1,183 results on '"Venezuela"'
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2. Entrepreneurial Decisions and Problem-Solving: A Discussion for a New Perspective Based on Complex Thinking
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Patricia Esther Alonso-Galicia, Adriana Medina-Vidal, and Simona Grande
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This work addresses the importance of innovation in entrepreneurial and business education to ensure that students develop the ability to make complex decisions and solve complex challenges. The intention was to incorporate the complexity theory in decision-making and problem-solving in business and entrepreneurship. To achieve this, we present the results of the first phase of our project, aiming to scale the levels of complex thinking in university students, discuss the need for business and entrepreneurship students to develop complex thinking competency (including its sub-competencies of critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative thinking) in the complexity of the business environment, analyze the relevance of system elements, apply their inductive and deductive reasoning, and create appropriate and relevant solutions. Our findings suggest that an educational model focused on developing complex thinking and its four sub-competencies can enable entrepreneurs to integrate sustainable development, increase their social engagement and critical thinking, develop their imaginative intelligence and discursive and reflective skills, and thus improve their decision-making and problem-solving processes. In the future, we plan to extend this analysis to the behavior of real-life entrepreneurs. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
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- 2023
3. Navigating AACSB Accreditation with Strategic Leadership and Change Management: A Systematic Literature Review
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Irene Budi Prastiwi and Martinus Tukiran
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Purpose: This study aims to identify the strategic leadership and change management used to obtain the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditations as well as the research development on AACSB in the past decade. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a systematic literature review following Petticrew and Roberts' study. The articles were limited to empirical studies published from 2013 to 2022, taken from the Dimensions AI database. Findings: The findings suggested that two leadership styles were used to obtain AACSB accreditation: dominance-oriented transformational and financial leadership, alongside three traits of academic leaders: commitment, engagement and encouragement. Additionally, three change management models/processes were found in the articles: teaching evaluation framework, temporary isomorphism and authenticity. Finally, they discovered that the object of the studies on AACSB accreditation had been narrowed down from the organizational level to smaller objects consisting of schools' identity, teaching, learning and business schools' key players. Research limitations/implications: As this study only used Dimensions AI, potential articles related to the topic outside the database could not be obtained. Thus, it limits the scope of the findings of this paper. Practical implications: This study informs academic leaders in business schools about the role of strategic leadership and change management in obtaining AACSB accreditation. Originality/value: Through a systematic scoping review, this study presented a decade of research development on AACSB in addition to the strategic leadership and change management needed to obtain it.
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- 2024
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4. What Do Institutions Teach for in Borderline Settings: Students' Views on Curricular Relevance in Elementary and Middle School Education?
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Gamboa Suárez, Audin Aloiso, Avendaño Castro, William Rodrigo, and Hernández Suárez, César Augusto
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This research article reports the findings of a study that sought to identify the opinion of students on the curricular relevance in elementary and secondary education in institutions located in Colombian and Venezuelan border contexts. The methodological approach is framed within the quantitative-descriptive paradigm. The conclusions of the study show that the relationship between curriculum, pedagogical practice, student, and context, does not exempt the responsibility assumed by the members of the educational community towards education but allows for generating spaces of agreement where the social and economic context is the most significant bulwark to define the sense through which education will be dynamized.
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- 2022
5. Perceptions and Attitudes of Young University Students about Venezuelan Migration in a Colombian Border City
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Rubio, Gladys Adriana Espinel, Núñez, Raúl Prada, and Suárez, Cesar Augusto Hernández
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The purpose of the research was to identify the perceptions and attitudes of university students in the main border and receiving city of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, to validate the tendency registered in several studies and surveys where discriminatory and xenophobic practices were evident. Through an instrument made up of 35 questions and applied to 216 young people between 16 and 28 years of age, it can be concluded that despite the information they receive from the media, university students understand that the decision to migrate was motivated by adverse situations that Venezuelan people face in their country, putting their survival at risk. This opens the possibility of designing and implementing strategies that promote economic integration, but also cultural integration, based on diversity, respect as a value and recognition of the other not only from the media scenario but also from the communicative action itself.
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- 2022
6. Eliciting Complex Thinking through Open Educational Resource Projects
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Suárez-Brito, Paloma, López-Caudana, Edgar Omar, Baena-Rojas, Jose Jaime, and Ramírez-Montoya, Soledad
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Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of Open Educational Resources (OERs) has increased due to its advantages for academic activities and educational quality. Hence, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have sought to develop strategies to promote curricular and extracurricular activities that favor developing disciplinary and transversal competencies such as complex thinking and its meta-competencies: critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative thinking, oriented to favor problem-solving among students and the academic community. The main objective of this study was to analyze how using OERs in virtual education can promote the development of complex thinking as a transversal competency in higher education. We analyzed the content of 65 educational projects in a webinar aimed at promoting the adoption of OERs in the professional practice of the educational community. Each project had to comply with specific requirements, from the project's identification and description to measuring and evaluating the results and its impact and added value. Once all the projects were reviewed, the responses were classified into defined categories for better presentation; the sub-competency of complex thinking promoted by each project element was identified qualitatively. The results highlight how an OER can, through concrete activities, elicit complex thinking and its sub-competencies in higher education. The present study adds new evidence to the literature regarding boosting OERs as a tool to develop competencies aligned with UNESCO recommendations and contribute to fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals in education.
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- 2022
7. Teaching Special Questions: The Role of Semantics and Pragmatics in Colloquial Interrogative Structures in Spanish
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Fernández-Sánchez, Javier and García-Pardo, Alfredo
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In this paper we analyze the semantic and pragmatic properties of a colloquial interrogative construction attested in European Spanish, which we label invariable "qué" questions (IQQs). In doing so, we contribute to the better understanding of a relatively understudied phenomenon in Spanish, given that IQQs have been mainly approached from a purely syntactic standpoint. We claim that evidentiality and irony play a crucial role in the understanding of IQQs. Because of their special interpretative functions, as well as the fact that they do not appear to have a clear correlate in other languages, we believe IQQs pose a challenge to the second language student, which is why we further offer a step-by-step proposal to introduce IQQs in the Spanish as a second language class.
