, bulla-based hairs and minute, globular-stellate hairs on the outer surface of the hypanthium, along with the 4-merous flowers with clavate-dendritic hairs on the adaxial surface of the calyx tube (and lobes) and strongly acute to acuminate petals. Most species also have bulla-based hairs and globular-stellate hairs on their abaxial leaf surfaces. In addition, these species lack the synapomorphies of the related sections Lima, Calycopteris, Calycodomatia, and Krugiophytum. Finally, Miconia garciabeltranii, M. joseluisii, and M. pseudopauciflora are newly described, and the new name M. cubapinetorum is provided for the species previously known as Ossaea pinetorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the "radio wars" of 1959 in the Caribbean, when Haitian dissidents broadcast their discontent with Francois Duvalier's regime from Havana's Radio Progreso. Louis Déjoie and Daniel Fignolé, drawn to a sophisticated technological infrastructure and a welcoming political climate in newly revolutionary Cuba, worked to mobilize anti-Duvalier sentiment over the course of three months. This project ended abruptly and raises many questions about the complex relationship between Cuba and Haiti in the earliest years of the Cuban Revolution. The article aims to make three contributions to the scholarship on the Cuban Revolution. First, it offers a detailed account of this episode. Second, it argues for decentering Cold War histories, which remain focused on the United States, by highlighting the relationship between Cuba and Haiti. Finally, it makes a case for the relevance of sound and listening in the making of a revolutionary Caribbean. Este artículo explora las "Guerras de radio" de 1959 en el Caribe, cuando disidentes haitianos transmiten su descontento con el régimen de François Duvalier desde Radio Progreso en La Habana. Louis Déjoie y Daniel Fignolé, atraídos por una infraestructura tecnológica sofisticada y un clima político acogedor en la nueva Cuba revolucionaria, trabajaron para movilizar el sentimiento anti-Duvalier en el transcurso de tres meses. Este proyecto terminó abruptamente y plantea muchas dudas sobre la compleja relación entre Cuba y Haití en los primeros años de la revolución cubana. El artículo pretende hacer tres aportes a histografía de la revolución cubana. En primer lugar, ofrece una descripción detallada de este episodio. En segundo lugar, intenta cuestionar las historias de la Guerra Fría, que siguen centradas en los Estados Unidos, destacando la relación entre Cuba y Haití. Finalmente, intenta señalar la relevancia del sonido y la escucha en la creación de un Caribe revolucionario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myrtaceae are a large family of trees and shrubs, including ca. 2500 species within the predominantly Neotropical and taxonomically problematic tribe Myrteae. Nearly 500 species of Myrteae are endemic to the Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot, but few have been represented in phylogenetic systematic studies to date. The major goals of this survey are to identify the main lineages of Myrteae present in the Greater Antilles and potential clades for further investigation. Specific objectives are to evaluate the monophyly and placement of the following: (1) the three genera of Myrtaceae considered endemic to the Caribbean Islands (Calyptrogenia, Hottea, Mitranthes); (2) Calycolpus and Pseudanamomis sensu Bisse; and (3) Greater Antillean species of Plinia. To accomplish these aims, species of Myrtaceae representing all genera native to the Greater Antilles were sampled from across the region for placement within previously established phylogenetic frameworks for Myrteae and the large genus Eugenia. In total, 160 terminal taxa of Myrtaceae (89 Caribbean Islands endemics) were analyzed for this study. Phylogenetic inference was conducted by maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods on alignments of DNA sequence data from one nuclear (ITS) and three chloroplast (psbA‐trnH, ndhF‐rpl32, trnL‐trnF) regions. Results of both types of analysis were congruent with each other and with the major clades recovered in previous studies, but some conflict was observed between nuclear and chloroplast regions involving congeneric species. Calycorectes (= Hottea) ekmanii from eastern Cuba was found to be closely related to Calycolpus within subtribe Myrtinae. Subtribes Myrciinae, Pliniinae, Pimentinae (Pimenta and Psidium groups) and Eugeniinae contained other Greater Antillean species. Sampled species of Plinia from Cuba emerged within Myrciaria, and Mitranthes was found to be non‐monophyletic. All sampled species of Eugenia endemic to the Caribbean fell within E. sect. Excelsae (including Calycolpus sensu Bisse), E. sect. Racemosae and E. sect. Umbellatae except for E. cycloidea, which was associated with the Old World species of E. sect. Jossinia. Within Eugenia sect. Umbellatae, Caribbean species formed two major clades, designated C1 and C2, containing species of Calyptrogenia and Hottea from southern Hispaniola, a polyphyletic Pseudanamomis sensu Bisse and the Lathberry Clade, a novel group of Eugenia species centered in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Calyptrogenia and Hottea species from southern Hispaniola are transferred to Eugenia along with Pseudanamomis nipensis, while Mitranthes species are transferred to Myrcia. Two additional combinations are made within Eugenia and Pimenta in accordance with the results, and lectotypes are designated as appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an analysis of the effect of ritual music on the sociopolitical environment of the enslaved African diaspora in Saint Domingue (the colonial name of Haiti) and Cuba. The two islands, though intimately linked by the migration of plantation workers and owners from Haiti to Cuba after the revolution of 1791, possess distinct