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This article presents an instrument for measuring the effectiveness of literacy programmes for youth and adults. To assess the impact of participation on individual learners' lives and their environment, the authors developed a structure comprising five main dimensions: (1) "personal sphere" (six sub-dimensions); (2) "social skills" (six sub-dimensions); (3) "life project" (four sub-dimensions); (4) "knowledge" (five sub-dimensions); and (5) "economic situation" ´(five sub-dimensions). Phase 1 of developing this instrument included the definition of dimensional and sub-dimensional features; Phase 2 comprised drafting the design of the measurement scale. During Phase 1, the authors conducted focus group discussions and individual interviews with 15 students, 14 teachers, 10 graduates and 2 former managers of a Colombian second-chance adult education programme called "Avancemos" [Let's go forward]. The programme was launched in 1993 and has since been further developed by the University of Ibagué. During Phase 2, six specialists in education and psychology validated the survey items in an expert trial. In the third phase of development, the authors finalised a survey questionnaire to test their scale and distributed it among 132 "Avancemos" graduates, of whom 124 (63 women and 61 men) returned completed forms. In their analysis of the results, the authors found that their instrument, which they named EduIMPACT, had proved useful for evaluating and acting upon the programme's perception among its target group.

Job uncertainty and ambiguity is a reality in many current societies, therefore, the idea of self-employment has taken a more active role, not only out of necessity, but also because it brings innovation and development to societies. In view of this situation, the following question arises: how can we strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of our students? This article has the objective to collect theoretical information of the state of the art on entrepreneurship education: what it has been, what it is, and what can it be, in order to present the current condition of the topic, both in the psychological and pedagogical field. To achieve this objective, information from 108 research sources, mainly from scientific articles and books was collected, concluding that, although generally, entrepreneurship education has significantly contributed to the creation of businesses, developing countries, specifically, those in Latin America, still require extra effort to fully implement entrepreneurship topic in the curriculums, particularly because of challenges such as political instability, technology and international competition.

This narrative inquiry explores teacher ownership of curriculum change by examining how a blended learning program was put into action in a Colombian tertiary institution. In particular, the study aimed to examine the experiences of two English language teachers as they grappled with and managed the changes brought about by their involvement in the implementation of a blended learning curriculum. Data collection methods included narrative interviews and field notes from classroom observation. Findings indicate that switching to blended learning is a complex enterprise that goes beyond 'getting the mix right', as multiple individual and institutional factors come to shape teachers' implementation experiences. Depending on the extent to which their aspirations, beliefs and actions are aligned to the expectations of influential others and the culture of the organization, teachers can find it more or less difficult to perform stable professional identities and develop ownership of their practice. This study highlights the importance of considering ways in which tensions can be both managed and used as reflective opportunities to help teachers and change leaders implement BL programs more effectively.

The purpose of this study was to identify the different incidents of critical thinking in five preschool classrooms in one school, and the instructional strategies preschool teachers employed in the development of children's critical thinking. The participants in this study were five self-contained preschool teachers and their corresponding groups. The study explored teachers' beliefs in regards to the role of critical thinking in their classrooms. Data collection techniques included classroom observations, document analysis, and interviews with teachers. Two over-arching findings include: a) it is possible to observe and describe numerous instances in which critical thinking is paid attention to explicitly by teachers, and b) it is possible to observe a range of classroom interactions and techniques that explicitly develop these skills among preschoolers.

Globalizing forces have both transformed the higher education sector and made it increasingly homogenous. Growing similarities among universities have been attributed to isomorphic pressures to ensure and/or enhance legitimacy by imitating higher education institutions that are perceived as successful internationally, particularly universities that are highly ranked globally (Cantwell & Kauppinen, 2014; DiMaggio and Powell, 1983). In this study, we compared the strategic plans of 78 high-ranked, low-ranked, and unranked universities in 33 countries in 9 regions of the world. In analyzing the plans of these 78 universities, the study explored patterns of similarity and difference in universities' strategic positioning according to Suchman's (1995) 3 types of legitimacy: cognitive, pragmatic, and moral. We found evidence of stratified university strategies in a global higher education landscape that varied by institutional status. In offering a corrective to neoinstitutional theory, we suggest that patterns of globalization are mediated by status-based differences in aspirational behavior (Riesman, 1958) and "old institutional" forces (Stinchcombe, 1997) that contribute to differently situated universities pursuing new paths in seeking to build external legitimacy.