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- 2023
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8. Characterizing Organizational Sustainability in Catholic Schools: A Cross-National Study Applying Text Mining
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Esneider Gutierrez-Rivera, Manuela Escobar-Sierra, and Jorge-Andrés Polanco
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Previous studies have suggested the importance of sustainability in all organizations; however, their application to schools as an organization is limited. This study aims to characterize sustainability in primary and secondary catholic schools. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of resources, capabilities and stakeholders because they relate most directly to organizational sustainability. The method consists of three interrelated parts. First, a bibliometric analysis with four clusters was obtained in the first model of understanding (1.0). The second stage consisted of a content analysis, which elicited meanings by screening 2,710 records and deepening 200 research studies with the model (2.0). Then, in the third stage, an exploratory analysis was carried out through interviews with a group of Latin American education experts who manage almost 300,000 students in Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil, and Chile; the data were analyzed using the text mining technique with discourse analysis. The results validated five categories: Management, Campus Operation, Well-being, Education for Sustainable Development, and Associativity. This study concluded that associativity in these Catholic organizations is fundamental to guaranteeing their sustainability over time and that the wellbeing category implies social and political transformation processes. Therefore, it is proposed for future research to measure these categories and systematize them as a model of sustainability management in the school as a whole and as a strategy for managing sustainability processes in the whole school.
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- 2023
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9. Understanding Latin America's Educational Orientations: Evidence from 14 Nations
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Osiobe, Ejiro U.
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Latin American countries have evolved over the years. Still, after years of military reign, socioeconomicinstability, and civil wars, the region has been known for its anti-hegemonic economic growth (educationalpolicies) strategies. Central and South America's educational system has long been under investigation by researchers both theoretically and empirically. The transition of its education system through the introduction of centralized, liberalized, and populist ideology has sparked many researchers' interest. This paper aims to understand and compare 14 Latin American countries' education orientation. The study uses a matrix table to visualize the qualitative finding.
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- 2020
10. Language Ideology Planning as Central to Successful Revitalization Projects
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Sarah Shulist and Tania Granadillo
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Linguistic and anthropological research has demonstrated that language ideologies play a complex role in contexts of language endangerment, as well as in revitalization initiatives. In this paper, we articulate some central ways in which these beliefs and interests can translate into significant barriers to successful language revitalization. Based on collaborative ethnographic fieldwork with Indigenous languages in North and South America, we propose a model for planning language ideologies as a practice that can be deliberately incorporated into revitalization efforts. Given the urgency of the situation facing many languages, we argue that treating language ideologies as requiring planning is necessary and offer preliminary suggestions about what this planning could look like by analyzing examples around the language ideology assemblages of language teaching and learning.
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- 2022
11. Innovation and Achievement: The Work of Four Not-for-Profit School Groups
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Education Development Trust (United Kingdom), Rossignoli, Serena, and Riggall, Anna
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This report examines four not-for-profit school chains, run by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in low-income contexts. These are Fe y Alegría, the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (better known by its acronym BRAC), Gyan Shala and Zambia Open Community Schools. Three of these organisations offer education at no cost (Fe y Alegría, BRAC and Zambia Open Community Schools), while the other charges very low fees (Gyan Shala). All four examples are large-scale operations running multiple schools, sometimes in multiple countries. All reach large numbers of pupils. The aim of this report is to provide insight for policymakers and others preoccupied with fulfilling: (a) the continuing and still urgent need to achieve Education for All; and (b) the pressing quest for improved quality and learning opportunities for those in school. The evidence is clear: huge numbers of children and young people still do not have access to education. Increasingly, it is apparent that even when they are in school, many students are not learning and are not leaving with even the most fundamental skills of reading, writing and basic calculation. Certain groups remain particularly vulnerable -- those in rural and challenging geographical locations, girls, children with disabilities, and children from ethnic minority groups. Each of the four school groups focused on offers its own interesting story. Collectively they provide an important and optimistic perspective on the apparently intractable challenges of achieving universal access and enhancing quality in education in developing countries. This review summarises the contribution these school chains have made to education improvements and suggests some of the key reasons behind their achievements.
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- 2019
12. Citizenship Education in the Information Age and Educational Reform in Latin America
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Vasquez-Martinez, Claudio-Rafael, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Felipe, Flores, Francisco, Cardona-T., Jose-Gerardo, Mendez, María-Eugenia, Valdez-Jiménez, Liliana, Espino, Piero, Olaguez, Eugenia, Rendon, Hector, Chavoya, Jorge, Zúñiga, Luz-María, Fonseca-Ramirez, Oscar-Hernan, Alvarez, Maria-Ines, Torres-Mata, Joaquin, Betancourt-Nuñez, Erik-Moises, Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sergio-Esteban, Alvarez-Gomez, Miguel, Cabral-Araiza, Jesus, and Anguiano, Carlos
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The intention of the present paper is to show that people have a series of educational needs in the era of information, so that they can become competent digital citizens. These educational needs are evident in the policies promoted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, which were well known to Latin American governments of the decades from the 1960s to the 1990s. Therefore, it is to be hoped that the educational reforms of 1990s have elements based on the principles of education that they advanced, which emphasises the preparation of subjects in the digital era, based on advances in information and communication technology, focusing on the teaching and learning of computer science. [For the complete Volume 17 proceedings, see ED596826.]
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- 2019
13. Lifestyle Changes among Medical Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Study across Nine Countries
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Perez-Dominguez, Francisco, Polanco-Ilabaca, Francisca, Pinto-Toledo, Fernanda, Michaeli, Daniel, Achiardi, Jadi, Santana, Valeria, Urnelli, Chiara, Sawaguchi, Yoshihiro, Rodríguez, Perla, Maldonado, Mónica, Raffeeq, Zaheer, de Araujo Madeiros, Otavio, and Rebolledo, Cristián
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The global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disrupted both public and private life for many. Concerning medical students, practical teaching and classrooms were substituted with a virtual curriculum. However, how this new academic environment has affected students' health and lifestyles has yet to be studied. In this study, we surveyed 2,776 students from nine different countries about changes in their university curricula and potential alterations in their daily habits, physical health, and psychological status. We found negative changes across all countries studied, in multiple categories. We found that 99% of respondents indicated changes in their instruction delivery system, with 90% stating a transition to online education, and 93% stating a reduction or suspension of their practical activities. On average, students spent 8.7 hours a day in front of a screen, with significant differences among countries. Students reported worsened studying, sleeping, and eating habits with substantial differences in Latin American countries. Finally, the participants frequently expressed onset and increase in both mental and physical health symptoms: backache, asthenopia, irritability, and emotional instability. Altogether, these results suggest a potential risk in the health and academic performance of future doctors if these new academic modalities are maintained.
