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Objective. To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with mortality due to severe dengue in five departments in Colombia. Materials and methods. Case-control study with patients admitted between 2009 and 2013. The cases were patients who died from dengue and the controls where patients with severe dengue who survived the disease. A multivariate analysis using the Mantel- Haenszel procedure identified risk factors associated with dengue mortality. Results. We analyzed 58 cases and 121 controls and identified four factors: in-hospital administration of dypirone (ORa=6.38 95%CI 2.41-16.86) and paracetamol (ORa=0.25 95%CI 0.10-0.61), comorbidities (ORa=3.52 95%CI 1.51-8.18), and a prior visit to the hospital (ORa=3.99 95%CI 1.63-9.77). Conclusions. Administration of dypirone in patients with severe dengue was associated with a higher risk of mortality. Considering that 20 countries have banned dipyrone because of its adverse effects, we advise against its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue virus infection is the most important vector transmitted disease in tropical countries such as Colombia, where all the four dengue virus serotypes are circulating and are involved in successive secondary infections which induce severe or even fatal cases. The central key to understanding the severe dengue cases is the endothelial function damage which appears as plasma leakage, coagulation impairment, and organ compromise. Severe dengue could be explained by different theories, among them the antibodydependent enhancement (ADE) phenomenon is the best known. This theory postulates that the second heterotypic virus causing a secondary infection is recognized by antibodies raised during the first infection but are ineffective to neutralize the virus. Instead this virus-antibody complex is internalized by Fc-gamma receptor-bearing cells increasing the viral replication and inducing an aberrant immune response that contributes to severe dengue presentation. This manuscript is aimed to review the evidence about the ADE phenomenon and its involvement in the severe evolution of dengue cases. Here, it will be described the extrinsic and intrinsic ADE concepts and how these phenomena must be considered to the design, development, and implementation of a dengue vaccine because the evidence indicates that ADE affects both efficacy and safety of vaccine prototypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]