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Silent reading frequently entails engaging the "inner voice," a phenomenon in which individuals sub-vocally articulate words in their minds. This inner voice is understood to stem from the internalization process, wherein external verbal speech transitions into internal dialogue. However, the mechanisms through which foreign language learners internalize written content, particularly in a speed-reading framework, remain under-explored due to the inherent difficulties in observing such a process. To shed light on this, a qualitative study was carried out; it employed journals and the recall technique to examine the initial stages of internalization of written text by foreign language learners within a speedreading program. This program aims to enhance the pace and comprehension of reading English texts. The study reveals that learners start to internalize the written language through a series of inner speech uses such as subvocalization, literal translation, repetition, fluent reading, and the formation of mental imagery associations with the language. The findings further indicate that, as learners advance in the speed-reading course, their mental translation efforts become more subconscious, facilitating the transition to using inner speech as a cognitive tool through associations with mental images. This shift may play a crucial role in the efficiency and efficacy of acquiring reading skills in a foreign language.

This article analyzes the impact of revealed barriers - those challenges faced by firms during their innovation endeavors - on the firms' innovation outcomes. The central hypothesis of this study proposes that this impact varies depending on the level of novelty associated with the innovation developed. To accomplish this objective, probit regression models are employed using data sourced from the Sixth Survey of Innovation and Technological Development in the Service and Commerce Sectors (EDITS VI) conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) of Colombia for the period 2016-2017. The obtained results demonstrate that innovation barriers exert distinct impacts on the attainment of innovations of varying degrees of novelty (radical innovation versus incremental innovation). Based on these findings, the discussion delves into recommendations for policy design and managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fulfillment of the University's Third Mission has led the university to become a key actor for social and economic development in its regions of influence through a much closer linkage with the different agents in its environment. Thus, the literature has highlighted both the benefits derived from the Third University Mission, the difficulties inherent in the process and the existence of various barriers that can hinder its consolidation in the academic environment. Within the framework of these studies, it has been possible to identify three types of barriers to adopting the third mission: process, researcher, and ally or partner. It is worth mentioning that most of the research developed to date has focused on the study of the impact of the barriers on the development of the Third Mission but not on the analysis of the factors that can influence or attenuate the perception of these barriers. This is surprising if one considers that identifying these factors is relevant in designing strategies to promote the University's Third Mission. Therefore, this article aims to identify the factors that influence or attenuate the researcher's perception of different types of barriers to developing Third Mission activities. The study was based on data from a survey applied to a sample of academics categorized in the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia and linked to 6 higher education institutions in the Colombian Caribbean region. Binary logistic regression models were established to analyze the data obtained. The results obtained suggest that, in addition to the researcher's previous experience in the external sector, their perception of the existence of processes or support services provided by the university for the promotion of relationships with actors in the socioeconomic environment is important to mitigate the barriers perceived during the development of Third Mission activities, especially when these activities are located in the support for the management and execution of technology transfer activities. In particular, it was found that as the academic's perception of the policies and procedures, support activities, and the university's technology transfer capacity improves, the barriers of both the researcher and those associated with the process are dissipated. This implies that universities should advance in the institutionalization of the third mission and in strengthening the functions of promotion, advice and support, as well as promotion structures and thus be able to mitigate the perceived barriers to the development of the University's Third Mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica Boliviana is the property of Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Facultad de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Austrian syndrome corresponds to the triad of meningitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, there is no global or local incidence given the infrequency of entity. Scarce cases are published in Latin America, with none of them in Colombia. A case of Austrian syndrome by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae in an immunocompetent patient is