Search

This prospective study examined the primary, secondary and complex conceptual models of religious/spiritual struggles with 18 indicators of whole person functioning across five domains: psychological well-being, psychological distress, social well-being, physical well-being and character. We used three waves of longitudinal data (Wave 1: August/September 2021, Wave 2: October/November 2021, Wave 3: February 2022) from Colombian university students (N = 2878, M age  = 20.88 ± 4.05 years). Adjusting for covariates assessed in Wave 1, our primary analysis applied the analytic templates for outcome-wide and lagged exposure-wide designs to estimate two sets of lagged linear regression models. Religious/spiritual struggles in Wave 2 were associated with a small-to-medium-sized decline in subsequent functioning on 17/18 indicators in Wave 3, and worse functioning on 16/18 indicators in Wave 2 was associated with very small-to-medium-sized increases in subsequent religious/spiritual struggles in Wave 3. The results provided evidence in favour of the complex conceptual model for 16/18 indicators of whole person functioning. Our findings extend existing evidence on the reciprocal association between religious/spiritual struggles and individual functioning to a wide range of indicators, reinforcing the need for practitioners to consider the dynamic interplay between religious/spiritual struggles and individual functioning as they work with younger populations., (© 2024 The Authors. International Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Union of Psychological Science.)

How do governments target social assistance? This article proposes a new typology of targeting that goes beyond the dominant focus on top‐down technical solutions to highlight the important role of informal practices and non‐state actors. Using evidence about the ways local governments in Colombia delivered relief during COVID‐19, the typology identifies and illustrates four ideal types of targeting processes resulting from the intersection between programmatic (or not) eligibility criteria and the role of non‐state actors. The article thus expands the politics of social policy research agenda to the question of targeting, a crucial aspect of policy implementation, in dialogue with scholarship on distributive politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]