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The innovative trends of cloud computing acquired the interest of several individuals or enterprises that started outsourcing data to the cloud servers. Recently, numerous techniques are introduced for facilitating privacy protection on untrusted cloud platforms. However, the classical privacy-preserving techniques failed to prevent leakage and incur huge information loss. This paper introduces the efficient technique, named the chronological sailfish optimizer (CSFO) algorithm for privacy preservation in cloud computing. The proposed CSFO is devised by integrating the chronological concept in SailFish optimizer. The input data are fed to a privacy-preservation process wherein hamming weight-based RSA and Khatri-Rao products are utilized for data privacy. Here, the hamming weighted-based RSA is determined by combining the sha256 algorithm with the hamming weight with Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (HRSA) system. Hence, an optimization-driven algorithm is utilized to evaluate optimal matrix generation to handle both the utility and the sensitive information. Here, the fitness function is newly devised considering, realism, privacy and fitness. The experimentation is performed using four datasets, like Pathway Interaction Database, Hungarian, Cleveland and Switzerland. The proposed CSFO provided superior performance with maximal privacy of 0.2173, maximal realism 0.9456 and maximal fitness of 0.5416. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]