presented. Aortic valve is the most frequent site involved in Austrian syndrome; this patient had an unusual localization of the vegetation on the right coronary artery ostium. The prognosis is poor with a mortality rate of 30% or higher, this patient survived despite systemic complications. Vaccination status impacts in prevention and severity of cases because responsible serotypes are often included in available vaccines. The patient had a serotype covered by available vaccines; however, her vaccination status was unknown. Thus, we present the first case reported in Colombia of Austrian syndrome by a penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, in a patient with no identified comorbidities or toxicological history, with a successful evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The allergic phenotype is responsible for more than 50% of severe asthma cases. In a stepwise approach, add-on treatments such as anti-IgE are used for severe allergic asthma (SAA). This study was aimed to describe the real-world effectiveness of omalizumab in adult and pediatric patients with SAA in Colombia.Methods: This was an observational, non-interventional, retrospective study. Data from patients with SAA that received at least one month of treatment with omalizumab was obtained from medical records at eight sites in Colombia. Time-zero (t - 0) was defined as the date of initiation of omalizumab, and data was gathered for a 12-month period before t - 0 and a 12-month period after t - 0. Clinical outcomes, including exacerbations, were assessed at 6 and 12 months. Effectiveness of omalizumab was evaluated in terms of the reduction of the risk of exacerbations (annualized rate).Results: We included 143 patients with SAA. There was a decrease of 72.4% of the annualized rate of clinically significant asthma exacerbations during the year after omalizumab (from 1.74 before to 0.48 after) with a substantial reduction of the risk of exacerbations by 56.7% (RR [95% CI] 0.43 [0.30-0.63] p < 0,001).Conclusion: The use of omalizumab in Colombia as a treatment for SAA notably reduced the risk of clinically significant exacerbations. This study is the first to evaluate omalizumab real-life effectiveness in pediatric and adult patients in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Sociologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crossbreeding is a common practice among commercial sheep producers to improve animal performance. However, genetic evaluation of U.S. sheep is performed within breed type (terminal sire, semi-prolific, and western range). While incorporating crossbred records may improve assessment of purebreds, it requires accounting for heterotic and breed effects in the evaluation. The objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the development of a paternal composite (PC) line, 2) determine the effect of direct and maternal heterosis on growth traits of crossbred lambs, 3) estimate (co)variance components for direct and maternal additive, and uncorrelated maternal environmental, effects, and 4) provide an interpretation of the estimates of random effects of genetic groups, and to use those solutions to compare the genetic merit of founding breed subpopulations. Data included purebred and crossbred records on birth weight (BN; n = 14,536), pre-weaning weight measured at 39 or 84 d (WN; n = 9,362) depending on year, weaning weight measured at 123 d (WW; n = 9,297), and post-weaning weight measured at 252 d (PW; n = 1,614). Mean (SD) body weights were 5.3 (1.1), 16.8 (3.9) and 28.0 (7.6), 39.1 (7.2), and 54.2 (8.7) kg for BN, WN (at the two ages), WW, and PW, respectively. In designed experiments, the Siremax, Suffolk, Texel, Polypay, Columbia, Rambouillet, and Targhee breeds were compared within the same environment. Estimates of heterotic effects and covariance components were obtained using a multiple trait animal model. Genetic effects based on founders' breeds were significant and included in the model. Percent estimates of direct heterosis were 2.89 ± 0.61, 2.60 ± 0.65, 4.24 ± 0.56, and 6.09 ± 0.86, and estimates of maternal heterosis were 1.92 ± 0.87, 4.64 ± 0.80, 3.95 ± 0.66, and 4.04 ± 0.91, for BN, WN, WW, and PW, respectively. Correspondingly, direct heritability estimates were 0.17 ± 0.02, 0.13 ± 0.02, 0.17 ± 0.02, and 0.46 ± 0.04 for BN, WN, WW, and PW. Additive maternal effects accounted for trivial variation in PW. For BN, WN, and WW, respectively, maternal heritability estimates were 0.16 ± 0.02, 0.10 ± 0.02, and 0.07 ± 0.01. Uncorrelated maternal environmental effects accounted for little variation in any trait. Direct and maternal heterosis had considerable impact on growth traits, emphasizing the value of crossbreeding and the need to account for heterosis, in addition to breed effects, if crossbred lamb information is included in genetic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: internal conflict; graduation approach; restitution; labor income; savings; psychological variables; well-being EN internal conflict graduation approach restitution labor income savings psychological variables well-being 129 154 26 07/21/22 20220501 NES 220501 1 Introduction After almost six decades of internal conflict and about 8-9 million victims who were displaced, murdered, or lost their assets, Colombia implemented Law 1448/2011 - the Victims Law - through which it began a process of recognition, land restitution, and integral reparation of victims. 