histories. This allows us to understand, firstly, how the different ethnic origins shaped the ways in which two African-derived religions, Vodou and Santeria, were musically practiced. Additionally, we may explore how these differences then impacted on the lives of the enslaved population. I approach the topic from three perspectives: by analyzing research on the features of the drum rhythms of ritual music and their effect on the body and mind during the performance of possession rites; by looking at the specifics of a ritual ceremony and how elements - for example, the positioning of participants in a ring shape - influence the building of communities; and, finally by evaluating the much contested role of ritual music in the time leading up to the Haitian Revolution and during the rebellion itself. The paper regards ritual music as fundamental in engendering moments of collective memory and respite from social dynamics of the plantation, and also, as an auxiliary influencer in rebellion. However, its overarching claim is that the power of ritual music did not only lie in its African cultural retentions alone, but, also, critically, in its domestic evolution on the Caribbean plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How did Africans create homes for themselves and maintain ancestral practices after being forcefully taken across the Middle Passage as enslaved people into various regions of the New and Old Worlds? In the Americas, they found themselves in a place clearly distinct from African cultural and geographical landscapes and were forced to adapt to strange climates and contend with alien cultures unfamiliar to those of their homeland. Rather than being completely steamrolled by colonial pressure, however, Africans of various ethnicities actively contended with the diverse influences of the colonial context. Such practices have, in turn, shaped the continued cultural diversity of the Americas to this day. This paper explores the diffusion and vitality of Yoruba culture, in particular throughout the nineteenth century in Brazil, Haiti, Cuba, and Trinidad and Tobago, where Yoruba forms of religion, Roman Catholic sensibilities, and indigenous cosmographies formed hybridized spiritualties and worldviews. This paper interprets historical evidence alongside secondary sources and contemporary cases in order to evaluate how the conjunctural forces brought about by slavery, colonialism, and inter-culturation occasioned the formation of Yoruba Atlantic and Afro-Latinx religions such as Candomble, Santeria, and Voodoo, as well as Orisha practices. This paper also examines how such spiritualties and worldviews have contributed to the complex social and cultural composition of the Americas in the modern world. It pays special attention to the conflictual and creative energies surrounding cultural diffusion and cross-cultural migration. Although various African ethnicities were brought across the Atlantic, Yoruba cultural practices have survived with a sustained intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phyllonycteris poeyi is endemic to Cuba and Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles, and it is among the most common and widespread bats of the Cuban archipelago. This species is an obligate cave dweller and forms the largest aggregations of bats found in Cuban caves; and could be considered a hot cave specialist. This high gregariousness could increase intraspecific competition of food resources. In this study, we examined the diet of P. poeyi at Cueva de los Majáes located in Baconao Biosphere Reserve in the southeastern region of Cuba. We hypothesized sexual diet variation as a way to reduce intraspecific competition. We estimated the percentage volume and frequency of occurrence of different food categories consumed by both sexes, using faecal analysis. Throughout the year, the diet of P. poeyi is a combination of fruits, pollen and insects; fruits of at least 17 plant species and flowers of five species are used by P. poeyi and the most frequent items were pollen of Roystonea regia and fruits of Piper aduncum and Piper umbellata. Insects occurred in the faeces of both sexes and their frequency and volume were low and did not differ between sexes. Although both sexes fed on similar food categories, we found significant variation in diet composition between sexes. Throughout the year, the majority of females mainly consumed fruits while males had preference for floral resources. We did not find differences in the sexes-reproductive season interaction, therefore the differences could not be attributed to changes associated to reproduction energetics. The average volume of fruits and pollen consumed by females were independent of the reproductive season, only significant differences were found in the consumption of insects, being the highest during the reproductive season. We conclude that this dietary partitioning behaviour between sexes of P. poeyi may be a strategy to maintain a high year-round gregariousness that could be critical to the viability of their large colonies in Cuban caves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components with oral cancer (OC) in Latin America. Ecological study in 20 Latin American countries in 2010 and 2017, which evaluated the relationship between the Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) of incidence and mortality from oral cancer and the following indicators: HDI, with its components (income, education, and health indexes); and the Gini and Theil-L indexes. Among the countries with the highest HDI, men from Brazil and Cuba had the highest incidence and mortality ASRs per 100,000 inhabitants (ASR incidence >7.5 and mortality >4.5). Among those with the lowest HDI, Haiti was the most affected country (ASR incidence >4.1 and mortality >3.0). The highest male:female ratio was in Paraguay in both years (incidence >3.5 and mortality >4.0). Mortality from oral cancer is negatively related to the global HDI in both years, with regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) being −5.78 (−11.77, 0.20) in 2010 and −5.97 (−11.38, −0.56) in 2017; and separate (independent) from the income [−4.57 (−9.92, 0.77) in 2010 and −4.84 (−9.52, −0.17) in 2017] and health indexes [−5.81 (−11.10, −0.52) and −6.52 (−11.32, −1.72) in 2017] (p < 0.05) in the countries with lower HDI. Oral cancer incidence and mortality rates vary both among and within Latin American countries according to sex, with a greater burden on men. The HDI is negatively related to mortality from oral cancer in the countries of medium and low HDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The type of Dendrophthora bonaniae is clarified, and lectotypes for Dendrophthora domingensis, D. ekmanii (a synonym of D. domingensis), D. glauca, D. nipensis (a synonym of D. glauca), D. oocarpa (a synonym of D. domingensis), and D. purpurascens are designated. In addition, a new taxonomic status for D. glauca subsp. purpurascens is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report late Quaternary fossils of the hind limb (tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus, hallux, pedal phalanges) of an extinct species of eagle (Accipitridae) from Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic). We are unable to refer these 24 fossils with confidence to any Accipitrid genus, living or extinct. Among living genera, the Hispaniolan fossils are most similar in nonquantitative characters to leg elements in Geranoaetus Kaup 1844, as represented in our comparisons by the South American species Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle (G. melanoleucus Vieillot 1819). Although it may be that Geranoaetus eventually will be found to accommodate the Hispaniolan eagle and perhaps other large, extinct species of West Indian eagles (from Cuba and Bahamas), the fossil material available at this time is inadequate. Generic assignment is complicated further by uncertain generic limits among surviving New World buteonine/buteogalline hawks and eagles, which themselves also are not well represented in scientific collections. Measures of the tibiotarsus suggest the Hispaniolan eagle was 15–30% larger than the extant Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). It is likely that the large Hispaniolan eagle went extinct along with, and potentially as a consequence of, the extinction of most endemic species of large- and medium-sized mammals (primates, rodents, and sloths) that once served as prey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hypolestes comprises four geographically and genetically isolated lineages. • These lineages diverged during Late Miocene and Pleistocene. • Lineageś divergence can be better explained by a long-distance dispersal mechanism. • The Cuban lineages of H. trinitatis constitute different molecular taxonomic units (MOTU) We have examined divergence times of the Antillean damselfly genus Hypolestes , to elucidate which mechanism of allopatric speciation, vicariance or long-distance dispersal, could better explain the currently observed disjunct distributions of this genus. Samples of the three extant species of the genus, Hypolestes clara (Jamaica) , H. hatuey (Hispaniola) and H. trinitatis (Cuba), were collected. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA gene fragments were amplified to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times in this genus. Hypolestes comprises currently three species, which consist in four geographically and genetically isolated lineages located in Jamaica, Hispaniola, Eastern Cuba and Central Cuba. Results of our analyses suggest that the three species diverged between ∼5.91 and 1.69 mya, and that the separation between the lineages from Central Cuba and Eastern Cuba occurred between ∼2.0 and 0.62 mya. Disjunct distributions in the genus Hypolestes can be better explained by a long-distance dispersal mechanism, since the divergence times of the three species do not coincide with the timeline formation of the geographic barriers between Cuba, Hispaniola and Jamaica. The Cuban lineages of H. trinitatis constitute different molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU). The elevation of these MOTU to the species category requires the analysis of additional characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Targeted sequence capture to yield partial annotated mitogenomes and thousands of nuclear loci for West Indian Cyclura iguanas. • All taxa (species and subspecies) of the entire genus are represented, as well as outgroups. • Gene tree/species tree analyses and divergence time analyses with biogeographic discussion. • Well resolved phylogenomic hypothesis with important conservation implications. The genus Cyclura includes nine extant species and six subspecies of West Indian Rock Iguanas and is one of the most imperiled genera of squamate reptiles globally. An understanding of species diversity, evolutionary relationships, diversification, and historical biogeography in this group is crucial for implementing sound long-term conservation strategies. We collected DNA samples from 1 to 10 individuals per taxon from all Cyclura taxa (n = 70 ingroup individuals), focusing where possible on incorporating individuals from different populations of each species. We also collected 1–2 individuals from each of seven outgroup species of iguanas (Iguana delicatissima ; five Ctenosaura species) and Anolis sagrei (n = 12 total outgroup individuals). We used targeted genomic sequence capture to isolate and to sequence 1,872 loci comprising of 687,308 base pairs (bp) from each of the 82 individuals from across the nuclear genome. We extracted mitochondrial reads and assembled and annotated mitogenomes for all Cyclura taxa plus outgroup species. We present well-supported