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Penaeus spp. are the most cultivated type of shrimp because they have rapid growth and good adaptation to farming conditions. Due to diseases that result in high mortality and a decreased product quality, the cultivation of these shrimp globally, and in Cuba in particular, comes with the risk of significant financial losses. This study examined the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 1-kestose) on the growth and immune response of shrimp, as well as the multitude of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in Penaeus vannamei post-larvae under culture conditions. Fructooligosaccharide was applied in a completely randomized manner at a concentration of 0.4%, in both experimental groups with seventeen tanks each. In the results of this investigation, animals of greater weight (control 6.8 ± 0.2 mg; FOS 9.5 ± 0.3 mg; p < 0.001), length (control 1.1 ± 0.1 mm; FOS 1.3 ± 0.1 mm; p < 0.001), and survival (control 61.7% (95% CI of median 54.2–70.0); FOS 76.6% (95% CI of median 72.1–84.2); p < 0.001) were obtained when administered FOS relative to the control. An increase in the activity of proteases (p < 0.001), enzymes of the innate immune system such as phenoloxidase (p < 0.001), and lysozymes (p < 0.001) was observed, as well as an increase in the number of lectins (p < 0.001). Changes in the microbiota could be observed, with a reduction in Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. (control 2.4 × 103 ± 0.5 × 103; FOS 1.1 × 102 ± 0.3 × 102; p < 0.001). FOS improves the quality of the post-larvae of P. vannamei as reflected in the length, weight, and survival of the animals. Moreover, FOS stimulates the P. vannamei immune system through the enzymatic activities of phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and a number of lectins. The reduction in the population load of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. might be a consequence of the improvement in the quality and immune system of P. vannamei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Income relations, present in the construction of socialism, have not been applied either theoretically or practically through the payment of taxes or other forms in which they could be captured, which means that they are not taken into account when calculating the tax base or in the differentiation of producers, according to the type of soil on which they work. For its part, the tobacco industry constitutes a line of vital importance for the country's economy as an exportable item, recognized for its quality, purity and combination of knowledge that identify it especially in the western region of Cuba, where the soil characteristics are ideal to obtain higher levels of productivity, potentialities that are not yet exploited to the maximum. The objective of the present work lies in: To assess, on the basis of the theoretical referents of differential income, the need for the capture of differential revenue as a tax base in enterprises and cooperatives of the Cuban agricultural sector. For its fulfillment, the historical-logical and systemic-structural theoretical methods and empirical methods such as measurement and observation, among others, were used. The main result of the research lies in a diagnosis that demonstrates the need to calculate taxes taking differential revenues as a taxable base in tobacco enterprises, based on the theory of differential income, which will allow increasing the state budget from tax revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Carsologica is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mendive - Revista de Educacion is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mendive - Revista de Educacion is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION With a global adult prevalence of 24%, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a global health problem that parallels the worldwide increase of obesity. Its frequency, clinical characteristics and related diseases in Cuba remain unknown. OBJECTIVE Describe the clinical characteristics, comorbidities and personal habits of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who are being treated in secondary and tertiary health facilities in seven Cuban provinces. METHODS A cross-sectional, multicenter study was carried out in 6601 adults seen at gastroenterology outpatient clinics of nine hospitals in seven Cuban provinces from September 2018 through May 2019. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. The study included 1070 patients who met the diagnostic and study criteria and agreed to participate. Their personal habits and anthropometric and clinical characteristics, comorbidities and other aspects of their medical histories were recorded. RESULTS Of the 1070 participants, 60.7% (649) were women. Participants' average age was 54.5 years and average body mass index was 30.5 kg/m2. A total of 397 (37.1%) were overweight and 574 (53.6%) were obese, 945 (88.3%) led a sedentary lifestyle, 564 (52.7%) had high blood pressure, 406 (37.9%) had lipid disorders and 301 (28.1%) were diabetic. While 484 (45.2%) of patients were asymptomatic, the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms were fatigue (262; 24.5%), dyspepsia (209; 19.5%), abdominal pain (306; 28.5%) and hepatomegaly (189; 17.7%). Liver cirrhosis was present in 37 (3.5%) patients at the time of diagnosis. Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were identified in 391 (36.5%) and 279 (26.1%) of participants, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in these Cuban patients coincides with that reported in the Caribbean region, which has high levels of obesity, overweight and sedentary lifestyles. Most were asymptomatic, female or had metabolism-related comorbidities such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders. Diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common NHL in adults, it accounts around 30-40% of all NHL. DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA: REAL-WORLD CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH RITUXIMAB PLUS CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, DOXORUBICIN, VINCRISTINE AND PREDNISOLONE IN CUBA. [Extracted from the article]