2 Background: The TMF Program The TMF program analyzed here was the third cohort of this intervention implemented by UARIV, a government adaptation of the graduation approach. TMF participantAge (years)45.23 (13.18)46.17 (13.26)Proportion of women (%)73.84 (44.00)73.84 (44.00)Proportion of head households (%)77.00 (42.12)81.01 (39.42)Secondary studies achieved (%)42.12 (49.42)41.20 (49.27)Working (%)56.11 (49.67)58.64 (49.29)Proportion receiving monetary compensation (%)7.39 (26.17)6.33 (24.37)Observations474474 ht 1 Source: Baseline and endline TMF survey. Graph: Figure 4: Changes in poverty, income and expenditure for all the groups of TMF's participants. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Estudios Gerenciales is the property of Universidad ICESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Duazary. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Universidad del Magdalena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigacion en Enfermeria: Imagen y Desarrollo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agricultural production seeks to obtain high quality, safe products for human consumption- a great concern for the dairy chain. The present investigation seeks to identify the correlation between the compositional and sanitary quality of raw milk (SCC/mL). The investigation was carried out in three districts of the Department of Nariño, Colombia. For this purpose, sampling and information collection was executed throughout the years 2016 and 2017. To determine the relationship between composition and sanitary quality, an analysis was made of the principal components of the milk, and a design of mixed models was creating using selected variables. The analysis showed that there is a relationship between the compositional variables, and the mixed model indicated that there is a significant relationship between the somatic cell count and the milk quality of the region. It was concluded that a somatic cell count above 500,000 CFU/mL has negative effects on protein, casein, and milk production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Boletin de Geologia is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In Colombia it is necessary to continue producing quality and continuously updated information, on the magnitude of cancer, from cancer population registered data to contribute to decision making, and implementation of strategies for health promotion, prevention and treatment of cancer, in order to reduce the impact on the population. Objective: To describe the incidence, mortality and cancer trends in Pasto-Colombia from 1998 to 2012. Methods: Observational descriptive study of morbi - mortality due to malignant tumors in Pasto. The collection, processing and systematization of the data, was carried out according to international standards for cancer population registries. The incidence and mortality rates were calculated by period, sex, age and tumor location. Results: for the period 1998-2012 there were 8,010 new cases of cancer, of them, 57.7% occurred in women. There were 4,214 deaths reported, 52.0% in women. The incidence (p men= 0.7, p females= 0.3) and mortality (p men= 1.0, p females= 0.0) did not present significant changes over 15 years of observation and the tumors that cause greater morbi-mortality affect the stomach, cervix, breast and prostate. Conclusions: Cancer in general continues to be a serious health problem for the population of Pasto. The global behavior of cancer incidence and mortality, identify the need to promote and strengthen promotion and prevention programs, especially focused on tumors of the stomach, prostate, breast and cervix that produce greater morbidity and mortality in the population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and construct validity of the nursing diagnosis 'decreased cardiac output' (DCO) in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS Cross-sectional study. RESULTS A total of 200 people were studied. The defining characteristics with the highest prevalence were as follows: arrhythmia (62.5%) and fatigue (61.5%). Adjustment measures such as infit and outfit were maintained between 0.50 and 1.56 and the total variance explained by the measures was 29.3%. CONCLUSIONS This study determined the clinical validity of the nursing diagnosis DCO. Regarding construct validity, adjustment of the defining characteristics to the Rasch model was observed. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE This study improves the evidence-based practice of nursing and strengthened the role of the nurse who leads care to this population. OBJETIVO Determinar la validez clínica y de constructo del diagnóstico de enfermería 'Disminución del Gasto Cardíaco' en pacientes con falla cardíaca crónica. MÉTODOS Estudio de corte transversal. RESULTADOS Un total de 200 pacientes fueron estudiados. Las características definitorias con las mayores prevalencias fueron: arritmia (62.5%) y fatiga (61.5%). Medidas de ajuste como el infit y outfit se mantuvieron entre 0.50 y 1.56. El total de la varianza explicada por las medidas fue de 29.3%. CONCLUSIONES Este estudio determinó la validez clínica del diagnóstico de enfermería 'Disminución del Gasto Cardíaco'. En cuanto a la validez de constructo, se observó que 19 de las 21 características definitorias se ajustaron al modelo Rasch. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA PRÁCTICA DE ENFERMERÍA Este estudio mejora la práctica basada en la evidencia de enfermería y fortalece el rol de las enfermeras que lideran el cuidado en esta población. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cuidarte is the property of Universidad de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CES Medicina Veterinaria & Zootecnica is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Colombia Medica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Identify the rabies virus in cases of nervous disease archived in the laboratory with diagnosis of nonspecific encephalitis. Materials and methods. Twelve samples of bovine brain suspected of rabies, were processed by indirect immunoperoxidase technique using polyclonal antibodies against the viral agent. Results. Was demonstrated the presence of viral antigens in three cases in the form of small aggregates in the cytoplasm of neurons, with a pattern of round or oval and a variable number of viral inclusion bodies. We discussed the importance of the results in Colombia, the usefulness of the technique in the difficult conditions for sending samples to the laboratory, plus the possible relationship of the negative cases with bovine herpesvirus 5. Conclusions. The use of immunohistochemical technique to demonstrate rabies virus antigens in formalin fixed bovines tissues can help in the construction of an epidemiological map of rabies disease in Colombia and may reduce the high under-diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system of cattle, reported in some regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand what the impact is International Humanitarian Law and International Law of Human Rights in cases involving children and adolescents in armed conflict, it is necessary to define the international corpus of its various instruments and then show how these elements have formed the basis and foundation in the decisions that had to face the Constitutional Court in constitutional rulings that have been subjected to study, for which emphasizes the application of the constitutional instrument as a formal source Law . It does show that, in the delimited area, the interest and the Colombian reality show extensive review by the Court, demonstrated a high degree of concern regarding the various forms of association of children and adolescents in conflict internal armed mainly by the recruitment figures for the High Court which goes not only to international treaties, but also to international custom, specialized teaching, research and statistics between the non-binding instruments, but which serve as parameter for final decision. This identifies a comprehensive international legal framework is a static analysis of the judgments of the Court in these matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of APUNTES - Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of International Journal of South American Archeology is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The eating disorders exacerbate by various factors such as cultural influences, family habits and economic status, affect population groups such as Colombians adolescents and children occurring abnormalities in their patterns of growth and development and creates health complications and deterioration the quality of life. This is a public health problem, therefore it is vital to have clarity on how to approach the diagnosis and treatment in these patients because they are the social and economic future of the country and the world. The objective of this review of national and international literature is a practical approach regarding diagnosis and treatment of Eating Disorders, giving clear guidelines for handling and deepening in the psychotherapeutic approach, in order to minimize complications in the short and long term. It is important to remember that the health authorities are the best able to guide and provide this information to the affected population group and those who interact with them such as the education sector, the mass media, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem and maternal-infant health indicator in developing countries. A birth weight below 2.500 g contributes towards poor short- and long-term maternal-infant health outcomes. Objective: establishing risk factors for LBW in the San José teaching hospital in Popayán, Colombia, 2005-2006. Methods and materials: this was a case-control study. Cases (n=344) were newborn (<2.500 g) who had been born in this hospital; the controls (n=483) were newborn (>2.500 g) who were born on the same day. An interview was conducted to collect information regarding risk factors from post-partum females. A logistic regression model was used for estimating risk factors by Odds Ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: having a middle/upper socio-economic class background (OR=0,33; 95%CI 0,12-0,91), the newborn being female (OR=0,73; 95%CI 0,55-0,98), having had more than 5 prenatal controls (OR=0,54; 95%CI 0,39-0,75), having no background of previous LBW (OR=0,30; 95%CI 0,15-0,58) were protective factors for LBW. Having a background of urinary tract infection (OR=1,78; 95% CI 1,30-2,45) and having undergone a previous caesarean section (OR=1,88; 95%CI 1,13-3,16) were low birth weight risk factors. Conclusion: LBW was thus seen to be associated with coming from a lower socio-economic class. Interventions regarding the lack of social equity is therefore an important factor in reducing LBW in this third-level hospital's area of influence. Key words: risk factor, case-control study, infant, low birth weight, infant mortalit y, Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se presenta una reflexión del autor sobre la semiótica y la formación de lectores críticos a partir de la recepción de un cuento del autor Juan José Arreola. El autor enfoca en el aporte de la semiótica a la comprensión de la formación del lector en contextos universitarios colombianos y latinoamericanos. Cita autores como Umberto Eco, Paul Ricoeur y Charles Peirce