phylogenomic gene tree/species tree analyses for all extant species of Cyclura using ASTRAL-III, SVDQuartets, and StarBEAST2 methods, and discuss the taxonomic, biogeographic, and conservation implications of these data. We find a most recent common ancestor of the genus 9.91 million years ago. The earliest divergence within Cyclura separates C. pinguis from a clade comprising all other Cyclura. Within the latter group, a clade comprising C. carinata from the southern Lucayan Islands and C. ricordii from Hispaniola is the sister taxon to a clade comprising the other Cyclura. Among the other Cyclura , the species C. cornuta and C. stejnegeri (from Hispaniola and Isla Mona) form the sister taxon to a clade of species from Jamaica (C. collei), Cuba and Cayman Islands (C. nubila and C. lewisi), and the eastern (C. rileyi) and western (C. cychlura) Lucayan Islands. Cyclura cychlura and C. rileyi form a clade whose sister taxa are C. nubila and C. lewisi. Cyclura collei is the sister taxon to these four species combined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the reinterpretation of the migration of Haiti to Cuba that considers the mobility of Haitian women based on the descriptions of two women who migrated unaccompanied to the Bahamas.

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper looks at how the principles of internationalism have been integral to the Cuban healthcare system and to Cuba's cooperation and medical support in other countries around the world. The paper details the range and scope of Cuban health internationalism and the principles that underpin the Cuban approach of long-term collaboration, humane care, contextualization, trans-disciplinarity, respect for collective/historical memory and an ethical stance. The paper details the role of Cuban psychologists who have contributed to disaster relief work and gives an example of the Cuban approach in relation to Haiti following the earthquake in 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possible impacts of the level of formal education on different aspects of disaster management, prevention, alarm, emergency, or postdisaster activities, were studied in a comparative perspective for three countries with a comparable exposure to hurricane hazards but different capacities for preventing harm. The study focused on the role of formal education in reducing vulnerability operating through a long-term learning process and put particular emphasis on the education of women. The comparative statistical analysis of the three countries was complemented through qualitative studies in Cuba and the Dominican Republic collected in 2010-2011. We also analyzed to what degree targeted efforts to reduce vulnerability were interconnected with other policy domains, including education and science, health, national defense, regional development, and cultural factors. We found that better education in the population had clear short-term effects on reducing vulnerability through awareness about crucial information, faster and more efficient responses to alerts, and better postdisaster recuperation. However, there were also important longer term effects of educational efforts to reduce social vulnerability through the empowerment of women, its effect on the quality of institutions and social networks for mutual assistance creating a general culture of safety and preparedness. Not surprisingly, on all three accounts Cuba clearly did the best; whereas Haiti was worst, and the Dominican Republic took an intermediate position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the media representations of Cubans and Haitians in "The New York Times" periodical. It examines the immigration of the citizens of Cuba and Haiti to the U.S. and tackles the political history of both countries. It also mentions the role of media in social relations and exercise of cultural power.

The article presents a microhistorical account which follows a family of French plantation owners and their slaves of African origin from their late 19th century plantation on the island of Santo Domingo to their status during the 1912 uprising of the Independent Party of Color in Cuba. The author traces the Despaigne family from their French origins to their escape to Cuba during the slave uprising in Santo Domingo in 1793. He also considers the death of former-slave Justo Despaigne by the hands of government forces in Cuba in 1912.

The article offers information on the Cuban medical aid to earthquake-hit Haiti. Despite of the absence of diplomatic relation between Cuba and Haiti, Cuba immediately offered a multifaceted agreement to assist them, of which the most important was medical cooperation. Cuba designed a two-way public health approach to help Haiti. In addition Cuba also offered to train Haitian doctors in Cuba.

The article reports on the rehabilitation services of Cuba in Haiti following the earthquake in the latter country on January 12, 2010. It notes that Cuban-le teams treat victims in cooperation with the health professionals from other countries. It points out that the country adapted its own health approach by folding its emergency medical response into its long-term cooperation with the devastated country. The Cuban rehabilitation services help alleviate the pain suffered by the Haitians. It adds that Cuba also established health posts to treat and rehabilitate amputates to arthritis patients.

Copyright of Cuban Studies is the property of University of Pittsburgh Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article shows the results obtained in a field study carried out in Santiago, Cuba. Its objective is to show the role represented by Bantu languages and Haitian Creole in the acceleration of linguistic tendencies that came from the peninsular Spanish and influenced on the non standard Spanish spoken in the capital of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]