This study was carried out with a group of three teachers who work for the foreign languages department of a private university in Colombia. It was aimed at unveiling and characterizing the narrative knowledge these teachers hold about language teaching and learning processes as well as the role this knowledge plays in the constant construction and evaluation of curriculum. Data were collected through concept maps, biodata surveys, narrative interviews, and participant observation within a narrative inquiry approach to research. Findings show the crucial need to value and explore teachers' knowledge from a narrative perspective in order to better understand the complexity of the teaching context in which they work.

Background: Teamwork influences health care quality and patient safety. Yet, validated instruments for assessing teamwork in Colombia are lacking. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the TeamSTEPPS-Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ-S) for the Colombian health care context. Methods: The T-TPQ-S underwent translation, cultural adaptation, and comprehensive psychometric testing, including reliability and confirmatory factor analyses and item difficulty and discrimination analyses. Results: The T-TPQ-S demonstrated high internal consistency and excellent fit to the theoretical model. Item discrimination was within expected ranges, with response thresholds displaying an ascending order. The tool better differentiated subjects with low and high teamwork perceptions. Conclusions: The T-TPQ-S is an effective, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing teamwork perception among Colombian health care workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal Energy Review enables the analysis of a municipality's energy performance, encompassing quantifiable energy efficiency, energy utilization, and consumption outcomes. This study embarks on an energy review of Sabanalarga municipality in Colombia, scrutinizing its energy performance spanning from 2010 to 2021 as a preliminary step toward designing a Municipal Energy Management System. The methodology employed encompasses three stages: examining energy utilization, identifying significant energy uses (SEUs) along with their improvement opportunities, and estimating future energy consumption. Results reveal that the transportation and residential sectors emerge as the primary energy consumers despite the municipality's economic dependence on agriculture. The municipality's energy performance has witnessed a decline in recent years, primarily due to the impact of the "Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19)" on the local economy and residential energy consumption. The energy action plan, structured around SEUs and founded upon identified improvement opportunities, paints a promising picture for the short-term future to enhance energy performance indicators, provided that the proposed strategies and activities are implemented within the designated timeframe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we test the hypothesis that beliefs about the ideal mother are convergent across cultures and that these beliefs overlap considerably with attachment theory's notion of the sensitive mother. In a sample including 26 cultural groups from 15 countries around the globe, 751 mothers sorted the Maternal Behavior Q-Set to reflect their ideas about the ideal mother. The results show strong convergence between maternal beliefs about the ideal mother and attachment theory's description of the sensitive mother across groups. Cultural group membership significantly predicted variations in maternal sensitivity belief scores, but this effect was substantially accounted for by group variations in socio-demographic factors. Mothers living in rural versus urban areas, with a low family income, and with more children, were less likely to describe the ideal mother as highly sensitive. Cultural group membership did remain a significant predictor of variations in maternal sensitivity belief scores above and beyond socio-demographic predictors. The findings are discussed in terms of the universal and culture-specific aspects of the sensitivity construct.

