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MóviLab (Moving Lab) was an educational strategy developed at Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, to promote chemistry and science among schoolchildren and teenagers from far rural areas of the Santurbán moor in Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategy consisted of designing a kit with chemistry experiments that could be done at home by the students. The kit was accompanied by a lab book and an easy-to-read manual where the basic principles and instructions for doing the experiments were described. Students were organized in hotbeds from each one of the participant schools to develop the activities in the educational kit and share their experiences and results with a scientific tutor and with their peers during periodical virtual meetings. Owing to this dynamic, students developed a feel for chemistry and scientific experimentation while improving their writing and oral communication skills.

Media and information literacy is the process of empowering people to seek, evaluate, use and create information effectively in order to achieve their personal, social, occupational and educational goals. This paper presents the dimensions and categories of an instrument (the MIL questionnaire) developed within the University of the Basque Country's UNESCO Chair in Communication and Educational Values, which aims to analyse media and information literacy levels amongst adolescents. The instrument is based on four dimensions that encompass basic aspects of the field of educommunication. These dimensions are: (1) Media access and use; (2) Media language and critical comprehension; (3) Production and programming processes; and (4) Transforming one's situation through communication. The aim of this piece of research was to test the reliability and validity of this instrument in a pilot study conducted with 167 adolescents aged between 13 and 15, from schools in Colombia, Ecuador and Spain. With the exception of the first dimension, the results indicate that the questionnaire has an acceptable reliability level and is an adequate instrument for evaluating media and information literacy among adolescents.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eucynorta quadripustulata (Simon, 1879), the type species of the third most diverse genus in Cosmetidae, Eucynorta Roewer, 1912, was described for 'Colombia' and after more than a century, a more specific locality was not known. Based on the examination of abundant material from several collections, including the type material, we were able to better establish its geographic distribution in the Caribbean littoral of Colombia. A redescription of the species, emended diagnosis and comments about the status of the genus are offered. Finally, based on the morphology of the type species, we assigned the genus, originally in Cosmetinae Koch, 1839, to the subfamily Cynortinae Mello-Leitão, 1933. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geomorphology of a basin makes it possible for us to understand its hydrological pattern. Accordingly, satellite-based remote sensing and geo-information technologies have proven to be effective tools in the morphology analysis at the basin level. Consequently, this present study carried out a morphological analysis of the Sinú river basin, analyzing its geometric characteristics, drainage networks, and relief to develop integrated water resource management. The analyzed zone comprises an area of 13,971.7 km2 with three sub-basins, the upper, the middle, and the lower Sinú sub-basins, where seventeen morphometric parameters were evaluated using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) tools to identify the rainwater harvesting potential index. The Sinú basin has a dendritic drainage pattern, and the results of the drainage network parameters make it possible for us to infer that the middle and lower Sinú areas are the ones mainly affected by floods. The basin geometry parameters indicate an elongated shape, implying a lesser probability of uniform and homogeneous rainfall. Additionally, the hypsometric curve shape indicates that active fluvial and alluvial sedimentary processes are present, allowing us to conclude that much of the material has been eroded and deposited in the basin's lower zones as it could be confirmed with the geological information available. The obtained results and GIS tools confirm the basin's geological heterogeneity. Furthermore, they were used to delimit the potential water harvesting zones following the rainwater harvesting potential index (RWHPI) methodology. The research demonstrates that drainage morphometry has a substantial impact on understanding landform processes, soil characteristics, and erosional characteristics. Additionally, the results help us understand the relationship between hydrological variables and geomorphological parameters as guidance and/or decision-making instruments for the competent authorities to establish actions for the sustainable development of the basin, flood control, water supply planning, water budgeting, and disaster mitigation within the Sinú river basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RhaucoidesRoewer, 1912 is