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Urban heat island (UHI) has a great influence on human wellbeing in urban areas. Previous studies have investigated impact on environment, ecosystem, and human health of UHI. To investigate economic impact of UHI is a lack of research. In this study, spatial-econometric hedonic housing price models are developed for estimating the marginal value of summer UHI in Beijing, China. The results showed that UHI effects in Beijing became severe from 2015 to 2017. The heat islands showed a mix of high and sub-high land surface temperature (LST). The spatial Durbin model estimates that one-unit increase of UHI intensity (UHII) would lower the housing value by 3.91%. Regarding the different districts, households had different attitudes to the UHI effect. Specifically, households regarded UHI effect as amenity in the four suburban districts with hills and relatively low LSTs; however, in most urban districts and their surroundings, households were willing to pay to avoid UHI effects with 13.0 dollars to 826.3 dollars for one-degree UHII decrease. This study highlights the urgent need for planners and decision-makers to consider urban expansion, UHI effect, and their economic impact in future urban planning., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To explore the status of malnutrition and dietary behavior characteristics of children aged 3-5 in Tonghua, Nanchang, Changsha, Kunming and Weinan, and to analyze the relationship between them., Methods: Data was from National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0-18 Years Old Children in China. A total of 1741 children were randomly selected from five cities by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, and their physical fitness was measured and investigated by questionnaire. Chi-square test and multivariate binomial Logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between nutritional deficiency and diet and feeding behavior., Results: Among the investigated children, the underweight rate, stunting rate and wasting rate were 0.52%, 1.09% and 1.03%, respectively. Dietary behavior restriction was the risk factor for stunting(OR=4.72, 95% CI 1.41-15.84), poor eating habits were the risk factor for wasting(OR=3.64, 95% CI 1.01-13.34). No statistical association was found between underweight and diet and feeding behavior., Conclusion: The incidence of malnutrition among children aged 3-5 years in five urban areas of China is low. There is a correlation between malnutrition and poor diet and feeding behavior. Measures should be taken to correct the poor eating habits of children and the feeding behavior of caregivers, so as to improve the nutritional status of children.

Although Chinese government has implemented a series of laws, regulations, and policies to deal with air pollutants, air pollution is still one of the biggest concerns in China. Most of the cities in China suffered from extremely high air pollution levels and cannot meet the national air quality standards. In this study, we attempt to measure individuals' average marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) in Beijing with the hedonic price model. We combine an extensive housing transaction dataset with emission data of six air pollutants from 2013 to 2016 in Beijing, China. When estimating the hedonic price function, we apply both ordinary least squares (OLS) and panel model with various fixed effects to better control for unobservables. The empirical results reveal that the concentrations of CO, NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 are significantly negatively correlated with housing prices. However, we found an insignificant relationship with the concentration of SO 2 and the concentration of O 3 appears to positively increase the housing values. Policy implications based on these results were also discussed.