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Objective: Eighteen extended multigenerational families were recruited from the genetically isolated Paisa community in Colombia to conduct genetic studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This report describes the inclusion strategy and clinical features of participants to facilitate comparisons with other data sets. Method: Families were selected through a fixed-sampling scheme beginning with child probands referred for clinical evaluation for ADHD. Direct structured psychiatric interviews were conducted with 433 informative individuals, including 92 children aged 4 to 11 57 adolescents aged 12 to 17, and 284 adults. Best estimate ADHD diagnoses were established for each informative pedigree member. Results: These families contained a high proportion of individuals affected with ADHD (32.8%), which was highly comorbid with conduct disorder (50%; odds ratio 11.5, 95% confidence interval = 6.4-20.9), oppositional defiant disorder (25.4%; odds ratio 2.7, confidence interval = 1.5-4.8), and associated conditions including nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Conclusions: ADHD in these extended Paisa families is highly comorbid with conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. This pattern of comorbidity, as well as the large dense pedigrees of the sample, suggests that it will be particularly useful for molecular genetic studies that are currently under way. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2004;43(12):1506-1515. Key Words: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, comorbidity, conduct disorder, genetics, phenotype, population isolate.

For establishing databases that capture the existing diversity in populations, the sample collection strategy is a determining factor and caution must be taken when choosing the suitable approach. Many researchers choose to restrict the sampling to individuals with inheritance for three generations in a specific geographic location. However, the appropriate database in a forensic context is the one representing the current population. We analyzed mtDNA composition across generations in populations from Colombia, Ecuador, and Paraguay. An overall genetic homogeneity was detected, with statistically significant differences on macrohaplogroup frequencies for few department/regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental management has increasingly focused on promoting social engagement in biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation as a way to foster sustainability. However, a critical challenge that still remains is the adequate implementation of strategies of communication, education, and participation (CEPA) oriented to reconnect the social and ecological dimensions in the systems. This study analyzed the main features and types of CEPA implemented by the Colombian Regional Autonomous Corporations in environmental management projects that consider ecosystem services. We found a variety of CEPA focused on a wide range of stakeholders. Communication and education were the most frequently implemented in the projects. Within communication, spreading information about the projects was the most common, while education focused on instrumental training of local communities. Participation, the less frequently implemented, mainly aimed to ensure government and decision-makers involved in the initial phases of the projects. We conclude that there is a need to increase and improve education strategies in conservation projects to make decisions based on critical and reflective thinking, and foster the engagement of a broader set of stakeholders in the processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Colombian laws require that paternity testing probability (W) values be higher than 99,99% to prove biological relationship. IdentiGEN lab currently uses 23 autosomal genetic markers included in the commercial kits Identifiler®, PowerPlex®16, FFFL® and Triplex® (in-house kit: D18S535, D2S1338, SE33); however, in some complex cases the number of markers is not enough to reach the legal statistical threshold. IdentiPLEX kit, consisting of 19 markers, selected from NIST & STRbase databases was developed and validated according to the requirements established by the norm NTC-ISO17025. These include among others, studies of precision, specificity, sensitivity, stutter proportion and concordance tests. Forensic and population parameters were also calculated using Powerstats and Arlequin V3.5.2 software (N = 701 individuals). These analyses allowed to conclude that identiplex kit is appropriate for routine analysis casework, and more specifically aiming to solve criminal and filiation complex cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA testing is the gold standard for biological filiation and human identification, based mainly on a large number of polymorphisms of STRs, which are caused mostly by relatively frequent mutations. Changes in the size of alleles in the STR sequences are frequently associated with these mutations, causing alterations in the statistical calculations of tests, thereby lowering the paternity index (PI). To avoid such alterations and obtain a paternity probability (W) above 99.99%, it is necessary to increase the number of STRs analyzed and to know the appearance frequency of these mutations. In the present study, 17 STR were analyzed in a total of 11,077 cases, according to the paternity reports issued by the IdentiGEN Lab, focused mainly on the population of Antioquia, during 14 years (2005–2018). A total of 251 mutations were found in all the cases studied; of these, 247 were one-step mutations, 3 were two-step and only one three-step mutation was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work NC01 (Non CODIS) triplex system (D10S1248, D14S1434 and D22S1045) was chosen for standardization and validation. Allelic ladders were constructed and validated by sequencing. Genotypes for 450 Central Andean Colombian from 6 regions were analysed, population and forensic parameters were estimated, no significant departures from H–W equilibrium were detected and loci were in linkage equilibrium. No signs of homology were detected when NC01 was evaluated on 9 new world primate species. Forensic utility is demonstrated with 25 forensic cases typed with NC01 miniSTRs Triplex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]