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- 2021
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14. Postsecondary Writing Studies in Hispanic Latin America: Intertextual Dynamics and Intellectual Influence
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Ávila-Reyes, Natalia
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As texts enact historically situated ways of making knowledge, intertextual analysis through citation patterns can shed some light on a community's epistemologies. The present research seeks a deeper understanding of the theoretical trends, the influences, and the emerging disciplinary configuration of the writing studies community in Latin America. Findings confirm the existence of an extremely diverse theoretical landscape, with a strong influence of English-speaking authors, followed by locals. A network analysis model for co-cited authors reveals two well-differentiated approaches. This kind of analysis constitutes a useful input to further the discussion about disciplinary epistemologies and ideologies of the field in the region.
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- 2017
15. Social Networks and the Building of Learning Communities: An Experimental Study of a Social MOOC
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de Lima, Mariana and Zorrilla, Marta
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This study aimed to analyze the student's behaviour in relation to their degree of commitment, participation, and contribution in a MOOC based on a social learning approach. Interaction data was collected on the learning platform and in social networks, both of which were used in the third edition of a social MOOC course. This data was then studied via statistical methods and analysis of social networks. This study assumes that social communities would arise around the course, would remain over time, and that participants would even contribute with new proposals. The findings indicated that social learning communities are built and continue only while the course is open and while the teachers are involved in fostering participation. Although this study is limited, the design criteria of the course, the pedagogical model on which this is supported, and the methods applied for this analysis provide other researchers and educators with clues for better understand the dynamic process of social learning in social MOOCs.
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- 2017
16. Entrepreneurship Education: State of the Art
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Sánchez García, José Carlos, Ward, Alexander, Hernández, Brizeida, and Florez, Jenny Lizette
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Job uncertainty and ambiguity is a reality in many current societies, therefore, the idea of self-employment has taken a more active role, not only out of necessity, but also because it brings innovation and development to societies. In view of this situation, the following question arises: how can we strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of our students? This article has the objective to collect theoretical information of the state of the art on entrepreneurship education: what it has been, what it is, and what can it be, in order to present the current condition of the topic, both in the psychological and pedagogical field. To achieve this objective, information from 108 research sources, mainly from scientific articles and books was collected, concluding that, although generally, entrepreneurship education has significantly contributed to the creation of businesses, developing countries, specifically, those in Latin America, still require extra effort to fully implement entrepreneurship topic in the curriculums, particularly because of challenges such as political instability, technology and international competition.
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- 2017
17. Analyzing Upper Secondary Education Dropout in Latin America through a Cohort Approach
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Kattan, Raja Bentaouet and Székely, Miguel
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This study examines recent trends and factors in school dropout at the upper secondary education level across Latin America. The methodology employs repeated cross sections of data to track the life cycle path of cohorts of individuals in 18 countries. A key finding is that while upper secondary enrollment rates increased in the region, dropout has remained persistently high, despite relatively favorable macroeconomic conditions. To explain dropout trends, the study examines the impact of three groups of factors: (i) shifts in the cohort size and socioeconomic composition of the population eligible for entering upper secondary; (b) the macroeconomic environment and labor market opportunities; and (c) the returns to schooling. We show that an important factor in persistently high dropout rates has been the higher numbers of students from poor socioeconomic backgrounds reaching upper secondary. In addition, high returns to education have been a pull factor into schooling, while, especially in countries where the majority of youth dropout prior to upper secondary, the data confirm an apparent substitution effect due to the opportunity cost of forgoing employment opportunities. The findings confirm the growing policy focus on upper secondary across Latin America and suggest implications for the policy agenda.
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- 2017
18. Catholic School Presence in Latin America: Walking Heterogenous Paths = Presencia Escolar Católica en América Latina: Transitando por Caminos Heterogéneos
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Cristóbal Madero, S. J.
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This study gives an account of the transformation of Catholic Schools in Latin America in the years after the Vatican Council (1970-2015). Mainly, it looks into changes in their enrolment, and more importantly, in how the Catholic primary and secondary educational subsystem has varied in its shared participation within the national education systems of which they are part. By using quantitative methods, this study presents evidence that is significant for understanding the trends followed by Catholic Schools in several Latin American countries, and Latin America as a region. When facing major criticism because of the sexual abuse crisis in the Catholic Church, this evidence may serve the purpose of valuing what this apostolate means and how it needs to change in the future.
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- 2021
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19. Parenting Strategies in the Context of South-South Migration
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Joiko, Sara
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Given the lack of studies regarding migrant parents' views towards the education system of their host countries in an era of global movement, this article focuses on the strategies deployed by Latin American migrant parents towards their children's schooling in the Chilean educational field. To understand these strategies in the context of south-south migration, the article is informed by Pierre Bourdieu's theory and a decolonial critical interculturality framework (DeCI). The article concludes that three processes can be distinguished from the point of view of migrant parents regarding their schooling experience, which link to issues around accessing, adjusting and transforming. Additionally, the notion of parents as a source of knowledge emerged strongly among migrant parents as a way of transmitting their cultural capital in the context of migration.
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- 2021
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20. Taking Research from Periphery to Core in a Caribbean Language Centre
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Carter, Beverly-Anne
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This paper draws on two research activities to discuss the role of research at the Centre for Language Learning (CLL) at The University of the West Indies St. Augustine Campus in Trinidad and Tobago. Established in 1997, the CLL introduced languages for all into this Caribbean higher education (HE) context. The CLL also introduced an expanded language curriculum beyond the historical focus on Romance languages and literatures. As the language centre evolved with more languages being taught and more language services offered, research, nonetheless, remained a marginal activity. Yet without a research agenda, the CLL risked being seen as a "service unit" - an outlier in a university seeking to confirm its place in the highly competitive global HE landscape. As the CLL sought to embrace more fully the research mandate of The UWI and of language centres internationally, CercleS publications and documents, for example, "Quality Assessment Criteria for Language Centres" were of great utility. The latter document's focus on research as a quality indicator was consistent with The UWI's focus on quality assurance and research. Taking research from periphery to core is thus intrinsic to moving the CLL into closer alignment with both institutional and international norms.
