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BackgroundLeptin and adiponectin are hormones secreted by adipose tissue, and both hormones are candidate intermediaries between adipose tissue and overweight-related diseases. So far, no prospective study has been published where the independent effects of these two hormones on the development of hypertension have been directly compared. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin and new-onset hypertension in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS).MethodsIn a prospective study design, we examined new-onset hypertension in 620 women and 300 men who were normotensive in the third CCHS examination, which was performed in 1991–1994.ResultsBetween the third and the fourth CCHS examination, which was performed in 2001–2003, 254 had developed hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medication. Using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fibrinogen, and glucose, and with leptin and adiponectin included in the same model, leptin was significantly associated with new-onset hypertension with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.28 (1.08–1.53; P < 0.005) for 1 s.d. higher level of log-transformed leptin, whereas adiponectin was not significantly associated with new-onset hypertension having an odds ratio of 1.02 (0.84–1.24; P = 0.83) for 1 s.d. higher level of log-transformed adiponectin.ConclusionsIn the CCHS, leptin, but not adiponectin, was a significant independent predictor of new-onset hypertension.American Journal of Hypertension 2010; doi:10.1038/ajh.2009.244 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background People who are physically active have at least a 30% lower risk of death during follow-up compared with those who are inactive. However, the ideal dose of exercise for improving longevity is uncertain. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between jogging and long-term, all-cause mortality by focusing specifically on the effects of pace, quantity, and frequency of jogging. Methods As part of the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 1,098 healthy joggers and 3,950 healthy nonjoggers have been prospectively followed up since 2001. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed with age as the underlying time scale and delayed entry. Results Compared with sedentary nonjoggers, 1 to 2.4 h of jogging per week was associated with the lowest mortality (multivariable hazard ratio [HR]: 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11 to 0.80). The optimal frequency of jogging was 2 to 3 times per week (HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.69) or ≤1 time per week (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.72). The optimal pace was slow (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.24 to 1.10) or average (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.66). The joggers were divided into light, moderate, and strenuous joggers. The lowest HR for mortality was found in light joggers (HR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.47), followed by moderate joggers (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.38) and strenuous joggers (HR: 1.97; 95% CI: 0.48 to 8.14). Conclusions The findings suggest a U-shaped association between all-cause mortality and dose of jogging as calibrated by pace, quantity, and frequency of jogging. Light and moderate joggers have lower mortality than sedentary nonjoggers, whereas strenuous joggers have a mortality rate not statistically different from that of the sedentary group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]