INTRODUCTION The steadily increasing prevalence of diabetes globally has captured researchers' attention. Cuban production of scientific articles on diabetes has not been studied from a bibliometric perspective. OBJECTIVE Characterize the production and impact of research and review articles on diabetes by Cuban authors in journals listed in the Scopus bibliographic database, as well as related collaboration among Cuban institutions and between Cuban and non-Cuban institutions. METHODS A bibliometric analysis was conducted using 2000-2017 data from the Scopus database. The following search strategy was used: descriptor (diabetes), country (Cuba), publication source (journal), article type (original research, review article). Bibliographic indicators of production, visibility, impact and collaboration were examined. RESULTS Cuba contributed 3.2% of Latin American production and 0.1% of global production related to diabetes. Within Cuba's scientific production (610 articles, 538 original research and 72 review), 85.9% had a Cuban corresponding author (Cuban leadership). In articles with international collaboration (22.9%), however, most (67.9%) had non-Cuban corresponding authors. A total of 47% (287) were articles involving a single institution. Only 11.1% were published in top-ranked journals, and 14.4% were cited >10 times. Cubans were lead authors on 0.3% of the most frequently cited (top 10%) articles on diabetes in Scopus. A total of 38.4% of this production appeared in low-impact journals and 57.9% in Cuban journals. Articles published in English accounted for 30% of total and obtained higher impact in terms of citations than articles in Spanish. The strongest networks for scientific collaboration were those that connected Cuban and US researchers. CONCLUSIONS Cuban scientists conduct research on diabetes, but their work is not highly visible in the peer-reviewed literature, particularly in top-ranked journals. The problem is not simply one of publishing more, but of knowing how and where to publish. It is urgent that Cuban universities training health professionals at all levels include instruction on scientific writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre el estado de infecciones nosocomiales en Cuba. Los autores comentan sobre los esfuerzos para el control de estas infecciones mediante técnicas moleculares de tipificación de microorganismos. También se considera el impacto global de la infecciones nosocomiales.

Cuba faces a development dilemma: it promotes equity and human capital while failing to deliver economic growth. For the government, the country's equity and human capital achievements are a source of pride, a sign that its priorities are right. This essay argues instead that this 'equity without growth' dilemma is a sign of malaise. Theory and evidence suggest that high levels of equity and human capital should produce high levels of economic growth. Because growth is often weak or negative, some onerous barriers to development must be present. These barriers, it is argued, are restrictions on property and political rights. By comparing Cuba and China across two sectors, the bicycle industry and Internet access, this article shows how these restrictions have hindered growth. It also assesses how Cuba's latest economic reforms, the so-called Lineamientos, will address Cuba's development dilemma. The impact may be minimal, but perhaps more lasting than previous reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innovación Tecnológica is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article constitutes a work tool for 8th grade teachers. This offers the theoretical and methodological basic supports of a methodological activities system to develop the potentialities of the interdisciplinary node energy. In the same way is built a nodes structures that is able to establish the interdisciplinary relationships between natural sciences and Physic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computerization is a process of global scope that guides the development of societies, enabling a cultural change from the digital transformation. Electronic government is a tangible dimension of the computerization of society, merging the intensive use of technologies with management, planning and public administration modalities in online services, as its most obvious expression. Cuba is advancing in this sense in different sectors, and one of the expressions that demonstrates this is the President's orientation to build Observatories that provide technological and informational support to Cuba's Food Sovereignty and Nutrition Education Plan. Indication, which expresses the country's conscious need to introduce information and knowledge management through the optimal use of technologies in the challenge of producing more food in a sustainable way for the nation. Based on these conditions, and the need to develop alternatives in the management of science that contribute to more dynamic and interactive forms of knowledge transfer, this research aims to develop a set of mobile applications, as part of electronic government, that extend to the agricultural sector knowledge products derived from science, technology and innovation that allow the strengthening of technological capacities based on food and nutritional sovereignty. Scientific methods and procedures were used that made it possible to obtain a result consistent with the new forms of management that the country calls for. Aligned to national standards for the computerization of society and electronic government, due to the high innovative component of the technological solutions developed within the technological framework of the Pinar del Río Food Sovereignty Observatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Concern about becoming infected is a particularly relevant psychological aspect in the context of a pandemic, as it is associated with social reactions and behavioral changes. Objectives: The present study sought to determine some sociodemographic and health factors associated with concern about COVID-19 infection in Cuban patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: 203 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who attended nine primary care areas of four Cuban provinces belonging to different regions of the country (65.52% female, mean age 57.5, SD=19.2), selected through non-probabilistic sampling, participated in the study. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the COVID-19 contagion concern scale (PRE-COVID-19) and an evaluation of blood glucose level were applied. Bivariate associations were examined with a series of analyses of variance (ANOVA). Adjusted (multiple) regression with all predictors running simultaneously was also used. Results: Bivariate analyses showed that age, sex, education, occupation, having comorbidities, and having a family member or friend who had COVID-19 were significantly related to COVID-19 contagion concern. However, when all variables were included simultaneously, only age, technical education, having comorbidities, and having a friend or family member who had COVID-19 remained significant predictors of concern about COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Male patients, with a technical level of education, with comorbidities and those who had infected family members or friends presented greater concern for the contagion of COVID-19. The public health policies should develop strategies to assess the mental health of people