herein revisited and re-diagnosed based on somatic and genital morphology, including the differences of both expanded and unexpanded glans complex shown for the first time in Cosmetidae. The genus is characterized mainly by abdominal ornamentation, coloration and by having the two basalmost tarsomeres of leg I fused. The genus Cumbalia Roewer, 1963 is newly considered a junior synonym of Rhaucoides. The species Cumbalia octomaculata Roewer, 1963, Rhaucoides festae Roewer 1925 and Rhaucoides sulfureus Mello-Leitão 1939 are considered junior subjective synonyms of Rhaucoides riveti Roewer, 1919. Erginus devillei Simon 1879 (currently in Metarhaucus) is transferred to Rhaucoides, resulting in Rhaucoides devillei (Simon 1879), comb. nov. Rhaucoides atahualpa sp. nov. and Rhaucoides nasa sp. nov. are described from Ecuador and Colombia, respectively. Comments about the genital and tarsal morphology in Cosmetidae are provided. A map with the known distribution of the genus, in the Andes of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador, is given. Finally, emended diagnoses are provided for the genera Rhauculus Roewer, 1927 and Reimoserius Roewer 1947. After the type species of MetarhaucusPickard-Cambridge, 1905 was transferred to Rhaucus Simon, 1879, a few species remained without formal generic allocation. All of those are herein combined either with Rhaucoides (1 species), Rhauculus (5 species) or Reimoserius (1 species). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document presents in detail the mathematical formulation of the second renewable energy auction in Colombia, used for the allocation of long-term energy contracts, which was carried out through a double-sided auction, defined in Resolutions 4-0590 and 4-0591 of 2019 from the UPME. The mixed integer linear programming model developed in this paper solves an optimization problem that seeks the combination of offers that maximizes the benefit of the consumer, subject to operational and economic constraints proposed by regulatory mechanisms. The effectiveness of the algorithm developed in Python was tested by validating it with real data, obtaining the same results published by UPME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociedad y Economia is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data from the Latin American Migration Project (LAMP) collected in Colombia between 2008 and 2015 were used to establish the scarcely studied relationship between social networks and the destinations where Colombians migrate. A logistic regression was employed to predict these migratory destinations. The contribution of this research is that it tests whether social networks tied to a destination are associated with the likelihood to migrate there. The findings support the Social Network Theory and offer an improved measure of social networks. It is shown that in migration gender matters since flow and interactions vary between men and women. There is evidence that men receive a greater benefit from social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Neotropical freshwater catfish Pseudopimelodus atricaudus and Pseudopimelodus magnus are two recently discovered species endemic to the Colombian Magdalena-Cauca River basin. In this study, a set of 13 microsatellite loci were developed by using next generation sequence technology to assess the genetic diversity and population structure in P. atricaudus and test for crossspecies amplification in P. magnus. Both species exhibited high genetic diversity (P. atricaudus: Na: 9.000 - 9.769 alleles/locus, Ho: 0.760 - 0.804, HE: 0.804 - 0.840; P. magnus: Na: 12.8 - 5.4 alleles/locus, Ho: 0.638 - 0.683, HE: 0.747 - 0.755) compared to the mean levels of genetic diversity reported for Neotropical Siluriformes, and lack of genetic differentiation among sampling sites within the Cauca River (P. atricaudus: F'ST=0.013 - 0.017, P > 0.05, D'est= -0.004 - 0.023, P > 0.05; P. magnus: F'ST= 0.031, P= 0.055; D'est= 0.045, P= 0.058). This work is the first insight on the diversity and the population genetics of species of the family Pseudopimelodidae and provides a framework to further population genetic and conservation analyses needed in this poorly studied family at the microevolutionary level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family Pseudopimelodidae is widely distributed in South America and includes 51 described species organized in seven genera. Only two of four species of the genus Pseudopimelodus have been recorded for the trans-Andean basins of Colombia, Pseu- dopimelodus bufonius and P. schultzi, whose similarity in external morphology make their identification difficult. We performed a phylogenetic analysis using a fragment of the Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI), and analyzed osteological and traditional morphometric characters to study Pseudopimelodus from the Colombian trans-Andean region. Results provided strong support for two clades phylogenetically related to Pseudopimelodus, that showed clear-cut molecular, osteological, and morphometric differences from previously described bumblebee catfishes. Based on these results, we describe two Pseudopimelodus species from the Magdalena-Cauca River Basin: P. magnus