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- 2020
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21. Sensorimotor Distractions When Learning with Mobile Phones On-the-Move
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Castellano, Soledad and Arnedillo-Sánchez, Inmaculada
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This paper presents a discussion on potential conflicts originated by sensorimotor distractions when learning with mobile phones on-the-move. While research in mobile learning points to the possibility of everywhere, all the time learning; research in the area suggests that tasks performed while on-the-move predominantly require low cognitive processing. This work uses Bloom's taxonomy to identify low and high order thinking activities associated to the functionalities of a mobile phone. It also provides preliminary results from a survey identifying correlations between high and low cognitive processing tasks and locations involving users' sensorimotor engagement. [For the full proceedings, see ED571335.]
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- 2016
22. Enabling School Structures, Trust, and Collective Efficacy in Private International Schools
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Gray, Julie A. and Summers, Robert
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This article explores the role of enabling school structures, collegial trust, and collective efficacy in 15 pre-Kindergarten to 12th grade international, private schools in South and Central America and Mexico. While most of these schools shared an "American" curriculum the local culture and school norms affected the climate of the school and the likelihood of the development of a professional learning community (PLC) in each school and country accordingly. As enabling school structures, trust in the principal, collegial trust, and collective efficacy were more established, the PLC was more likely to be developed based upon teacher perceptions in this quantitative study.
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- 2016
23. Forgotten Hispano-American Literature: Representation of Hispano-American Presses in Academic Libraries
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Oliva, Kathia Salomé Ibacache, Munoz-Diaz, Javier, Berry, Caitlin M., and Vance, Eric A.
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As inclusion becomes a growing standard for universities in the United States, data extracted from OCLC suggest that university libraries in the United States build their Spanish-language collections with books purchased primarily in Spain and Mexico. This overlooks presses from 19 other Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. This research is concerned with the representation of books published in these Hispano-American countries and examines the holdings of 88 university libraries. The article discusses the drawbacks in neglecting purchase of literature published in Hispano-American countries and the benefits of changing collection practices into a more inclusive design, including recommendations for best practices.
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- 2020
24. Investigating Land Ethics
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Boerner-Mercier, Jaron and Gray, Ron
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Land ethics are the ways that humanity justifies their usage of the land. Today this topic is more important than ever as we balance our needs, such as food, water, and energy, with the systems of the natural world. The activity described in this article introduces students to the concept of land ethics using historical case studies of five common categories of ethics. The activity ends with a symposium examining a real-life example: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) in southern Utah, and the potential future use of this land. Engaging students in argumentation about this example allows them to see multiple sides of this complex issue.
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- 2020
25. Insights into Accounting Education in a COVID-19 World
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Sangster, Alan, Stoner, Greg, and Flood, Barbara
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This paper presents a compilation of personal reflections from 66 contributors on the impact of, and responses to, COVID-19 in accounting education in 45 different countries around the world. It reveals a commonality of issues, and a variability in responses, many positive outcomes, including the creation of opportunities to realign learning and teaching strategies away from the comfort of traditional formats, but many more that are negative, primarily relating to the impact on faculty and student health and well-being, and the accompanying stress. It identifies issues that need to be addressed in the recovery and redesign stages of the management of this crisis, and it sets a new research agenda for studies in accounting education.
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- 2020
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26. Scientific Journals of Universities of Chile, Colombia, and Venezuela: Actors and Roles
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Delgado, Jorge Enrique
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A qualitative study was carried out to identify the roles of actors associated with the publication of scientific journals in Chilean, Colombian, and Venezuelan universities. Twenty-four semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with journal editors, university authorities, and other experts. The categories of analysis included university leaders (journal directors/coordinators), institutional actors (university presses and libraries), and journal editors. Changes emphasizing open access journals and salary incentives to increase productivity among university professors are creating new roles for those involved in the publication of journals. University journal directors and coordinators are being challenged to provide support and to seek inclusion in national and international indexes. Although university presses have not played an important role in this process, libraries have gained new responsibilities associated with data processing and the creation of repositories. Challenges exist for individual editors to obtain supporting personnel, as journal publication work grows and demands more.
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- 2014
27. Historical Links between Latin American Psychology and Pedagogy in Experimentation
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Arias, Walter L.
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This work sets out historical information about the development of Latin American psychology over the base of education. It reviews the contribution from education to Latin American psychology, and especially, the creation of experimental psychology laboratories in schools and educational and psychopedagogical institutions, where experimental pedagogy laboratories operate, which were a relevant antecedent for psychology's institutionalization through the creation of Programs and Professional Schools.
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- 2014
28. Globalizing Technology Education for Teachers: The Dual Challenge of Strengthening Skills and Changing Perceptions
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Li, Lan, Murnen, Timothy, Zhou, Yuchun, Wu, Min Lun, and Xiong, Yan
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Despite the growing number of international professional development programs, there is very little published research regarding the structures and effectiveness of these programs. This paper shares the design and development of the technology component of an international professional development (PD) program designed for secondary English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Using a one-group, pre- and post-program design, the study examined how the technology component influenced participating teachers' technology knowledge and skills, and their attitudes and beliefs toward technology integration. The analysis of survey quantitative data indicated that participants' knowledge of, and skills using, various technologies were significantly increased by completing the program, whereas their attitudes and beliefs toward technology remained unchanged. Qualitative interview results revealed the types of barriers to technology integration. Implications and significance of the study were discussed.
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- 2019
29. Professor-Librarian Team-Teaching: Online Lifelong Training in the University
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García López, Fátima, Martínez Cardama, Sara, and Pacios, Ana R.
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The article describes a case study of lifelong e-training for postgraduates delivered jointly by the Carlos III University of Madrid and Spain's National Library from 2011 to 2017. It addresses course and participant characteristics as well as the results of an assessment aimed to determine both student satisfaction and effective skill transfer to the work environment. This unique professional training initiative may serve as a model in an area where librarians and professors are seldom seen to collaborate in online training on an equal footing.