belonging to vulnerable groups and provide interventions to promote mental health in those who show concern about infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was developed with the objective of analyzing work efficiency indicators of agricultural aggregates formed with a YTO x1204 tractor, harrows and a land plane, in order to establish them partially for the future planning of agricultural works in the Agroindustrial Company of Grains "Fernando Echenique" from Granma Province. To carry out the research, Cuban standards were used as well as instructions and methodologies referred on specialized literature. The results showed that most of the values of the efficiency indicators of these agricultural groups are below the technical possibilities. However, the utilization coefficient of the working width (eß) for the land plane, the utilization coefficient of the working speed (eV) of the 52-disc heavy harrow and the utilization coefficient of work shift (t) of the three aggregates are classified as acceptable. It is concluded that the magnitudes of real productivity (Wr) obtained behaved below the real possibilities of the set with magnitudes of 14.65; 17.71 and 29.1 ha shift-1, respectively, which is due to violations of the kinematic parameters during work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable agriculture in Cuba is based in the obtaining of the ecological and organic productions that to favor it development, with the minimum of chemical product. This it required to search of alternative of organic fertilization for the growth and development of the cultivations with acceptable yields and of good quality, besides it this also offer to at soils nutrients and favor the physical, chemical and biological properties. It was carried out an investigation with the objective of establishing technological variants for the efficient use of the crop residuals in the compost production. The alternatives are use to accelerate the compost process and the quality of the formed product is improve. The experiments were carried out with different variants of compost in the first stage. It using diverse residual of crops, as pepper residuals, banana and husk of rice, as well as, two fungi and zeolite to accelerate and improve the quality of process of decompositions the organic materials and was obtained compost with good quality. The time of elaboration of compost decrease with the use of fungus Artrobotys nuciformis, Pycnosporus sp, and zeolite. The environmental and social benefits was obtained with this results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and management in Cuba was studied with a view to integrating composting of the organic fractions of MSW into the system. Composting is already included as part of the environmental strategy of the country as an appropriate waste management solution. However, no programme for area-wide implementation yet exists. The evaluation of studies carried out by some Cuban and international organisations showed that organic matter comprises approximately 60–70% of the MSW, with households being the main source. If all organic waste fractions were considered, the theoretical amount of organic waste produced would be approximately 1Mio.Mg/a, leading to the production of approximately 0.5Mio.Mg/a of compost. Composting could, therefore, be a suitable solution for treating the organic waste fractions of the MSW. Composting would best be carried out in decentralised systems, since transportation is a problem in Cuba. Furthermore, low technology and low budget composting options should be considered due to the problematic local economic situation. The location for such decentralised composting units would optimally be located at urban agricultural farms, which can be found all over Cuba. These farms are a unique model for sustainable farming in the world, and have a high demand for organic fertiliser. In this paper, options for the collection and impurity-separation in urban areas are discussed, and a stepwise introduction of source-separation, starting with hotel and restaurant waste, is suggested. For rural areas, the implementation of home composting is recommended. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Researchers in the discipline of maintenance refer more than 110 indicators or variables to assess the management of this activity, which are classified mainly into three groups: absolute indicators, efficiency indicators and effectiveness indicators. In the particular case of Cuba, maintenance management is performed on a single indicator basis: the technical availability coefficient, which does not allow knowing the true behavior of the machines. Due to this, the present investigation is carried out with the objective of evaluating the quality of the technical maintenance applied to the equipment of the entity through the application of the world class indexes. For this study the calculation methodology of the maintenance indicators will be applied, which presents the corresponding formulas that allow revealing the quality of the technical services performed, and based on that information, to emit evaluative criteria about the management of the function maintenance in the mentioned entity. Among the main results stand out the Availability by equipment and the Cost of Maintenance by Invoicing, observing that, for the analyzed compressors, averages of 85.14% and 47.35%, were obtained respectively. Finally, the quality of the technical maintenance in Bayamo Dairy Factory during the observed period was evaluated as acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measures system of conservation in the potentially erosionable soils of flat to wavy relief of the region oriental center of the country it has been introduced countries of this region Sancti Spíritus, Ciego of Avila, The Tunas. The main objective is decreasing the soils and nutrients losses caused by erosion and the rains. The physical and chemical properties soils were improve; it is demonstrated through the results obtained in the demonstrative fields. The slight machinery was introduced according to the slope degree, perpendicular to slope, the sows in sinuous line and fringes buffer, alive barriers as well as small barricade, drainage channels was used in this fields. The soils were covered with cultivations, the degradations soils decreases. The conservation measures and improvement were generalized in a total of 4 227, 96 there is in the county Sancti Spíritus, 1 404.00 have in Ciego of Ávila and 3 524.00 there are in The Tunas. The yields obtained in the areas demonstrative were increased with the applied measures. It was qualified 2 712 people, among producers, specialists, directive and population in the necessity to take care and to conserve the soils, like one of the most important resources in the nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]