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A review of the subject in Colombia and two new cases are reported for this country. A comparison is made of the cases found in Colombia with others of the E1 type in Mesoamerica in times close to the year 1000 BP. Another possible case B3-B6 is mentioned. The origin of this cultural practice in the region is discussed and it is concluded as a result of contacts with groups from the near Atlantic and Pacific coasts in earlier times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The health-disease-care process is a universal event, which each society and culture develops in its own way. The specialized literature suggests that more studies and preventive actions are needed to improve the oral health of indigenous peoples, respecting their cultures. The Guahibo people are originally from the Venezuelan and Colombian plains, they are a heterogeneous population that is scattered both in the national territory and in eastern Colombia. Until now, no studies on the oral health from the Guahibo perspective have been found. Purpose: This research aimed to describe oral health from the perspective of members of the Guahibo community in Amazonas state, Venezuela. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive, and phenomenological study using ethnographic data collection techniques (open interviews, observation, and field notes) was carried out. Triangulation was used as the data analysis technique. Results: It was found that the Guahibo people merge western practices with the ancestral practices of their ethnic group in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Among the indigenous practices are religious rites, use of medicinal plants and mineral products. Conclusions: The presence of disease for Guahibo people is determined by the painful symptoms. The most widely used treatments are those that include plants and religious rites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of Lamendin's age estimation technique, the root dentin translucency has received increasing attention as an important indicator of age. Recently, Parra and colleagues presented the Forensic International Dental Database (FIDB), a proposal to estimate age at death in adults based on Bayes theorem by applying the criteria of Lamendin's technique. The present study aims to update the procedure and to evaluate a new version of the method (named FIDBv2) using two control samples from Colombia and Greece. The performance of this new version was acceptable and suggests that the method is suitable for age at death estimation in adult individuals from different forensic contexts. The best approximations to chronological age were obtained for individuals between 30 and 60 years old, with errors less than 10 years. The age estimations calculated on control samples suggest the adequate performance of FIDBv2 on individuals from varied populations. It can be stated that the FIDBv2 constitutes a solid alternative to be used in contexts where no additional data are available. Here we reinforce the initial idea that this model for estimating age at death in adults may be generalizable to any forensic context in the world. • Root dentine translucency is one of the most reliable dental age indicators. • The best results in age at death estimation were obtained between the ages of 30 and 60. • The FIDBv2 reported similar results for the analysed control samples. • The FIDBv2 can be used in contexts where no previous studies are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the frequency, variability, sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry of fourteen dental crown traits in the deciduous and permanent dentition of 60 dental models (35 women and 25 men) obtained from a native, indigenous group of Nasa school children of the Musse Ukue group in the municipality of Morales, Department of Cauca, Colombia. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study that characterizes dental morphology by means of the systems for temporary dentition from Dahlberg (winging), and ASUDAS (crowding, reduction of hypocone, metaconule and cusp 6), Hanihara (central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and cusp 7), Sciulli (double bit, layered fold protostylid, cusp pattern and cusp number) and Grine (Carabelli trait); and in permanent dentition from ASUDAS (Winging, crowding, central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and double shovel-shape, Carabelli trait, hypocone reduction, metaconule, cusp pattern, cusp number, layered fold protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7). Results: The most frequent dental crown features were the shovel-shaped form, grooved and fossa forms of the Carabelli trait, metaconule, cusp pattern Y6, layered fold, protostylid (point P) and cusp 6. Sexual dimorphism was not observed and there was bilateral symmetry in the expression of these features. Conclusions: The sample studied presented a great affinity with ethnic groups belonging to the Mongoloid Dental Complex due to the frequency (expression) and variability (gradation) of the tooth crown traits, upper incisors, the Carabelli trait, the protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7. The influence of the Caucasoide Dental Complex associated with ethno-historical processes cannot be ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the so-called Uto-Aztecan premolar (hereinafter UAP) or distal-sagittal crest of upper premolars is a rare morphologic trait that appears in the first premolars of American Indian groups only. It is described as the presence of a pronounced crest extending from the tip of the buccal cusp (paracone) towards the distal-occlusal edge, almost reaching the sagittal sulcus. The objective of this study was to describe the presence of UAP in South America and its relation with Colombian indigenous populations. Methods: a total of 495 individuals recorded in the literature were collected. Conventional descriptive statistics was used to observe asymmetry and atypical variables. Comparisons were made using Smith's mean measure of divergence. Results: the spreading of this trait in South America might have been due to interactions between the groups represented by two biological components observed in the calculated matrix. Discussion: the Pacific Ocean coast and the valleys that connect the Andean and Amazonian regions coupled with their main rivers should have played a role in the rapid spread of this trait in samples located as far apart as Minas Gerais (Brazil) and Punta Teatinos (Chile). Conclusions: UAP is present in Colombia since about 3000 BP (before present). This trait should be evaluated in mestizo groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The Nukak Maku is a nomadic group whose subsistence is based mainly on hunting and harvesting, activities that like in others indigenous tribes are related to tooth wear. They live in the area between the Guaviare and Inírida rivers, in the department of Guaviare (Colombian Amazon). Presently, they are severely affected by a combination of illness, violence and neglect by local and national governments. Purpose: Identify the presence of tooth ear, its severity and distribution regarding gender and age. Methods: The target population was 47 peasants living in the Barrancón indigenous shelter nearby the city of San José del Guaviare (25 males and 22 females, 20 adults and 27 children). The sample consisted of 17 of them. Clinical examination was performed and model casts were analyzed in order to determine tooth wear through the Guerasimov-Zoubov scale. Results: Generalized tooth wear was found, which was more severe among incisors than molars. The degree of severity was greater in the older group (35 to 45 years of age) and in the female population, where the grade 4 was more frequent. Conclusions: We believe that all the subjects show tooth wear likely related to their habits and living style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is determining the frequency and variability, sexual dimorph, bilateral asymmetry and correspondence between twelve non-metric dental traits and two metric dental traits on the first and second upper and lower premolars in dental casts from 110 subjects from a Colombian racially mixed population. In this descriptive and quantitative study, frequency and variability of twelve non-metric dental crown traits were observed, through the ASUDAS (mesial and distal accessory crest and tricuspid premolar), Higa et al. (mesial and distal interstitial tubercle), van Reenen et al. (hypostile, bucal furrow, transverse ridge, meso-lingual furrow and disto-lingual furrow; and Hillson (lingual cusp number and groove pattern). The frequency of the metric and non-metric dental traits demonstrates that the first premolars present a minor dimensions and simplified morphology (caninization); whereas the second premolars ones are many characterized and of major size (molarization). The frequency of the non-metric dental traits is ambiguous; they do not present sexual dimorphism and present bilateral symmetry, with the exception of the meso-lingual furrow. The correspondence between the first and second upper and lower premolars changes in every trait. The dental dimensions present bilateral symmetry and sexual dimorphism with the exception of the second lower premolars. The dendogram suggests that the sample consists in mixed population with Caucasoid characteristics, negroid influence and mongoloid conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]