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- 2019
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30. Using Multilingual Analytics to Explore the Usage of a Learning Portal in Developing Countries
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Protonotarios, Vassilis, Stoitsis, Giannis, Kastrantas, Kostas, and Sanchez-Alonso, Salvador
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Learning analytics is a domain that has been constantly evolving throughout recent years due to the acknowledgement of its importance by those using intelligent data, learner-produced data, and analysis models to discover information and social connections for predicting and advising people's learning [1]. Learning analytics may be applied in a variety of different cases, but their role in understanding the multilingual requirements of users of learning portals is of an outstanding significance. As the adaptation of existing portals in multilingual environments is a cost- and time-consuming aspect of the development of a portal, the outcomes of learning analytics may provide the requirements on which further multilingual services of a portal will be built, ensuring their efficiency. This paper aims to identify and interpret the behavior of users from developing countries in a multilingual learning portal using the log files of the portal by applying the methodology defined in a previous work by Stoitsis et al. [2] The paper also aims to identify the aspects that should be studied by future related works by focusing on specific regions and countries that exhibit special interest for further adaptation of the portal to additional multilingual environments.
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- 2013
31. International Student Mobility: Trends in First-Time Graduate Enrollment
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Figueroa, Carmen I., Morales, Betsy, and Sharma, Anand D.
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The academic programs at the graduate level are increasingly interested about the enrollment management challenges in terms of international student mobility. Understanding fundamental enrollment concepts to attract international students provides the essential key to consider the competitive environment concerning university resources, academic program potential, complex cultural dynamics, and workplaces among others. Based on a six-year quantitative and descriptive statistical study, this paper addresses the trends of first-time graduate enrollment and patterns of international student mobility by faculty at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. Results revealed the sustained trend of graduate enrollment of international students mainly from South America, Central America, and the Caribbean among others. Moreover, the presence of international graduate students adds a dimension of diversity to UPRM between teaching and research undertakings that enhance the Colleges of Engineering, Arts and Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, and Business Administration. The international student mobility has a consistent tendency mainly in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and Agricultural Sciences. This consistency resembles the quality and reputation recognized by educational institutions and organizational world rankings. In-depth, understanding the trends related to international graduate enrollment and mobility should be considered by institutional leaders and administrators at UPRM to make knowledgeable decisions and to effectively set priorities to recruit highly qualified international students.
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- 2012
32. Returns to Higher Education in the Very Long-Run: 1870-2010
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Hailemariam, Abebe
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This article examines the long-run effect of higher education, measured in average years of tertiary schooling, on the level and growth rate of national per capita income. It uses an improved dataset on educational attainments which not only reduces measurement error but also overcomes data comparability issues and allows us to estimate the long-run effect of human capital through higher education on economic development. Using unique long panel data for 36 advanced and emerging economies spanning over the period 1870-2010, we find that higher education has a positive and significant effect on the level and the growth rate of national per capita income. Specifically, our empirical results indicate that a 1% increase in educational attainment at higher education level would raise the growth rate of per capita income by about 0.01% to 0.02% over a five-year period. That is, at the sample mean, an increase in average tertiary education by one year would raise output growth by about 6% to 11% in five years. We find that the returns to female education are lower than the returns to male education at tertiary schooling levels. Our results are robust to alternative specifications.
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- 2018
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33. Early Childhood Matters: The Bulletin of the Bernard van Leer Foundation, 2001.
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Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands). and Smale, Jim
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This document consists of the three 2001 issues of The Bernard van Leer Foundation's "Early Childhood Matters," a periodical addressed to practitioners in the field of early childhood education and including information on projects funded by the foundation. Articles in the February 2001 edition focus on fathers and include: (1) "Fathers Matter Too" (Jim Smale); (2) "The Changing Roles of Fathers" (Wim Monasso); (3) "Involving Fathers in Community-based Early Childhood Programs: A Report from Israel and the Palestinian Autonomous Region" (Farid Abu Gosh); and (4) "Men in Families: Exploring the Impact of Men and Reproductive Health and Choices in Mexico." The June 2001 issue focuses on children's rights and the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child. The articles include: (1)"Rights from the Start: ECD and the Convention on the Rights of the Child" (Feny de los Angeles-Bautista); (2) "Moving Promises to Action: A Critique of the CRC from an ECD Perspective" (Robert G. Myers); (3) "Early Childhood Development Programmes and Children's Rights" (Caroline Arnold); and (5) "We Are Also Human Beings: A Guide to Children's Rights in Zimbabwe." Articles in the October 2001 issue deal with the Effectiveness Initiative, a study of how programs respond to and overcome obstacles, including: (1) "The Effectiveness Initiative in Mozambique" (Laura Pujol); (2) "Honduras: The Madres Guias of La Huerta" (Liliana Godoy R); and (3) "Kenya: From Objective Outsider to Objective Insider--An Experiential Case of Give and Take" (Peter Mwaura). Each issue includes information on foundation publications and announcements related to foundation activities. (KB)
- Published
- 2001
34. The Information Right and the Information Policies in Latin America.
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Morales, Estela
- Abstract
This paper begins with a discussion of society and information, as well as the right to information. A 1996 UNESCO (United National Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) document entitled "UNESCO and an Information Society for All" is highlighted. Information and informatics policies are then considered. Efforts related to information policies in Mexico are summarized in the following areas: the right to information; the General Library Act; the Copyright Federal Act, the Book Act; and the Program for Informatic Development. Information policy experiences in other Latin American countries, including Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Peru, and Venezuela, are also described. (Contains 11 endnotes.) (MES)
- Published
- 1999
35. English Language Teaching in South America: Policy, Preparation and Practices
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Kamhi-Stein, Lía D., Maggioli, Gabriel Díaz, de Oliveira, Luciana C., Kamhi-Stein, Lía D., Maggioli, Gabriel Díaz, and de Oliveira, Luciana C.
