1. Serum vitamin D, calcium, and zinc levels in patients with COVID-19.
- Author
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Elham AS, Azam K, Azam J, Mostafa L, Nasrin B, and Marzieh N
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-Infective Agents blood, Antioxidants metabolism, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 prevention & control, Calcium deficiency, Case-Control Studies, Cities, Deficiency Diseases complications, Deficiency Diseases prevention & control, Dietary Supplements, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Humans, Immunologic Factors blood, Iran, Male, Micronutrients blood, Middle Aged, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Urban Population, COVID-19 blood, Calcium blood, Deficiency Diseases blood, Nutritional Status, Vitamin D blood, Zinc blood
- Abstract
Background and Aim: COVID-19 is a global public health concern. As no standard treatment has been found for it yet, several minerals and vitamins with antioxidants, immunomodulators, and antimicrobials roles can be sufficient for the immune response against the disease. The present study evaluates the serum vitamin D, calcium, and Zinc levels in patients with COVID-19., Materials & Methods: This research is a case-control study performed in May 2020 on 93 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a Shoushtar city hospital and on 186 healthy subjects with no symptoms of COVID-19. The serum vitamin D, calcium, and zinc levels were collected and analyzed using correlation coefficient and independent t-test via SPSS 18., Results: Vitamin D levels had a significant difference between the case and control groups (p = 0.008). Serum calcium and serum zinc levels also had statistically significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The research results showed that serum zinc, calcium, and vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients are lower than in the control group. The supplementation with such nutrients is a safe and low-cost measure that can help cope with the increased demand for these nutrients in risk of acquiring the COVID-19 virus., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest concerning this paper., (Copyright © 2021 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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