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A documentary review of studies related to business strategies for a vulnerable population is presented with the objective of identifying which business strategies could be implemented in such a sector. This is located in the train station Siatame and El Durazno in the municipality of Sogamoso, in Colombia. The work was developed through a qualitative methodology implementing a documentary analysis. The information was collected and subdivided into topics such as studies on vulnerable population, business strategies, and associativity. The review highlights the most representative studies in the different contexts and that were taken as a methodological guide. It is concluded that entrepreneurial strategies focused on associativity, mainly on entrepreneurship ideas, must be implemented to improve the socioeconomic quality of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To assess the prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency in indigenous pregnant women coming from five non-metropolitan areas in Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional cohort study that included pregnant women of any gestational age with no pregnancy-related conditions, seen in community health centers or in their homes. Patients with comorbidities at the time of pregnancy and those who were receiving iodine supplementation were excluded. Simple random sampling was used. The sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, urinary iodine concentration and the presence of goiter were measured in accordance with the World Health Organization methodology. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Of 189 indigenous pregnant women who were candidates to enter the study, 2 declined participation, and 62 had exclusion criteria, and 125 were included in the final analysis. The mean urinary iodine concentration was 184.4 μg/L (minmax: 12.0-390.0). A total of 42 women (33.6%) had iodine deficiency (< 100 μg/L), and goiter (grade 1-2) was found in 43 (34.4%). No grade 3 or 4 goiter was identified. Conclusions: A high prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency was found in indigenous pregnant women living in non-metropolitan areas. There is a need to assess maternal and perinatal effects and to implement nutritional interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a decrease in thyroid hormone function in newborns, being one of the leading causes of neurological deficits and long-term metabolic complications. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characteristics of CH cases in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2015 and 2021, as notified through the mandatory report to the Public Health Surveillance System (PHSS)., Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All live births (LB) with a weight ≥500 g, diagnosed with CH with or without goiter (ICD-10 codes E030 and E031, respectively) in Bogotá during 2015-2021 were analyzed., Results: For a total of 201 cases, the prevalence rate was 3.29 cases per 10,000 LB. 92.54 % were classified as isolated cases of CH, 4.48 % syndromic, and 2.98 % polymalformated. A total of 16.92 % was small for gestational age. The mean gestational age was 37.38 weeks (SD 2.76), 26.87 % were preterm births. Among the mothers, 8.96 % suffered from pregnancy-related or chronic diseases, the most common being hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and pre-existant hypothyroidism (without clarity concerning etiology). A total of 66.67 % of cases did not receive treatment after diagnosis. Treatment was established by an average age of 27 days after birth (SD 36.02) and 17 days after case notification to the PHSS (SD 36.13)., Conclusions: Observed prevalence is similar to the rate reported by health authorities in Colombia but inferior to reports from high-income countries, highlighting the importance of improvements in the Colombian LB's screening program. Time to diagnosis and treatment was observed to be prolonged, suggesting that new pathways are required for timely CH treatment., (© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)

Objective: To assess the prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency in indigenous pregnant women coming from five non-metropolitan areas in Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional cohort study that included pregnant women of any gestational age with no pregnancy-related conditions, seen in community health centers or in their homes. Patients with comorbidities at the time of pregnancy and those who were receiving iodine supplementation were excluded. Simple random sampling was used. The sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, urinary iodine concentration and the presence of goiter were measured in accordance with the World Health Organization methodology. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Of 189 indigenous pregnant women who were candidates to enter the study, 2 declined participation, and 62 had exclusion criteria, and 125 were included in the final analysis. The mean urinary iodine concentration was 184.4 μg/L (min-max: 12.0-390.0). A total of 42 women (33.6%) had iodine deficiency (< 100 μg/L), and goiter (grade 1-2) was found in 43 (34.4%). No grade 3 or 4 goiter was identified. Conclusions: A high prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency was found in indigenous pregnant women living in non-metropolitan areas. There is a need to assess maternal and perinatal effects and to implement nutritional interventions.