- Abstract
This book investigates new English language policies and initiatives which have been introduced and implemented across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay and Venezuela. Chapters are organized around three themes. Chapters in the first section critically examine newly-implemented English language policies, as well as factors that contribute to and prevent the implementation of such policies. Chapters in the second section describe and analyze current teacher preparation and teacher development initiatives, in addition to the challenges and opportunities associated with such initiatives. Finally, the third section features school- and classroom-based research designed to investigate the status of English language teaching and the implementation of innovative programs. All authors have a first-hand understanding of the South American context and draw on references and resources which originate beyond Inner Circle countries. The book showcases examples of innovation and success in a variety of complex contexts and will serve as a starting point for researchers, as well as being of interest to students, policymakers and stakeholders. Contents of this book include: Introduction (Lía D. Kamhi-Stein, Gabriel Díaz Maggioli and Luciana C. de Oliveira). Part 1: English Language Policy: English Language Teaching Expansion in South America: Challenges and Opportunities (Cristina Banfi); (2) Ideologies and Discourses in the Standards for Language Teachers in South America: A Corpus-Based Analysis (Gabriel Díaz Maggioli); (3) Language Policy and Language Practice in Uruguay: A Case of Innovation in English Language Teaching in Primary Schools (Claudia A. Brovetto); and (4) Language Teaching in the Brazilian Changing Scenario of Language Education Policies (Adriana Maria Tenuta, Miriam Jorge and Ricardo Augusto de Souza). Part 2: English Language Teacher Preparation and Professional Development: (5) Teacher Educational Reform: The Case in Ecuador (Natalie Kuhlman and Elisabeth Serrano); (6) What Happens with English in Chile? Challenges in Teacher Preparation (Mary Jane Abrahams and Pablo Silva Ríos); and (7) Integrating Technology in Argentine Classrooms: The Case of a Buenos Aires Teacher Education School (Patricia Veciño). Part 3: School-Based Research and Innovative Practices: (8) Examining Teacher Perspectives on Language Policy in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina (Rebecca Pozzi); (9) Film as a Consciousness-Raising Tool in ELT (Carmen T. Chacón); (10) Students' Beliefs about Learning English as a Foreign Language at Secondary Schools in Argentina (M. Inés Valsecchi, M. Celina Barbeito and M. Matilde Olivero); (11) Toward a Multimodal Critical Approach to the Teaching of EFL in Brazil (Danielle Almeida and Veralúcia Guimarães de Souza); and (12) Seeking Information to Promote Effective Curriculum Renewal in a Colombian School (Mónica Rodríguez-Bonces). An Epilogue, Topical Index, and Author Index is included.
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- 2017
36. Gerontological Training Programs Offered by Latin American Universities: Number, Characteristics, and Disciplinary Contents
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Villar, Feliciano, Giuliani, María Florencia, Serrat, Rodrigo, Curcio, Carmen-Lucía, Lopes, Alexandra, Maldonado, María de la Luz Martínez, and Oliveira, Rita da Cássia
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One of the challenges of population aging is to ensure that there are enough trained professionals to meet the changing, specific needs of aging populations. The aim of this study was to describe the number, geographical distribution, and general characteristics of gerontological training programs offered by Latin American universities and to analyze their disciplinary content and the degree of similarity among programs. One hundred undergraduate and postgraduate programs with gerontological content were found to be offered by Latin American universities. Information on the institutional affiliation, academic level, management, length, and content of the programs was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were run and content analysis was performed on the programs' syllabuses to address the objectives of the study. Results show that despite being a relatively young region of the world, the majority of Latin American universities offer gerontological programs. However, the nature of this course offering seems to be quite diverse across countries. Moreover, the analysis of the programs' disciplinary content indicates that the program providers take a multidisciplinary approach to gerontology. The great diversity of programs and their multidisciplinary contents suggest a low degree of standardization of gerontological training in Latin America.
- Published
- 2017
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37. Identifying the Macro-Level Drivers of Adolescent Fertility Rate in Latin America: The Role of School-Based Sexuality Education
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Avellaneda, Claudia N. and Dávalos, Eleonora
- Abstract
This study seeks to explain macrolevel drivers of adolescent fertility rate using a panel data set derived from 17 Latin American countries over a period of 16 years (1997-2012). While many studies of adolescent fertility have focused on individual-level explanations, this study explores whether adolescent fertility rate is correlated to country-level determinants, specifically legislation adoption that guarantees access to school-based sexuality education, emergency contraception, and abortion. After controlling for other country-level factors, we find that countries that have adopted legislation on school-based sexuality education and those with legal access to abortion (under one or more restrictions) have lower adolescent fertility rates.
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- 2017
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38. Not Just a Latino Issue: Undocumented Students in Higher Education
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Chan, Beleza
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Picture an undocumented student, and for most college counselors, it will be the image of a Latino student. However, the reality is that students from many other ethnic groups lack documentation as well. These students hail from everywhere. According to DreamActivist.org, an online resource network for undocumented students, they come from places such as Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, England, Fiji, France, Ghana, Guatemala, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Mexico, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Senegal, South Korea, Taiwan, Tonga, and Venezuela. According to one of DreamActivist's founders, Prerna, the network has "black dreamies, brown dreamies, yellow dreamies, white dreamies--a rainbow full of dreamies." "Dreamies" refers to students who would benefit from the DREAM Act, a piece of legislation that would provide a path to citizenship for undocumented students who were brought to the US as minors. In this article, the author presents stories of five undocumented students and emphasizes the significant role of counselors in reaching out to this population by making information readily available and maintaining an environment of open dialogue, where no students feel judged.
- Published
- 2010
39. Towards an Approach for an Accessible and Inclusive Virtual Education Using ESVI-AL Project Results
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Amado-Salvatierra, Hector R. and Hilera, Jose R.
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Purpose: This paper aims to present an approach to achieve accessible and inclusive Virtual Education for all, but especially intended for students with disabilities. This work proposes main steps to take into consideration for stakeholders involved in the educational process related to an inclusive e-Learning. Design/methodology/approach: The paper pays particular regard to accessibility in Virtual Education. This work is based on the activities prepared from years 2012 to 2015 within the initiative called ESVI-AL. This initiative was carried out in conjunction with Latin American and European Universities; for this paper, experiences and best practices from the initiative were used to prepare the proposed approach. Findings: The aim of ESVI-AL initiative was to offer products that can help in the development of an accessible and inclusive e-Learning education. Among the main results were reports, case studies, practical guidelines, training courses and software to install virtual campuses with accessibility features. Social implications: Nowadays, few countries have laws promoting and enforcing accessibility for e-Education and e-Society. This work aims to sensitize educators from different countries and raise awareness on the importance of working together toward an inclusive society based on accessible e-Learning. Originality/value: Based on a literature review and ESVI-AL initiative results, a descriptive overview was prepared as a starting point for the four identified main actors of an educational project, namely, educators, technical staff, quality auditors and students, with special emphasis on students with disabilities.
