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Introduction: Studies have shown that the macroalga Ulva lactuca is the largest CO2 receptor. In Cuba, the possibility of installing a plant for its intensive cultivation is being evaluated, which contributes to mitigate CO2 and allows obtaining algal biomass in a sustainable way. For design calculations, equipment selection and operating conditions, it is necessary to know the maximum biomass yieldand its photosynthetic equation. Objective: To estimate quantitatively the CO2 fixation mechanism of the macroalga Ulva lactuca, using different alternatives of the photosynthesis equation based on the calculation of stoichiometric coefficients. Materials and Methods: To calculate the yield and the amounts of substrate and nutrients that the biomass is able to assimilate, mass balances are carried out to optimize the production of algal biomass, applying the method of stoichiometric coefficients in the photosynthesis reaction. Results and Discussion: The maximum cell yield of Ulva lactuca is 63.5 %. Of the photosynthesis equations proposed, alternative four has values closer to photosynthetic reality, since there is a great correspondence between the stoichiometry of microalgae growth and product formation, together with the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus sources. Both results allow us to deduce the production of microalgal biomass to implement an economically and environmentally profitable technology. Conclusions: The maximum biomass yield and the photosynthetic equation allow for design calculations, equipment selection and operating conditions to scale up the technological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results of research that aimed to analyze the tensions between the various social voices that echo and can be heard in the bodies that make up classical ballet in Cuba. Interviews were conducted with the historian of the National Ballet of Cuba and with ballerinas performing in Cuba. Interviews published in books, newspapers, digital or print magazines, videos, and television programs were attached to this material. The tensions between gender and tradition were noted throughout the research. The analyses on the topic made it possible to verify that the tradition in the Cuban School of Ballet is a complex and paradoxical condition. It produces meanings, some of which are configured as spokesmen of the instituting values of the dancers' bodies to gender, its values, and hegemonic conditions. The traditions, the meanings of being male and female established in historical, social, and cultural times are visible in the ballet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article is an attempt to show an approach to the Cuban School of Ballet from a perspective that considers its existence as an event, which lapses in a dialogic relation with the multiple facts of the context in which it develops. In this approach, emphasis is placed in the theoretical conceptions proposed by M. Bakhtin that guide the threads of the weave of a culture and its ways of expressing across time and space to achieve a design with different and unique nuances in the field of classical ballet; however, open to new possible yet unsuspected. This way, it is presented the trajectory of the construction of that singularity and the tensions among the varied social voices that facilitate its appearance and consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the technological innovations implemented in the manufacturing process of the sugar industry in Havana, Cuba, in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The author considers the role of the Cuban oligarchy in this technological experimentation, which included modernized mills, building materials, and machinery. She also comments on the influence of British industry on the Cuban sugar manufacturing process, such as the involvement of the Real Compañía de Comercio de la Habana (Royal Trading Company of Havana).

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a redox-sensitive neurodegenerative disease affecting the cerebellum, fibre connections in the cerebellum, the peripheral nervous system, and extracerebellar central pathways. Currently, Cuba has the highest reported global rate for this disease. The aim of this review article is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge about evidence of oxidative stress during SCA2. Recent reports have suggested that ataxin 2 and other related factors contribute to the redox imbalance in this disease. It is important to recognize and clarify the molecular mechanisms associated with the redox imbalance to consider ataxias innovative approaches to counteract oxidative stress-induced tissue damage, through alternative therapeutic or nutritional intervention in SCA2 and related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the efficiency of health units contributes to design strategies for attaining better results with the available resources. The objective was to develop an algorithm for measuring the efficiency at a health care institution, in order to identify the units with better productive practice; and to impel the productive efficiency by means of the incorporation of management processes of benchmarking. The algorithm developed was made on the basis of bibliographic revision and the knowledge of experts. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were combined in the algorithm. It was applied to measure the efficiency of centers of health of Tabasco, Mexico and the efficiency of polyclinics of the provinces of Cienfuegos and Matanzas, Cuba. 15 operations were defined. Data Envelopment Analysis was the technique used to measure the efficiency. More 50% of the studied units were inefficient. In all the inefficient units, potential areas for improving the efficiency and references units were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia characterized by a progressive cerebellar syndrome associated to saccadic slowing, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive disorders, and other multisystem features. SCA2 is caused by the abnormal expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet repeats in the encoding region of the ATXN2 gene and therefore the expression of toxic polyglutamine expansions in the ataxin 2 protein, which cause progressive neuronal death of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and several pontine, mesencephalic, and thalamic neurons among