This article, based on secondary bibliography, deals with some contemporary family issues and tendencies in the city of Medellin. These changes in family structure stand out as a result of complex processes such as the decline of the patriarchal family, the massive entry of women into the labor force, and the culture and the success of birth control campaigns in Colombia since the middle of the twentieth century. It also deals with the problem of the new places of infancy and youth within the family and in school, where they occupy central positions with greater recognition than in the past, displacing adults from the center and challenging their authority; and in the forms of urban socialization, defining new cultural paradigms. As in other contexts of the western cultural world, the family has somehow become the refuge of urban life, due to the deterioration of public life, and its supposed crisis is closely associated to the appearance of other forms of socialization in large cities. These and other problems such as the new gender identities and the end of the heterosexuality on which the family and patriarchal society were based, are inscribed within the processes of internationalization of culture, with its distinctive traits in a city like Medellin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug resistance is contributing to increasing mortality from malaria worldwide. For assessment of the role of resistance-conferring parasite mutations on treatment responses to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and transmission potential, 120 subjects with uncomplicated falciparum malaria from Buenaventura, Colombia, were treated with SP and followed for 21 days in the period February 1999 to May 2000. Exposures of interest were mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase that confer resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, respectively. Although SP was highly efficacious (96.7%), the presence together of DHFR mutations at codons 108 and 51 was associated with longer parasite clearance time (relative hazard = 0.24, p = 0.019) more so than the 108 mutation alone (relative hazard = 0.45, p = 0.188). This association remained after controlling for potential confounders. Infections with these mutations were also associated with the presence of gametocytes, the sexual form of the parasite responsible for transmission, 14 and 21 days after treatment (p = 0.016 and p = 0.048, respectively). Higher gametocytemia is probably due to DHFR mutations prolonging parasite survival under drug pressure, resulting in longer parasite clearance time and allowing asexual parasites to differentiate into gametocytes. These results suggest that even when SP efficacy is high, DHFR mutations that are insufficient to cause therapeutic failure may nevertheless increase malaria transmission and promote the spread of drug resistance. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:230–8. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective. To describe the clinical features of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome who have recently been discharged from intensive care units (ICUs) included in a chronic care program in Colombia. Methods. Descriptive case series study of a cohort of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome who entered the Remeo® chronic care program between July 2020 and May 2021. Clinical features, complications, and treatments are described. Results. Among patients in the program discharged from an ICU, 122 cases of post-COVID-19 syndrome were identified. These patients continued in the program. The mean age was 66.9 years (CI 64-68); 62.29% were men, 88.9% (109) had a tracheostomy, 72.8% (90) had a gastrostomy, and 99% required supplemental oxygen. In the first four months, 9,518 interventions were carried out, including physical therapy (x:20.7), occupational therapy (x:10.9), respiratory therapy (x:41.4), and psychology (x:4.8). Conclusions. The chronic care program was an option for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome recently discharged from an ICU, with a view to minimizing ICU occupation rates and facilitating patients' return to their homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a leading cause of neonatal death and an emerging pathogen in adults. Additionally, GBS is a bovine pathogen causing intramammary infections. The likelihood of GBS interspecies transmission is largely unknown. We explored the potential transmission of GBS between cattle and people on dairy farms in Colombia and compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of isolates from both host species. Across 33 farms, throat swabs and rectal swabs were collected from 191 people, and rectal swabs and composite milk samples from 2092 cattle, yielding 60 human isolates and 301 bovine isolates. The majority (64%) of isolates belonged to shared sequence types (ST). Sequence type (ST) 1 was the most common strain in both host species, suggesting that interspecies transmission may be possible. Two members of the bovine-specific clonal complex 61/67 were detected in human samples (ST718 and ST1175), providing evidence for the lack of genuine species barriers. Apparent prevalence of penicillin resistance was surprisingly high in human and bovine isolates. Further investigation of this phenomenon is needed and could lead to modification of standard testing and treatment recommendations in human and veterinary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]