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- 2015
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40. A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Patterns of Learning and Academic Performance of Spanish and Latin-American Undergraduates
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Martínez-Fernández, J. Reinaldo and Vermunt, Jan D.
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The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the learning patterns of higher education students from Spain and three Latin-American countries (Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela). For this purpose Vermunt's Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS) was translated into Spanish and tested. The participants were 456 undergraduates enrolled in a teacher education programme who completed the ILS and a set of questions about their academic performance, personal background and university experience. The data were analysed using reliability and factor analyses, analysis of variance and structural equation modelling. The results showed significant differences in mean ILS scores and factor structures between students from different countries. Academic performance was explained to a significant degree by some ILS scales about learning patterns. The results were interpreted within a cross-cultural framework, focusing on differences reported up to date between Latin-American and Spanish students versus Western and Asian students.
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- 2015
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41. Governing by Testing: Circulation, Psychometric Knowledge, Experts and the 'Alliance for Progress' in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s
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Alarcón, Cristina
- Abstract
This paper analyzes the activities, members, and effects of an inter-American expert network for the diffusion of psychometric knowledge, specifically of standardized aptitude testing for university admission in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s. Within the framework of educational transfer studies, the role of international, nongovernmental, and philanthropic organizations is examined. It is argued that circulation of psychometric knowledge and technologies led to a new governing regime for learning and learners. The paper discusses the effect of convergence and Americanization, in the context of US-promoted "Alliance for Progress," but also of divergence and resistance.
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- 2015
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42. Clitic-Doubled Left Dislocation and Focus Fronting in L2 Spanish: A Case of Successful Acquisition at the Syntax-Discourse Interface
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Slabakova, Roumyana, Kempchinsky, Paula, and Rothman, Jason
- Abstract
This experimental study tests the Interface Hypothesis by looking into processes at the syntax-discourse interface, teasing apart acquisition of syntactic, semantic and discourse knowledge. Adopting Lopez's (2009) pragmatic features [[plus or minus]a(naphor)] and [[plus or minus]c(ontrast)], which in combination account for the constructions of dislocation and fronting, we tested clitic left dislocation and fronted focus in the comprehension of English native speakers learning Spanish. Furthermore, we tested knowledge of an additional semantic property: the relationship between the discourse anaphor and the antecedent in clitic left dislocation (CLLD). This relationship is free: it can be subset, superset, part/whole. Syntactic knowledge of clitics was a condition for inclusion in the main test. Our findings indicate that all learners are sensitive to the semantic constraints. While the near-native speakers display native-like discourse knowledge, the advanced speakers demonstrated some discourse knowledge, and intermediate learners did not display any discourse knowledge. The findings support as well as challenge the Interface Hypothesis. (Contains 13 notes, 4 figures and 8 tables.)
- Published
- 2012
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43. Indigeneity and Homeland: Land, History, Ceremony, and Language
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Lerma, Michael
- Abstract
What is the relationship between Indigenous peoples and violent reactions to contemporary states? This research explores differing, culturally informed notions of attachment to land or place territory. Mechanistic ties and organic ties to land are linked to a key distinction between Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous peoples. Utilizing the Minorities at Risk (MAR) data set, a subset relationship is explored addressing propensity for Indigenous peoples to rebel against state encroachment of their lands. The results of this research must be considered with the serious limitations of MAR in mind. Within the marginalized groups in the Americas, 28 have an attachment to a place territory. Of these 28 groups, 22 are Indigenous and of the 22 groups, 13 have exhibited some form of rebellious behavior between 1945 and 2003. The power of attachment to place territory, specifically the organic attachment most often displayed by Indigenous peoples of the Americas, is a strong tie surviving 500 years of European encroachment. The findings are indicative of an attachment that Indigenous peoples retain to their specific homelands. The findings suggest a plethora of future research questions. (Contains 8 tables, 3 figures, and 41 notes.)
- Published
- 2012
44. Representacion E Identidad: Content Analysis of Latina Biographies for Primary and Preadolescent Children Published 1955-2010
- Author
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Lara, Margaret A.
- Abstract
This study discusses the results of a content analysis of 75 Latina biographies for primary and pre-adolescent students that were published over a 16-year period, spanning from 1995 to 2010. Significant to this study was how Latinas were represented in the biographies and what changes can be seen over time. Using a rubric based on research by Rocha & Dowd (1993), Ramirez & Dowd (1997), and Naidoo (2006), the corpus was analyzed for" demographics," "analysis of character traits," "narrative analysis," "analysis of media," and "language." There were 33 different Latinas represented in the 75 biographies analyzed from the 16-year period. Moreover, the group of Latinas represents only eight countries (Chile, Columbia, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Venezuela) with the majority of the women coming from Mexico and Cuba. In addition to these findings regarding country of origin, the frequencies of the major occupational roles of the Latinas is documented, as well as an analysis of character traits that are used to describe the women. Employing the terms of "la facultad" (knowing through experience and intuition), "sobrevivir" (to survive and beyond), "convivir" (to learn together in community), and "narrar" (narrative storytelling) from Delgado Bernal, Elenes, Godinez and Villenas (2006), the researcher was able to uncover patterns of the knowledge and strength that these women draw from. Analysis of media included examining the photographs of the Latinas featured in the biographies for young children. The study also examined the language (bilingual/code-switching) used in the Latina biographies and examples of the need for diversity in the publications. In addition to providing a reliable evaluative tool for selecting biographies about Latinas, the analysis indicated that fair representation of Latinas in the images is not always "fair" and that the featured characters should be shown in a more appropriate manner for young children. This study found that the current number of available biographies about Latinas was relatively small; content analysis showed that the occupational roles represented did not reflect the contributions of past or current strides made by Latinas within various educational, professional and political fields. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2012
45. Bringing the Bicentennials into the Language and Culture Classroom
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Hennes, Heather
- Abstract
In the past two years, several Latin American nations have begun celebrating their bicentennials of independence, turning attention to questions of national identity and the legacy of independence in the twenty-first century. This reflection is sure to continue into the coming decade. This article offers a few practical suggestions for bringing these themes into the Spanish language and Latin American culture classroom in a way that follows the "National Standards for Foreign Language Education" put forth by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. The author identifies several texts, including government-sponsored websites and online news sources, films, literary pieces, and secondary source material that can help foster discussion about independence, national heroes, the bicentennial celebrations, and their significance. The scope of these texts is limited to Mexico and the former Gran Colombia, and the materials discussed are readily available in the United States. Bibliographical references provide suggestions for further reading. (Contains 11 notes.)
