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The present article discusses the development of agricultural policies between the 1970s and the two periods of government of President Álvaro Uribe-Vélez. The agricultural policies are analyzed in their wider framework of relevant, general aspects of the economy in Colombia. It is argued that the challenges of agricultural policies are constant and repetitive since the beginning of the analyzed period: debate about production structure - large scale production versus small farming, production for industrial use and food production; levels of protection of national market versus integration into the international market; competitiveness versus lack of technological development and general infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]