sp. nov. with 43-44 vertebrae, dorsal-fin spine with serrations on its anterior margin; lateral margin of transverse process of the fourth vertebra of the Weberian complex forming an acute angle in ventral view and P. atricaudus sp. nov. with 39 vertebrae, dorsal-fin spine smooth on its anterior margin and a dark, vertical band covering 3/4 of the caudal fin with base of rays and tip of caudal-fin lobes hyaline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widowhood is cataloged as one of the most stressful adverse life events; the change of civil status generates a change of role and implies a resignification of life. The aim of this study was to understand how older people experience and cope with widowhood. The research used mixed methods approach with a QUALI- quanti design, through grounded theory and log lineal analysis, with a sample of 29 elderly widows and widowers living in Bogotá. This study reports the psychological responses of a group of elderly widows that facilitate successful coping with the loss of the couple, and the responses that make it difficult. The results in the qualitative stage showed that coping with widowhood is framed in seven factors: sense of life, social support, previous relationship, satisfaction with marriage, participation in activities, consequences generated by the loss and personal strengths. In the quantitative stage a significant interaction between psychological response and coping was found, which revealed that some psychological responses in particular lead to an active coping or, on the contrary, made coping difficult. The answers that were significant were isolation, loneliness, moving forward and participation in activities. The results revealed that coping is a product of the interactions between macro and micro systems and showed widowhood as a multifaceted transition. Similarities with previous studies and limitations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The level of cultural self-efficacy indicates the degree of confidence nursing professionals possess for their ability to provide culturally competent care. Cultural adaptation and validation of the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale was performed for nursing professionals in Colombia. Design: A scale validation study was conducted. Method: Cultural adaptation and validation of the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale was performed using a sample of 190 nurses in Colombia, between September 2013 and April 2014. This sample was chosen via systematic random sampling from a finite population. Results: The scale was culturally adapted. Cronbach’s alpha for the revised scale was .978. Factor analysis revealed the existence of six factors grouped in three dimensions that explained 68% of the variance. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the version of the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale adapted to the Colombian context is a valid and reliable instrument for determining the level of cultural self-efficacy of nursing professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the conclusions of a research about the effectiveness of the administrative and judicial procedures to be followed by Victims of Colombian's armed conflict to achieve administrative compensation and humanitarian aid enshrined in Colombian Law. To reach these conclusions, 23 cases of victims legally advised by the Legal Clinic of the University of the Andes were studied. For the analysis of these cases were considered three variables: (i) response time, quality and consistency of responses from state agencies to victims, (ii) the administrative procedures to be followed by the victims, and (iii) the effectiveness of the judgments of constitutional judges to protect the fundamental rights of the victims of armed conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Phylogenetic hypothesis of Pimelodus yuma , Pimelodus grosskopfii, Pimelodus crypticus. • Pimelodus yuma , P. grosskopfii and P. crypticus are independently evolving species. • Pimelodus yuma and P. grosskopfii show evidence of historical genetic introgression. • No signals of current geneflow exist between P. yuma and P. grosskopfii. Low morphological differentiation among taxa hampers their appropriate identification, basic biological studies and promotion of any conservation effort. Aiming to provide the first insight into the evolution and speciation among north-western South American members of Pimelodus , this study tested the hypothesis that Pimelodus yuma , Pimelodus grosskopfii and Pimelodus crypticus represent three independently evolving species and explored signals of interspecific hybridisation. The outcomes based on mitochondrial (cox1) and nuclear (RADseq, microsatellites and rag2) markers combined with coalescence-based and allele-frequency methods confirmed that each studied species represents an independently evolving unit. Contrary to expectations, P. yuma was found as a sister clade of P. blochii , while P. crypticus (formerly confused with P. blochii) was phylogenetically closer to P. grosskopfii. We also found strong evidence of ancient introgression (0.66–3.32 mya) between the non-sibling species P. yuma and P. grosskopfii , breaking the absence of interbreeding and the independent evolutionary trajectory among north-western South American Pimelodus during their diversification history, a pre-requisite to define species limits. However, there were non-significant values of current gene flow between them, supporting the hypothesis of full isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows how some classical theories that resolve the tension between democracy and constitutionalism through the elimination or restriction of judicial review --such as the popular constitutionalism of Tushnet, procedural democracy of Ely and deliberative democracy of Elster and Gargarella-- do not apply to legal and political Colombian system. That happens because the factual assumptions underlying in these theories are not present in Colombia. Thus, it is proposed to create a theory consistent with the factual assumptions of the Colombian system, suggesting the desirability of a strong form of judicial review in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen acquired through the consumption of contaminated foods. Thirteen serotypes have been reported, of which 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b are responsible for 98% of human listeriosis cases. This study examines the association between serotypes and virulent clones, offering greater information and providing tools to prevent and control diseases caused by L. monocytogenes serotype 4b. Objective: To identify the serotypes from L. monocytogene strains isolated from different samples by performing the molecular subtyping technique; to determine the 85M fragment that codifies for epidemic clone I. Methods : 108 strains of L. monocytogenes were used, isolated from samples of animals, body fluids, foods, and food processing plant equipment and spaces. The samples were identified by following the Bacteriological Analytical Manual protocol described by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The strains were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers and a standardized protocol from a previous research project. Serotype identification was performed by multiplex PCR. The determination of the 85M fragment of the SSCS cassette was done by following the protocol by Yildrim et al. Results : Of the 108 L. monocytogenes strains analyzed, 60.2% (65 strains) belonged to the 4b-4d-4e serotype, 17.6% (19 strains) were identified as 1/2a-3a serotype, 14.8% (16 strains) were 4a-4c serotype, 3.7% (4 strains) belonged to the 1/2c-3c serotype, and (3.7%) corresponded to the 1/2b-3b-7 serotype. It was determined that the L. monocytogenes strains serotype 4b-4d-4e and 1/2a-3b have the 85M fragment of the SSCS cassette. Conclusion : This study reports the predominant existence of L. monocytogenes strains serotype 4b-4d-4e in food, environmental, and clinical samples. The presence of an epidemic clone I region was also found in L. monocytogenes strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prolegómenos Derechos y Valores is the property of Prolegomenos Derechos y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrative Moving Average models (SARIMA) were developed for monthly rainfall time series. Normality of the rainfall time series was achieved by using the Box Cox transformation. The best SARIMA models were selected based on their autocorrelation function (ACF), partial autocorrelation function (PACF), and the minimum values of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The result of the Ljung–Box statistical test shows the randomness and homogeneity of each model residuals. The performance and validation of the SARIMA models were evaluated based on various statistical measures, among these, the Student's t-test. It is possible to obtain synthetic records that preserve the statistical characteristics of the historical record through the SARIMA models. Finally, the results obtained can be applied to various hydrological and water resources management studies. This will certainly assist policy and decision-makers to establish strategies, priorities, and the proper use of water resources in the Sinú river watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usatama gen. nov. is described to include a new species of Kimulidae from Colombia. This is the first record of the family from the country. The new genus presents a weakly armed ocularium, feeble sexual dimorphism, and unique genital structure with three parallel horseshoe-shaped girdles in pars distalis and absence of cochleariform macrosetae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three years after the signing of the Peace Agreement between the Colombian State and the FARC-EP, the difficulties in its implementation in the objective and subjective dimensions are evident. The latter, sometimes omitted to think about the novel construction of a social bond that allows a lasting peace. It is necessary to question the use of symbolic capital, regularly placed at the service of private interests and supported by affects such as hatred, processed through public opinion and political struggles, with different intentions than those of peace and that may lead to the return of the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]