- Published
- 2011
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46. Journal Publication in Chile, Colombia, and Venezuela: University Responses to Global, Regional, and National Pressures and Trends
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Delgado, Jorge Enrique
- Abstract
Background. This project was motivated by the impressive growth that scholarly/scientific journals in Latin America have shown in recent decades. That advance is attributed to global, regional, and national pressures and trends, as well as a response to obstacles that scholars/researchers from the region face to be published in prestigious journals and journals to be included in mainstream indexes. This had not been studied at the institutional level, that is, the universities where most of the journals are published. Purpose. Analyze policies, arrangements, and actions that Chilean, Colombian, and Venezuelan universities have implemented to support the publication of journals in response to global, regional, and national trends and pressures. Methods. This qualitative study analyzed 24 interviews conducted with journal editors, university authorities, and national experts from 12 universities in Chile, Colombia, and Venezuela. The model of allomorphism developed by Massimiliano Vaira (2004) was used to analyze the findings. Findings and conclusions. (1) All universities in the study have developed policies and arrangements to support the publication of journals, including funding, training, and open access electronic publication. (2) Editors' workload has increased and their job is considered very important; however, it is not recognized in salary systems. (3) Institutional actors participating in the publication of journals are emerging: university journal coordinators, libraries, ICT units, and to a less extent, press units. (4) National factors influencing the publication of journals include political context, university accreditation, journal evaluation systems, ranking and/or funding systems, and university salary systems. (5) Regional directories, repositories, and indexes published in local languages have influenced the growth of journals (Latindex, RedALyC, SciELO, CLACSO, etc.). (6) International organizations, in particular the IADB, have given loans to the countries to develop science and technology. (7) Even though regional initiatives have gained relevance, Thomson Reuters' indexes are still considered reference standards. However, new international actors/initiatives such as Scopus by Elsevier, the Open Journal System by the Public Knowledge Project, and other repositories and directories are becoming alternatives. 8) The imposition of publication models based on natural sciences, pressures to increase exogamy of publications, and languages barriers are still sources of tension. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2011
47. The Ideological Production of Learner Identities in the World outside/inside the Classroom: Language Learning, Consumption, and National Belonging
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Ullman, Char
- Abstract
Adult education ESOL teachers usually know a lot about learners' lives inside the classroom, but they are less aware of learners' lives outside that space. This article focuses on learner talk about "Ingles Sin Barreras," a heavily advertised English-language program for Spanish-speakers who want to learn English. I analyzed learner talk along with documents describing a class-action lawsuit brought against Lexicon Marketing, the company that produces "Ingles Sin Barreras," and sample text from the product itself. I argue that "Ingles Sin Barreras" constitutes a site of struggle over learner identity and national belonging. I suggest that discussing "Ingles Sin Barreras" in classrooms can lead to generative conversations that will aid learners in their language study, regardless of whether they consume the product or not.
- Published
- 2010
48. Legal Ages for Purchase and Consumption of Alcohol and Heavy Drinking among College Students in Canada, Europe, and the United States
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Keller, Adrienne, Frye, Laurie, Bauerle, Jennifer, and Turner, James C.
- Abstract
Heavy drinking and associated negative consequences remain a serious problem among college students. In a secondary analysis of data from two published study, the authors examine the correlation between minimum legal age to purchase and/or consume alcohol and rates of heavy drinking among college students in 22 countries. The published studies use identical definitions of heavy drinking and similar methodologies. In the study of 20 European countries and the United States, there is a positive correlation between prevalence of heavy drinking and both minimum legal purchase age (r =0.34) and minimum legal drinking age (r =0.19); in the study of Canada and the United States, there is a perfect positive correlation (r = 1.0). Examination of this evidence does not support the conclusion that a lower minimum legal age for purchase and/or consumption of alcoholic beverages is a protective factor for decreasing heavy drinking among college students. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)
- Published
- 2009
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49. How Effective Are Private Schools in Latin America?
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Somers, Marie-Andree, McEwan, Patrick J., and Willms, J. Douglas
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In 1997, the Santiago office of UNESCO implemented an assessment of student achievement in Latin America, working in collaboration with 13 Latin American ministries of education. Using a common sampling methodology and survey instruments, researchers in each country collected representative samples of data on third- and fourth-grade achievement in language and mathematics, as well as background surveys from students, parents, teachers, and principals. This article uses these data and multilevel modeling to assess the relative effectiveness of private and public schools in 10 of these countries. In particular, the article argues that many prior studies have misrepresented the private school effect by failing to control for the characteristics of student peer groups. In these studies, the achievement gap between the two sectors may partly or entirely reflect the effects of better peer group characteristics, as opposed to any substantive impact of private school practices or efficiency on the outcomes of their students. The results suggest that conditioning on a complete set of student, family, and peer characteristics explains a large portion of the observed difference in achievement between public and private schools. Across the 10 countries considered in this article, the mean private school effect is approximately zero, ranging between -0.2 and 0.2 standard deviations. The relative consistency of the findings is striking, given the diversity in the size and institutional features of the private sector across countries.
- Published
- 2004
50. Teaching Children of the Poor: An Ethnographic Study in Latin America.
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International Development Research Centre, Ottawa (Ontario)., Avalos, Beatrice, Avalos, Beatrice, and International Development Research Centre, Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
This book is about teachers, teaching, and learners in poor environments in four Latin American countries: Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Venezuela. Using ethnographic research methods, the study observed rural and urban schools at different periods during the school year. What emerged from the investigation is a vivid picture of teaching styles, teacher-pupil interactions, and the effects of teacher atttitudes upon pupils' self-concept and attainment. For each country, a selection was made from materials gathered by the researchers that attempted to highlight different aspects of the teaching, learning, and socialization processes observed: the mode of classroom teaching in Columbia, the differences between types of schools in Venezuela, the way in which failure can be constructed for first year pupils in Chile, and how a teacher considered "different" is successful in the education of Bolivian children. (JAM)
- Published
- 1986
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