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: This article reports on a collaborative project that explored transdisciplinary understandings of the implications of learning English for the health and well-being of people who have come as refugees to Aotearoa New Zealand. Background: It is important to understand learners' backgrounds and wider social worlds to best offer them opportunities for learning the English language, which is in most cases a significant factor in health literacy and in being able to access health care. Methodology: Secondary analysis was used to analyse the health implications of an emergent data set from a primary research study with learners who were refugees. Sixty adults of refugee backgrounds participated in the primary research. Ages of participants ranged from 18 to 64 years, and the participants were predominantly female. Findings: The key themes developed from the secondary analysis were: complexity of life experience, challenges to living and learning, family responsibilities, challenges to "peace of mind" and mental health, and personal agency. Eliciting narratives about who people are, where they are from, and how migration affects them at all levels of daily life, and therefore their health and well-being, is integral to culturally safe practice with people with refugee backgrounds. Conclusions: The health of new New Zealanders is a social equity issue that nurses and other health and social-care professionals need to be concerned with, especially in creating culturally safe conditions for people with refugee backgrounds to engage well with health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to establish the variables that explain the behavior of trademark applications in Colombia between 2012 and 2016. For the analysis, a fixed effects model with robust panel errors was used, for which a determination coefficient of 99% was obtained. From these, it was possible to establish that the number of patent applications, the number of industrial design applications, the number of establishments, professional technical and technological salaries of permanent production or indefinite term contracts, departmental GDP, national investment in administration and other support activities, sales of companies in the country and advertising expenditures are significant to explain the number of trademark applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emerging scholarship on urban land grabbing has urged researchers to take more nuanced perspectives on land appropriation. There is the need to understand the actions of and interactions amongst a multiplicity of local actors—beyond large-scale investors and global cities—when considering land grabs in the spaces of urban development. Therefore, this paper analyses what we conceptualise as the more 'gradual' and 'ordinary' dynamics of land dispossession in the peri-urban spaces of the small-scale city of Sogamoso, Colombia. Based on 38 semi-structured key-informant interviews, we explore everyday actions, actors and power relations involved in urban expansionism, mining, farming and ecosystems conservation as these activities seek to coexist and compete for the same, relatively sparse amount of peri-urban space. We find that land appropriation is facilitated by multi-level policy incoherence and the failures of municipal governance. Policy incoherence results in normative uncertainty and weak environmental governance, while a lack of coordinated municipal governance in peri-urban spaces leads to further small scale, 'ordinary' and therefore 'invisible' conflicts, to the detriment of citizens' livelihoods. This paper contributes to understanding spatially differentiated urban land appropriation, and its articulation with local, gradual, subtle and more hidden land use conflicts, governance regimes and power relations at the scales of the everyday. Our findings suggest the need to theorize urban land grab also as a result of ordinary, place-based, quotidian dynamics that emerge from governance problematics, including policy incoherence, and land use conflicts, and from the intersection of a more diverse set of drivers, mechanisms and actors than discussed in the extant literature with focus on large urban centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the relationship between intellectual property and the different types of proximity in networks of geographic museums in Colombia. For this, we applied a survey to nine territorial networks that are made up of 237 museums. The analyze include the use of different kind of visualization of correlations between variables and agents (in this case, museum networks), the iconography of correlations and the weighted graphs. Among the main findings are that (i) IP protection is independent of the types of proximity that museums and museum networks face; (ii) museum networks do not have the culture of registration of new creations or distinctive signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A geographical perspective is crucial to understanding sustainability transitions and transformation, but previous research on place framing in sustainability transitions and transformation has had a marked focus on the politics of the future and its performativity in the present. This paper analyzes place-framing in sustainability transitions and transformation by examining how the conflicting collective memories of a place and the framings of the future of this place interact and lead to the justification of particular forms of socio-material development, land use and sustainability of the peri-urban spaces of the city of Sogamoso, Colombia. Based on 38 semi-structured interviews, we identify three distinct assemblages of future visions, collective memories and place frames, which we call urban development, recovering tradition, and cultural revitalization. The analysis shows that place framing is an exercise through which collective memories and future visions are connected and co-constituted in a spatio-temporal 'dialogue': collective memories, future visions and place frames are processes of social construction activated in the attempt to shape or