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Determinants of gender-role attitudes were examined in samples of university students from Pittsburgh in the United States, Ljubljana in Slovenia, and Osijek in Croatia. Surveys including items from the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and the Neosexism Scale were administered to a total of 1,544 U.S. students, 912 Slovene students, and 996 Croatian students between the years of 1991 and 2000. As predicted, men held less egalitarian or more sexist attitudes about the appropriate roles for women and men, and those with more frequent attendance at religious services held more sexist attitudes. No changes in attitudes were found for women over time, but Slovene males were found to become more traditional over time. (Contains 2 tables.)

How dental patients are affected by oral conditions can be described with the concept of oral health-related quality of life ( OHRQoL). This concept intends to make the patient experience measurable. OHRQoL is multidimensional, and Oral Function, Oro-facial Pain, Oro-facial Appearance and Psychosocial Impact were suggested as its four dimensions and consequently four scores are needed for comprehensive OHRQoL assessment. When only the presence of dimensional impact is measured, a pattern of affected OHRQoL dimensions would describe in a simple way how oral conditions influence the individual. By determining which patterns of impact on OHRQoL dimensions exist in prosthodontic patients and general population subjects, we aimed to identify in which combinations oral conditions' functional, painful, aesthetical and psychosocial impact occurs. Data came from the Dimensions of OHRQoL Project with Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP)-49 data from 6349 general population subjects and 2999 prosthodontic patients in the Learning Sample ( N = 5173) and the Validation Sample ( N = 5022). We hypothesised that all 16 patterns of OHRQoL dimensions should occur in these individuals who suffered mainly from tooth loss, its causes and consequences. A dimension was considered impaired when at least one item in the dimension was affected frequently. The 16 possible patterns of impaired OHRQoL dimensions were found in patients and general population subjects in both Learning and Validation Samples. In a four-dimensional OHRQoL model consisting Oral Function, Oro-facial Pain, Oro-facial Appearance and Psychosocial Impact, oral conditions' impact can occur in any combination of the OHRQoL dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to already existing monitoring of clinical indicators of oral diseases a need was recognized for a standardized measure of patients' assessment of their own health in Croatia. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the OHRQoL before and after prosthodontic complete denture therapy and to examine possible differences between male and female gender. The aim was also to assess the OHRQoL of general population in Croatia and to compare the OHIP scores with the group of complete denture (CD) prosthodontic patients. Material and Methods: The study included 130 individuals from general population in Croatia and 70 patients involved in CD therapy. Participants filled in the Croatian version of the OHIP questionnaire (OHIP-CRO49). Results: In the general population there were no statistically significant differences considering the OHRQoL between male and female gender (p>0.05). In the group of prosthodontic patients the OHRQoL was significantly lower in females before the beginning of CD therapy than in men (p<0.05) and remained lower even six months after the therapy had been finished, which was proved by higher OHIP summary score and the scores of the following OHIP subscales: Psychological discomfort, Social disability and Handicap. Before CD therapy had begun the OHRQoL was significantly lower in patients with a need for CD therapy in relation to general population (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the OHRQoL was signifi- cantly improved by the insertion of new CDs in all prosthodontic patients (p<0.05), in comparison with general population it remained significantly lower even after the CD treatment had been finished for the following OHIP subscales: Psychological discomfort, Physical disability and Social disability (p>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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