other cells. Worldwide, SCA2 is the second most frequent type of spinocerebellar ataxia, only surpassed by SCA3. Nevertheless, in Holguin, Cuba, the disease reaches the highest prevalence, resulting from a putative foundational effect. This review discusses the most important advances in the genotypical and phenotypical studies of SCA2, highlighting the comprehensive characterization reached in Cuba through clinical, neuroepidemiological, neurochemical, and neurophysiological evaluation of SCA2 patients and pre-symptomatic subjects, which has allowed the identification of new disease biomarkers and therapeutical opportunities. These findings provide guidelines, from a Cuban viewpoint, for the clinical management of the disease, its diagnosis, genetic counseling, and therapeutical options through rehabilitative therapy and/or pharmacological options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the creation of WiN-Cuba, a network of Cuban women in the nuclear field. In 2018, Cuba officially announced the creation of its national chapter during the WiN Global General Assembly in Argentina. The main objective of this network is to promote the work of Cuban women in nuclear and radiological applications through a well-defined communication strategy. Currently, WiN-Cuba focuses on the celebration of the "Women in Nuclear" Scientific Day, which serves as a space for scientific exchange. The article highlights the works presented at this event, as well as the recognition of women who have led radiological protection service provider centers and centers linked to the development of nuclear applications. [Extracted from the article]

This paper carries out a theoretical analysis of educational work done by means of university extension programs and in residence halls provided by cuban higher education institutions, with the aim of determining tendencies, evolution, and effects of this work on comprehensive training given to students, who spend some of their time in them and take part in such programs. Historical-logical and systemic-structural methods of analysis were used, which allowed an evolutionary study to be conducted and some scientific conclusions reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work summarizes the results of the national project Comprehensive quality improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer and other diseases, incorporating and strengthening radioguided surgery techniques. This project had the objective of raising the quality in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer and other diseases, by introducing, expanding and optimizing the clinical use of radioguided surgery in Cuba. First, the technique was started in the “Hermanos Ameijeiras” hospitals, the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology and the Center for Medical Surgical Research, with the protocolized follow-up and the analysis of the clinical impact, the national guidelines were drawn up and the accreditation proceeded. of courses and workshops for the training of human resources, guaranteeing sustainability and extension to other hospitals. As main results, in February 2020, 570 breasts had been operated with this technique, with a rate between 65-70 % of unnecessary axillary emptyings avoided, noting the improvement in staging and diagnostic precision the decrease in surgical time per patient in 30 %, lower costs of surgery, fewer associated complications and shorter hospital stays due to minimally invasive surgery and a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients. Conclusions: radioguided surgery was introduced and consolidated as an oncological surgical optimization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vascular illnesses constitute the third causes of death in Cuba. Their ischaemia variant is the causing of lives disability and of lost of the quality of the life. The search of agent's neuroprotector is very important, keeping in mind that our population is aging. Many are the reasons for the one molecule with neuroprotective activity demonstrated in animal models does not have results in to clinical treal. This work analyzes and discusses ace it improved these aspects. Recombinant human Erythropoietin (rHu EPO), known for its role in erythroid differentiation, there plows been shown to be neuroprotective during brain ischaemia in adult animal models. This molecule exponent the action mechanisms that bases the positive results reached in the investigations pre clinical and carried out clinics, arguing because it is considers as the ideal neuroprotector. Finally it is compared and the results reached by the authors in research with rHu EPO are discuss. rHu EPO was generously give by the Center Molecular of Immunology of Cuba (CIM). It was used as neuroprotector against brain ischaemia in gerbils of Mongolia. The effect neuroprotector of the application of (rHu EPO) it was evidenced by decrease of the cerebral edema, preservation of the exploratory behavior and the decrease of the incidence of clinical signs of stroke and neuropathological alterations. This results demonstrated significant differences between the injured animals and treaties with rHu EPO with the non-treaties one, which suggests that the rHu EPO should be considered as to therapeutic alternative against the stroke in its acute phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the 115 patients who suffered from epidemic neuropathy and received attention from March 16 de April 30, 1993, at the Center for Medical and Surgical Research (CMSR), in Havana City, 114 controls were selected at random in the community. In the univariate analysis it was found a significant association mainly with the smoking habit (odds ratio = 3.45 [95% confidence interval 1.85 to 6.35)] and with the consumption of edible fat of uncertified procedence (odds ratio = 2.77 [95% confidence interval 1.34 to 5.8]). All were ratified in the multivariate logistical regression analysis. Association (odds ratio = 8.8 [95% confidence interval 2.58 to 30.55] with the presence of antibodies against the Coxsackie virus A-9 strain 47 was also found among the 182 individuals who had serological test. It seems that the toxic factor derived from the smoking habit, together with the deficiency of some nutrients due to the changes occurred in the diet, as well as the contact with the isolated virus in one of the patients facilitated the clinical expression of this disease and therefore in the origin of the epidemics.