contest sustainability transitions and transformation. We contend that the existence and mobilization of collective memories—and their critical influence on future visions—are a core aspect of the politics of place framing fundamental to the socio-material processes of sustainability transitions and transformation. Furthermore, a politics of place-making in sustainability transitions and transformation involves acknowledging and negotiating collective memories of the past as much as future visions. This suggests ways to critically counterbalance the marked future orientation taken in recent years by sustainability science and transition studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Contabilidad is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Contabilidad is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas: Investigacion y Reflexion is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The restoration success has been limited by the social and ecological knowledge. • Community-based approaches improves mangrove restoration success probability. • Restoration types and techniques are complementary to spatial and temporal scales. Loss and degradation of mangroves in Colombia has motivated the development of restoration efforts since the 1990s. Many experiences have been accumulated; however, there is no general balance to evaluate approaches, techniques, and results from which best practices and public policy, and a long-term national mangrove restoration plan can be proposed. To fill this gap, a review of the scientific literature and unpublished reports was complemented with surveys to build a database "MANRESCO v. 1.0" released with paper. Analysis made it possible to describe the historical and geographical trends and to identify the relative success of the many actions, according to restoration types, mangroves types and specific techniques we documented. 163 actions between 1995 and 2018 on six biophysical typologies of mangroves, four restoration types and ten techniques to face deforestation, hydrological alteration, and oil spills were recorded. A Chi-square test was used to found relationship between relative succeed and some variables. No relationship was found between biophysical mangrove types and the relative success (p-value = 0.11), but success largely depended on the type of restoration and the technique used. Most effective type of restoration was the Community Based Ecological Mangrove Restoration. Techniques involving hydrological restoration had more highly successful cases than others (15%). The most widely used and common technique was the sowing of seedlings and propagules, which have been commonly used regardless of anthropic threat, but with a low level of success. According to the results of the largest mangrove restoration program in Latin America (Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta), the techniques can be complemented in scale and time, resulting in a 69% of mangrove cover at a cost of 4115US $/ha. However, techniques need to be chosen on proper knowledge of socioecological systems to improve the cost-benefit estimation. Lesson learned and gaps identified can be useful to other countries carrying on mangrove restoration programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from Zanthoxylum monophyllum (Lam.) P. Wilson, Z. rhoifolium Lam., and Z. fagara (L.) Sarg. fruits by steam distillation, as well as testing antifungal and insecticidal activities of essential oils as potential pesticides. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis identified 57 compounds. The main constituents in Z. rhoifolium oil were β-Myrcene (59.03%), β-phellandrene (21.47%), and germacrene D (9.28%), the major constituents of Z. monophyllum oil were sabinene (25.71%), 1,8-cineole (9.19%), and cis-4-thujanol (9.19%), whereas fruit oil of Z. fagara mainly contained germacrene D-4-ol (21.1%), elemol (8.35%), and α-cadinol (8.22%). Zanthoxylum fagara showed the highest activity on Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds (EC50 153.9 µL L-1 air), and Z. monophyllum was the most active against Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend: Fr. f. sp. lycopersici (EC50 140.1 µL L-1 air). Zanthoxylum monophyllum essential oil showed significant fumigant activity against Sitophilus oryzae (L.). This study demonstrated that Zanthoxylum essential oils exhibit important fungicidal activity on F. oxysporum and C. acutatum, which could become an alternative to synthetic fungicides to control plant fungal diseases, and Z. monophyllum oil is a potential fumigant against S. oryzae. Key words: Zanthoxylum monophyllum; Z. rhoifolium; Z. fagara; Sitophilus oryzae; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; Colletotrichum acutatum; fumigant, antifungal, insecticidal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Assessing risk factors for pregnancy in an adolescent school population., Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 7,068 adolescents whose ages ranged from 11 to 20 years who were attending 14 public schools in Bogotá and the surrounding municipalities. A self-questionnaire was administered focusing on socio-demographic, family and sentimental factors and the adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexuality., Results: The average age was 15.3 years. 80 % had received family-planning in-formation; 32 % recognised the menstrual cycle. The prevalence of sexual activity was 40 % and 20 % were leading a sexually-active life. The prevalence of pregnancy was 4 % and the declared abortion rate was 1%. The risk factors involved not having received information about family-planning compared to understanding family-planning but with some doubts (OR 0.1: 0.03 to 0.4 95 % CI), previous abortion (OR 7.8: 2.3 to 25.8 95 % CI), not having planned against pregnancy during the first sexual relationship (OR 3.9: 2.2-7 95 % CI). Self-esteem, relationship with parents and perception of the future were not identified as being risk factors., Conclusions: Teenage pregnancy seemed to be an accidental situation due to lack of knowledge rather than occurring because some teenagers were having trouble.